IPM Oct 2023

E

#6

[ 17] A Powerhouse Combination Al and AM [ 22] Fancy Flooring Surface Pre- and Post-Treatment Considerations for Digitally Printed Flooring

Editor's Letter [What Comes Next?] ............................................................. 4

AM [After the Print] ........................................................................................ 13

News Beat [Current Industry News] ............................................................ 5

Advertiser Index .......................................................................................... 16

Showtime [To the Hub] .................................................................................. 7

Companies Mentioned.............................................................................. 16

Spotlight [Making a Point with Plywood] .................................................... 11

Target Chart [Metal Options] ...................................................................... 21

ON THE COVER Garnica uses digital printing technologies to decorate plywood used in furniture, walls. fiooring, and more. See page 11

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October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine J 3

.RIAL 9PRINT

IN DUSTRIALPRI NTMAGAZINE.COM Volume 10, Number 5

EDrTIIR'S LETTER

WHAT COMES NEXT? While a majority of three-dimensional (3D) printing focuses on the actual print itself, post-processing techniques are often overlooked, but many times an additive manufactured (AM) part requires a little finesse after it comes out of the printer.

Sanding, polishing, de-powdering-these are just a few of the methods that ensure the final piece is exactly what the end user intended. Con­ sider the post-process hardware-and even software-when looking at implementing a 3D printer in house. Read more in After the Print.

This issue also shares the inroads artificial intelligence (Al) is making in AM. Al is used throughout the entire process from design to print and

beyond. A Powerhouse Combination looks into this.

Looking at surface pretreatment from the perspective of a flooring man­

ufacturer, our second feature, Fancy Flooring, discusses pre- and post­ treatment tactics for digitally printed flooring.

Following up, Making a Point with Plywood, spotlights a manufacturer

of plywood solutions for exterior and interior construction and furniture manufacturing. It turned to digital technologies to decorate plywood, of­

EDITOR IN CHIEF Thomas Tetreault 978-921-7850 EDITOR Melissa Donovan mdonovan@rockportpubs.com ASSOCIATE EDITOR Cassandra Balentine cbalentine@rockportpubs.com ART DIRECTOR Sarah M. White swhite@rockportpubs.com WEB EDITOR Melissa Mueller CONTRIBUTORS Pete Basiliere, Olivia Cahoon, Kemal Carr, Maria Conrado, Mark Hanley, Melinda Tetreault ADVERTISING SALES PUBLISHER Thomas Tetreault 100 Cummings Center, STE 321E Beverly, Massachusetts 01915 Ph 978-921-7850 x110 • Fx 978-921-7870 edit@rockportpubs.com SALES Nicole Pizzi-Cerundolo Ph 978-921-7850 x160 • Fx 978-921-7870 npcerundolo@rockportpubs.com Amanda Doyon Ph 978-921-7850 x170 • Fx 978-921-7870 adoyon@rockportpubs.com

fering customization to customers as well as a host other benefits.

Finally, this article includes a Target Chart on 3D metal printers and a preview of the upcoming Formnext trade show taking place in Germany this November.

CORPORATE & PUBLISHING OFFICE 100 Cummings Center, STE 321E Beverly, Massachusetts 01915

Cheers,

��2� Melissa Donovan, Editor

ROCKPORT CUSTOM PUBLISHING, LLC CHAIRMAN Jeffrey Jensen PRESIDENT & CEO Thomas Tetreault CONTROLLER Missy Tyler Industrial Print magazine is published by Rockport Custom Publishing, LLC. Please send change of address forms to: 100 Cummings Center, STE 321E, Beverly, MA 01915. © Rockport Custom Publishing, LLC 2023. Reproduction by any means of the whole or part of Industrial Print magazine without written permission from the publisher is prohibited. Views expressed in the editorial pages do not imply our endorsement.

Subscription Rates: U.S. $41.65 per year, seven issues; single copies: $5.95, Cana­ da and Mexico: $52.22 (U.S.D.), Other international subscriptions: $71.05 (U.S.D.) Vendors: We welcome your product news. Include prices, slides, photos, and digital files with your press release. Please forward product samples and media kits to Reviews Editor, Industrial Print magazine 100 Cummings Center, STE. 321E Beverly, MA 01915. We cannot be responsible for unsolicited product samples.

4 [lndustfia/ Print Magazine J October 2023

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INDUSTRY

--

PHOTOCENTRIC LAUNCHES LIQUID

CR YSTAL TITAN

Photocentric launches an LCD printer, Liq­

EVONIK AND LEHVOSS STRATEGICALLY PARTNER

uid Crystal Titan, with a build volume of

27.5x15.5x47.2 inches. It features a pixel pitch

��

of 91 microns across the entire area. Because it

uses LCD, it hardens a large area simultaneously.

INFINAM"C!J TPA

The Bk (7660 x 4320 pixels) screen provides con­

(

--

INFINRM"I') PA

Evonik and LEHVOSS Group announce a strategic partner­

ship. Based on Evonik's PA613 polymer chemistry, LEH­

,i-=-=\

'\

INFINAM'CI TPC

trol of over 33 million pixels, allowing the user to convert huge amounts of liquid into solid in a short time.

�

VOSS will develop its own 3D printing formulations under its LUVOSINT product branding. LEHVOSS will include

Evonik's polymer powder INFINAM PA 6005 P (PA613)

in its own product portfolio from September 1, 2023.

Through this partnership, both industry partners aim to

----------� open up new applications in the automotive sector.

INFINAM PA 6005 P is a polymer powder from Evonik based on polyamide 613 and is designed for 3D

Titan uses free radical, not cationic curing

printing technologies such as selective laser sintering. The polymer is produced using Evonik's own special

much faster polymerisation, providing a wider

temperature range. Compared to other difficult-to-process materials of the polyamide 6 family, INFINAM PA

delivers end use functional parts.

process, and the dimensional stability of the printed component.� NF #160

resin, and by overcoming shrinkage it enables

range of properties, including elastomeric and It hardens with daylight rather than UV, which

cures more consistently across a large surface

precipitation process at the Marl Chemical Park in Germany and is suitable for 3D applications in the higher 6005 P has a low water absorption rate, which has positive effects on both the processability in the 3D printing

area delivering more controlled double bond con­

NEW MELTIO SPACE SOFTWARE

an upgraded version of the free software Pho­

toolpath generator software for the Meltio En­

version. Titan uses new user interface software,

HP AND FOSBER FORM RELATIONSHIP

Meltio presents new Meltio Space software, a

HP announces a strategic relationship with Fosber

tocentric Studio, a new printing process Weave

gine Robot Integration with an easy-to-use inter­

Program. This collaboration aims to combine the

rately, Core surface texturing, and Voxel Dance

toolpaths. It also includes two-axis workpiece

that reliably prints even very large parts accu­ support and part processing software.

It provides a complete manufacturing eco­

system, which means, a variety of resins, soft­

face for planar, non-planar, and variable extrusion positioner interpolation, kinematics simulation,

collisions check, and cell configuration.

This new slicer is an innovative addition to the

ware, wash, cure and transfer units, resin recy­

Meltio product lineup, offering a new perspective

with a complete maintenance and customer

of traditional three-axis systems. Meltio Space

cling, lifecycle Carbon part analysis, together service package.

It is supplied with a range of resins, including

a value resin making cost-effective parts at 350

micron layers. 'ill" NFD#161

industrialprtntmagazine.com

as part of the PWI SmartStream Solutions Partner

strengths of both companies and deliver cutting­

edge solutions that enhance the capabilities of

digital print and advanced corrugators.

Fosber and HP, alongside long-standing

SmartStream

Partner

Program

member

Erhardt+Leimer (E+L), seek to offer a superior so­

on 3D printing by breaking free from the limitations

lution for the litho-lam market, DigiCorr, by com­

takes a step further and expands the possibilities

with Fosber's Quantum Corrugator, equipped

by incorporating advanced robotic manipulation ca­

pabilities. The Meltio Space software sales model

is an annual subscription.� NFD#162

bining HP PageWide T700i and T1195i Presses 1. Meltio presents its new a toolpath generator software, Meltio Space. 2. HP and Fosber form partnership for digi­ tal print and corrugated workfiow.

October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine J 5

SPOTLIGHT WE ASKED TOP MANUFACTURERS TO SHARE THEIR LATEST PRODUCTS Parametric 3D Modeling App

WASP App is a new slicing and parametric 3D modeling application (app) for clay 3D printing that lets you create your own design objects by manipulating a series of parameters, such as shape, size, texture, and slicing settings.

Users are able to export their gcodes and print them right away using WASP’s Clay 3D printers, even in series, printing multiple pieces one after the other. Visit app.3dwasp.com for more information.

INFO# 167

with E+L Smartline controls. This powerful combination provides manufacturers with a streamlined and highly efficient approach to producing high-quality, #163 high-graphic boxes.

EPS AND SUN AUTOMATION PARTNER eProductivity Software (ePS) announces an important partnership with SUN Automation Group. This collaboration marks a significant step in ePS’ expansion strategy for its flagship CorrSuite, a comprehensive suite of end-to-end ERP and MES technology solutions, and Escada, its closed-loop corrugator control system, technologies that help to streamline processes, increase efficiency and maximize profitability, in the North American region.

The partnership between ePS and SUN Automation is poised to help corrugated box manufacturers be more efficient and productive. By combining ePS’ manufacturing execution software solutions with SUN Automation’s

6 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] October 2023

Increased Production Capacity

The Mutoh XpertJet 1462UF UV LED flatbed printer is designed to elevate print productivity and deliver exceptional quality, making it the perfect fit for businesses seeking to expand their capabilities.

Featuring a table size of 55x27 inches, the XpertJet 1462UF stands out. This large dimension allows for increased production capacity and profitability, enabling users to print on objects up to 5.91 inches thick. It can achieve multi-layer printing at speeds of up to 41.8 square feet per hour. For more information visit mutoh.com. INFO# 168

unmatched equipment innovation and maintenance software technology, customers can anticipate a holistic approach that fosters revenue growth while optimizing operating and produc#164 tion processes.

INKCUPS UNVEILS XJET SWITCH Inkcups announces the XJET Switch, a digital printer for direct-to-bag and hard goods applications. This state-of-the-art addition to the XJET line is the first UV flatbed printing machine formulated with high-quality bag decoration in mind.

As the "Switch" title indicates, the new machine boasts flexible capabilities for both pliable and hard goods, manual load and automated load and index, either 180 or 90 degrees if some pretreatment is required.

The XJET Switch sets a new standard in swift and high-quality UV flatbed printing, producing high-quality, full CMYKWW (highly opaque white) images directly onto a variety of bags and hard

goods. Its exceptional capabilities make it an ideal solution for decorating reusable bags made from a range of materials and colors, and it is capable of handling even the most challenging substrates such as clear and thin bags. This industrial printer is specifically designed for a #165 three-shift production setup.

HYBRID INTRODUCES NEXT-LEVEL AUTOMATION FOR 3D RENDERING HYBRID Software releases iC3D Version 9, which showcases automation capabilities, new features, and user-experience improvements. iC3D Suite V9 introduces a major enhancement to its PDF Editor, leveraging cutting-edge technology from HYBRID’S own PDF Libraries to deliver an elevated user experience and pixelperfect rendering. As users engage with PDF files within iC3D, they can anticipate upgraded performance with faster rendering speed, improved software stability, and advanced functionality.

Recognizing the evolving needs of the company’s valued CLOUDFLOW users, Version 9 offers seamless integration with HYBRID Software’s CLOUDFLOW Plugin Suite. This transformative addition has been designed to provide a comprehensive solution that enhances the way users interact with their workflows.

The CLOUDFLOW Plugin Suite serves as a dynamic bridge between customers’ creative endeavors and the efficiency requirements of digital workflow management. The suite permits users to readily open, save, and insert files, regardless of their format or source, directly into their workflow. The suite seamlessly merges into the iC3D environment, becoming an intrinsic part of the user experience. This integration ensures a cohesive and intuitive interaction, ultimately increasing productivity and streamlining processes. iC3D Version 9 delivers enhancements to the overall performance of its suite, including file saving security. Users can now save their dynamic background within iC3D files and safeguard their creative work. To address a growing global customer base, iC3D announces an updated and expanded range of software languages; which includes improvements to existing translations and a fully localized Portuguese #166 version.

industrialprintmagazine.com

SHOWTIME

TO THE HUB What to Expect at Formnext 2023

by Industrial Print Staff

Self proclaimed as the "hub for additive manu­ facturing (AM);' Formnext takes place from November 7 to 10, 2023 with more than 800 exhibitors planning to attend. Held by event organizer Mesago Messe Frankfurt Group at Messe Frankfurt in Frankfurt am Main, Germa­ ny, the global trade fair is dedicated to AM and industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing.

Known in the industry as a launching point for new products, solutions, and services, Form­ next is more than a trade fair, as it holds confer­ ences throughout the event. This year, the con­ ferences are re-organized to run across three different stages in the exhibition halls-industry, application, and technology.

The industry stage focuses on sustainability and digitization, as well as other topical issues.

There are plans to include discussions on new 1 business opportunities like start ups and funding. The application stage showcases applications from me­ chanical, automotive, aerospace, medical, electrical, and other industries. Finally, the technology stage allows Formnext ex­ hibitors to showcase their innovations.

Hall to Hall

In the exhibit halls, companies display solutions from the en­ tire process chain of AM and industrial 3D printing. Here we include information from vendors planning to attend.

3DCeram, hall 11.1, booth C33, unveils the C3600 ULTI­ MATE and Cl000 FLEXMATIC printers, featuring CPS 2.0.

CPS 2.0, the new-generation exclusive printing software for 3DCeram's Ceramaker printer line, aligns seamlessly with the goal of automated line development, echoing the philosophy of transitioning from laboratory to production reality. INFO# 140 ADDIBLAST by FerroECOBlast, hall 12.0, booth C42, show­ cases three machines-MARS 03 with a new, swivel arm for improved automated de-powdering, designed specifically for metal 3D printed parts. It cleans parts thoroughly and efficient­ ly, while also ensuring that the powder is collected and can

industrialprtntmagazine.com

be recycled for future use. It guarantees an accurate, reliable, and repeatable de-powdering process. MARS 01 is a manual version of MARS 03, suitable for de-powdering and removal of support structures. BAM 03 is an ergonomic and user-friendly blasting solution for surface treatment of 3D printed parts, which ensures the surface is flawless. INFO# 141 Eplus3D, hall 12.0, booth D41, provides professional appli­ cation solutions for the fields of aerospace and aviation; energy, oil, and gas; automotive; tooling; healthcare; consumer goods; and precision manufacturing. It is engaged in the research and development of industrial-grade AM systems and application technologies with metal powder bed fusion and polymer pow­ der bed fusion 3D printing technology. INFO# 142 lncus GmbH, hall 11.1, booth D42, provides an innovative so­ lution for AM of high-performance metals and offers a novel 3D printing process to the growing market of metal injection mold­ ing (MIM). The lithography-based metal manufacturing process 1. Lubrizol 3D Printing Solutions, hall 12.1, booth E30, features its portfolio of ES­ TANE 3D TPU, which can be used in powder bed fusion or fused filament fabrica­ tion 3D printers. Picture Courtesy of The Lubrizol Corporation.

October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine J 7

developed by Incus offers an economic method for prototyping and the small- to mid-scale production of components in MIM quality. The system can be integrat­ ed into existing MIM production lines or research and development departments, since the same post-processing equip­ ment can be used. INFO# 143 JEOL USA, hall 12.0, booth E59, exhib­ its several parts to demonstrate the capabil­ ities of its JEOL E-Beam Powder Bed Fu­ sion 3D Metal Printer, theJAM-5200EBM. The JEOL E-Beam PBF 3D Metal Printer improves quality and manufacturing time to produce stronger and lighter parts. It op­ timizes series production of high-quality, reproducible metal parts for aerospace, medical, and energy fields. Key benefits of the JEOL 3D printer include a long­ life cathode-greater than 1,500 hours, helium- and smoke-free manufacturing, and JEOL USA'.s renowned service net­ work. INFO# 144 Lithoz, hall 11.1, booth D48, show­ cases its multi-material 3D printer, CeraFab Multi 2M30. This lithography­ based ceramics manufacturing or LCM 3D printer features two vats and is able to flexibly combine two materials in one 2. Roboze, hall 11.1, booth C21, unveils its next gen­ eration of 3D printers. 3. lncus GmbH, hall 11.1, booth D42, provides a solution for the AM of high-perfor­ mance metals and offers a novel 3D printing process to the growing market of MIM.

8 [lndustfia/ Print Magazine J October 2023

3D printed component and layer. Such previously unachievable combinations of ceramic-metal and ceramic-polymer but also highly fascinating functionally­ graded ceramic parts with different po­ rosities, chemical properties, structures, or densities are displayed. INFO# 145 Lubrizol 3D Printing Solutions, hall 12.1, booth E30, combines its compre­ hensive knowledge and AM capabilities.

Serving as an end-to-end solutions pro­ vider from prototyping to mass produc­ tion, Lubrizol is equipped to be a col­ laborative partner to businesses looking for a 3D printing solution. It features an extensive portfolio of materials for 3D printing, including its portfolio of ESTANE 3D TPU, which can be used in powder bed fusion or fused filament fabrication 3D printers. Engineered to meet strict market requirements for 3D printed parts, ESTANE 3D TPU is a ver­ satile elastomer with unique properties that can go from as soft as rubber to be­ ing as rigid as hard plastics. The latest development, ESTANE 3D TPU M88A, is a soft and flexible polymer designed and certified for HP's Jet Fusion 5200 series, offering a friendly unpacking pro­ cess. INFO# 146 Meteor Inkjet Ltd, hall 12.0, booth B102, is an independent supplier of elec­ tronics, software, tools, and services for industrial inkjet. Expanding 3D printing

beyond prototyping and into the manufacturing space, inkjet technology enables two of the most flexible AM processes, binder jetting and materials deposition. Meteor shows a full range of solu­ tions for 3D and AM print systems including the world's largest selection of electron­ ics to drive industrial inkjet printheads; ready-to-use digi­ tal front ends that integrate with commercially available 3D build tools; software de­ velopment kits allowing cus­ tom printers to be built from the ground up; and a complete suite of tools and services to support the design and op­ timization of print systems. INFO# 14 7 Prima Additive, hall 12.0, booth E81, presents its highly customized metal AM solutions equipped with innovative laser configurations. For powder bed fusion technology, the Print Genius 150 Double Wavelength is on display-a unique so­ lution on the market, equipped with an infrared laser and a green laser for maxi­ mum versatility on any material. All Pri­ ma Additive solutions are open parame­ ters and can be configured with infrared or green lasers according to production needs. Regarding direct energy deposi­ tion technology, Prima Additive exhibits the IANUS robotic cell equipped with a blue laser-a solution particularly suited to the processing of highly reflective materials. The IANUS cell can also be equipped with other advanced laser pro­ cesses such as hardening or welding, as well as supplied with two different laser sources in double wavelength configura­ tion or with two processes in the same system. INFO# 148 Quintus Technologies, hall 11.0, booth Al 1, developed a toolbox making it pos­ sible to get unoxidized component sur­ faces after hot isostatic pressing (HIP), eliminating the need for difficult, costly, or hazardous pre- and post-processing.

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Using the Quintus Purus toolbox, consisting of best practice in HIP operation, new HIP equipment hardware and software capabilities, and bespoke oxygen getter cassettes, 3 most of these issues can be avoided or substantially reduced.

This gives rise to design advantages and substantially reduces the cost and environmental impact of manufacturing components. INFO# 149 Roboze, hall 11.1, booth C21, showcases unparalleled advancements in high-performance materials, precision engineering, and industrial-grade solutions. Attendees can expect to witness the unveiling of next-generation 3D printers that push the boundaries of

speed, accuracy, and advanced material diversity. Roboze’s presence at Formnext promises to inspire manufacturers, engineers, and designers by highlighting the potential of AM for end-use production in sectors like aerospace, automotive, and energy. INFO# 150 Solukon, hall 12.0, booth D42, presents new key features for the SFMAT350 de-powdering system for medium-sized parts. From now on, the latest models of SFM-AT350 are compatible

with SPR-Pathfinder software, which automatically calculates the ideal motion sequence to free the component from powder. In addition, the SFMAT350 is available with piezoelectric excitation. With this type of excitation, the most complex geometries of parts made of tough-to-handle material is very gently and easily cleaned. In addition, Solukon presents the SFM-PCU, an automated station for a safe and easy powder handling. With a volume of more than 100

#2 industrialprintmagazine.com

October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] 9

4 liters, the SFM-PCU is the ideal peripheral system for large powder quantities, e.g. when depowdering large components or in serial cleaning. INFO# 151 4. TRUMPF, hall 12.0, booth D81, highlights the new

TruPrint 2000, ideal to produce removable partial dentures. 5. Thermwood, hall 11.1, booth B66, displays a variety of tools and parts made on its LSAM.

Thermwood, hall 11.1, booth B66, displays a variety of tools and parts made on its large scale additive systems (LSAM). It shows a tool printed at a 45 degree angle, a variety of chairs printed from SABIC’s LNP ELCRIN WF006NiQ resin, a 30 percent glass-fiber PBT material that contains a 25 percent loading

of chemically upcycled post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate water bottles, and a variety of other LSAM printed tools and parts. INFO# 152 TRUMPF, hall 12.0, booth D81, presents new technologies for more productivity and automation in 3D printing. From the dental industry to tool and mold to aerospace—3D printers from TRUMPF are used in many industries. One highlight at the show is the new TruPrint 2000. This 3D printer is ideal to produce removable partial dentures.

Customers can also print other medical products such as spine cages and knee implants with the machine. INFO# 153 Xact Metal, hall 12.0, booth D98, showcases its XM200G2 metal 3D printer. This printer is capable of printing with single or dual lasers. It also prints at varying power wattages— 100W, 200W, or 400W. Available in the Xact Metal stand are parts printed on the XM200G of varying materials, written information about various applications the printer is being used for currently, and experts from Xact Metal to answer all your questions. INFO# 154

Get Ready to Jet

5

10 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] October 2023

If you’re in the U.S. and planning a trip across the pond, there will be plenty to see in Germany come November. Check back with Industrial Print magazine as we post information on new product announcements during the event. IPM

industrialprintmagazine.com

MAKING A POINT WITH PLYWOOD Digital Printing in Manufacturing

by Melissa Donovan

Garnica is a global leader in the plywood industry. Its goal is to explore new methods to manage and utilize natural resources intelligently and manufacture exceptional plywood solutions.

Founded in 1941 as a sawmill in La Rioja, Spain, today it boasts five locations in Spain and two in France. It expects to open an additional plant in Uruguay in 2024. Between the multiple locations it staffs over 1,200 employees that help serve customers in over 45 countries. Its main markets are in Europe and North America.

As an industrial customizer, Garnica is designed to adapt to its clients’ specific needs. According to the company, it is flexible and able to offer quick turnarounds for its range of products. Simultaneously, high-volume production is completed efficiently and competitively.

1 Its plywood is used in applications like mobility and transportation, exterior and interior construction, furniture manufacturing, the packaging industry, and do-it-yourself products. Services include combining raw materials, XL sizes and special dimensions, in-stock products for immediate delivery, exclusive product ranges, customized products, global shipping with predefined routers, small parcel service and multiple deliveries, and specific certifications for each market.

Up and Running Garnica is always on the look out for manufacturing technologies that meet customer needs like flexibility and quick turnaround, as well as uphold its sustainability standards.

Traditional technology used to decorate

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plywood includes wood veneers and laminates, like high pressure laminate or continuous pressed laminate. In 2015 it began looking at digital printing, specifically hoping to use it as a substitute to wood designs that are widely distributed but not sustainably sourced, such as tropical wood species.

It adapted digital printing swiftly and today it is up and running with a proprietary technology. Utilizing this printing process has opened the door to endless design possibilities.

“Using digital printing, it is possible to print any image or design onto plywood with high precision and accuracy. This revolutionary technology has opened up possibilities for our clients who can

Digital printing allows us to endlessly scale custom designs, no matter how large the project.

— Hugues Paulin, VP, North America, Garnica

1., 2., & 3. Garnica’s Infinity utilizes proprietary digital printing technology to print designs over European poplar plywood.

October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] 11

hardwood veneers and exotic wood species considered rare natural resources, utilizing digital printing to recreate the products helps to preserve them.

To Infinity…

2 recreate the look and feel of authentic hardwood panels with increased cost efficiency and sustainability,” explains Hugues Paulin, VP, North America, Garnica.

According to Paulin, digital printing helped the company achieve specific goals. These include delivering a perfect surface, which is difficult when using wood as it is a natural product and has discrepancies like cracks, splits, or knots. Digital printing ensures a consistent and uniform pattern as well as reliable color.

It also wanted to offer total customization to clients, with any design potentially developed from replicating an

existing wood veneer or something truly customized. In addition, these products are endlessly scalable.

“Digital printing allows us to endlessly scale custom designs, no matter how large the project. Imagine a decorative project for a new store in a retail chain.

Digital print would allow for the replication of the exact same design in a potential new store that opened a couple years after,” explains Paulin.

Digital printing improved the manufacturer’s service level by eliminating availability or sourcing issues.

Finally, it allows Garnica to offer a sustainable product made of real wood. With

Infinity, the name Garnica uses to refer to its digitally printed products, utilizes proprietary technology to print veneer designs over European poplar plywood. The front and back faces of the board are digitally printed maple and the core consists of both short and long grains of poplar. A UV finish improves durability and offers a decorative appearance.

Applications include wood paneling, ceiling paneling, trade shows, retail, indoor furniture, and kitchen cabinets.

An example of a typical application is wall paneling in a retail store. The Infinity line of products are offered in standard and customized options. For standard, predefined designs, the print and a manufacturing process takes approximately four weeks.

Customized designs can take longer. This process involves scanning the original pattern that the customer is looking to replicate and editing the image to meet the necessary requirements. After this step, samples are produced for customer approval—once approved the job moves into production.

…and Beyond

3

12 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] October 2023

Garnica is a trend setter when it comes to innovation and sustainability. Its adoption of digital print in manufacturing is a true testament to this. Digital printing enables the company to create endless design opportunities for its customers while simultaneously eliminating sourcing issues. IPM

industrialprintmagazine.com

AM

AFTER THE PRINT Post-Processing Considerations for AM

by Industrial Print Staff

Often a three-dimensional (3D) printed piece isn’t completely finished right off the printer. Various technologies are employed to create a final product that is acceptable to the end user. Post processing of a 3D printed piece means many things from removing the support structure to achieving the desired look and feel of the finished surface through technologies like sanding, polishing, or de-powdering.

“Post processing is a crucial step in the additive manufacturing (AM) workflow, where 3D printed parts undergo various finishing processes to achieve customer-ready quality,” states Marc Farfaglia, head of technical services and application development, PostProcess Technologies.

Determining if Necessary Many factors help determine whether and which post-processing technique is necessary. This includes the type of material and end use of the part, as well as the 3D print method employed.

According to Farfaglia, the intended purpose or end use of 3D printed parts influenc1 es the need for post processing. “If the parts require additional steps such as painting or plating, post- be, is another reason to consider post processing like sandprocessing becomes crucial to prepare the surface for subing or polishing. “Intricate geometries, fine details, or delicate sequent treatments.” One example is before painting, a part features may require additional post-processing steps to refine might require surface the part’s appearance finishing to achieve a and functionality,” exsmooth, uniform texplains Farfaglia. ture. This ensures betAchieving highter paint adhesion and quality surface finishes a visually appealing is possible with the — Marc Farfaglia, head of technical services and application development, final result.

1. Since 2015, Solukon has PostProcess Technologies The part itself, and established automated systems for powder removal. how complex it may

Post-processing is a crucial step in the AM workflow...

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October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] 13

AM

2 2. PostProcess Technologies developed an approach that combines hardware, software, and chemistry to

revolutionize post processing. The solutions aim to eliminate the labor-intensive manual processing involved, to improve efficiency and throughput. 3. Solukon offers automatic depowdering solutions that utilize programmable (two-axis) rotation and targeted vibration, which allows the cleaning units to remove excess powder even from the finest internal channels of the component 4. Solukon is a pioneer and market leader for automated depowdering solutions in AM.

3 PostProcess Technologies RADOR solution. This advanced system employs software-driven algorithms to achieve the desired roughness average on a 3D printed part. The RADOR solution

C O M PA N I E S M E N T I O N E D INFO# Company

reduces manual finishing and delivers consistent results.

More often than not, post processing is necessary. “While each technology requires different post processing, almost all See page 16 for more information.

Website

117

PostProcess Technologies

postprocess.com

118

Solukon

solukon.de

14 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] October 2023

will require at least one, if not more, postprocessing steps to make their 3D printed part customer ready,” shares Farfaglia.

Andreas Hartmann, CEO/CTO, Solukon, states that for the industrial use of 3D printed parts via laser powder bed fusion (PBF) technology adequate post processing “is always required to ensure smooth performance of the part and to meet safety and occupational health requirements.”

Post-processing parts manufactured from PBF involves de-powdering or removing powder from complex parts.

Solukon offers automatic de-powdering solutions that utilize programmable (two-axis) rotation and targeted vibration, which allows the cleaning units to remove excess powder even from the finest internal channels of the component.

All Solukon de-powdering systems are based on Solukon Smart Powder Recuperation technology (SPR).

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an AM method that requires post processing to remove support structures.

While the support structures are essential during the build process, once printing is complete they must be discarded.

“Post-processing steps, such as support structure removal, are typically required to achieve the desired part geometry and surface finish for FDM printed components,” states Farfaglia.

For efficient support structure removal in FDM parts, PostProcess Technologies offers two solutions—the BASE and the VORSA 500. These intelligent spray systems leverage cutting-edge software algorithms to automate the support removal process, eliminating the need for time-consuming manual labor.

Stereolithography (SLA) also benefits from post processing, especially with resin printed parts. After printing, residual resin may remain on the parts and “postprocessing techniques are employed to remove and clean the excess resin, ensuring the final parts meet the desired specifications,” explains Farfaglia.

industrialprintmagazine.com

PostProcess Technologies' DEMI family of solutions is designed to ad­ dress the post-processing needs of both resin-based and PolyJet materi­ als. With proprietary chemistry and software intelligence, the DEMI series ensures efficient and effective removal of residual resin and support materi­ als, resulting in clean and customer­ ready parts.

When to Invest When a 3D printer is purchased, it might be advantageous to purchase post-pro­ cessing equipment at the same time­ however there could be cost restraints or even a lack of staff to help facilitate the process successfully.

Hartmann believes it is better to con­ sider post processing when buying a 3D printer for two reasons, higher cost

industrialprtntmagazine.com

transparency, as you will know exactly what the AM line will cost in total; and better connection of the individual pro­ cess steps. "Digital networking of prints and post-processing equipment in par­ ticular can be con­ sidered right at the start if everything is acquired at the same time."

4 Solukon consid­ ers the digital integration of the equipment in its solutions. Its de-powdering software, the SPR-Pathfinder, uses the build job's CAD file to automatically

calculate the motion sequence for the Solukon system to remove excess powder. T he Digital Factory Tool-a

October 2023 [Industrial Print Magazine J 15

maximizes efficiency and productivity.

This proactive approach saves time, re­ sources, and reduces the likelihood of costly rework," adds Farfaglia.

sensor and interface kit-enables pro­ cess tracking, quality assurance, and automation integration.

"It is crucial to establish a well-co­ ordinated process workflow from the outset, ensuring seamless integration between the printer and the post-process­ ing equipment. In AM, printers and post­ processing solutions play interconnected roles in achieving the desired end result for 3D printed parts," agrees Farfaglia.

It is important to approach the printer and post-printing solutions as connected elements that work together, continues Farfaglia. The best results equal a seamless integration. "This in­ tegration enables data transfer, process automation, and real-time monitoring, ensuring a smooth transition from printing to post processing."

This is achieved by PostProcess Technologies' CONNECT3D software platform, enabling streamlined and completely connected workflows that help maximize the potential of AM. "By considering the entire process upfront, manufacturers identify poten­ tial bottlenecks, anticipate challenges, and design an optimized workflow that

Thoughts to Note In PostProcess Technologies' 4th An­ nual Post-Process Survey, the company found that a majority of users are invest­ ing in material extrusion, VAT photo­ polymerization, and PBF technologies.

While these methods offer versatility, application range, and reliability advan­ tages, they do present unique post-pro­ cessing requirements.

"One of the key findings of the sur­ vey is that respondents frequently face challenges related to the time required to finish parts during post processing.

This struggle is prevalent in material extrusion processes, which often involve manual support removal. The manual nature of this step can create bottle­ necks in the additive workflow, resulting in slower overall production rates for manufacturers. Recognizing this issue, manufacturers seek solutions to stream­ line and accelerate their post-processing operations," states Farfaglia.

Copper-based 3D printed parts are also challenging to post process, ac­ cording to Hartmann, and increasing in usage as the material of choice for aerospace companies and rocket man­ ufacturers. "Copper is an exceptional de-powdering challenge because pow­ der residues on the inside of the part's channels show sticky behavior and powder tends to clog in cavities," he states. To loosen these powder bulks Solukon offers an additional knocking system for its de-powdering solutions.

Another issue to keep aware of as technology advances-larger manufac­ tured parts. "This means outstanding challenges for post processing and auto­ mated powder removal," adds Hartmann.

Finishing Up A pivotal piece of the AM workflow, post-processing technologies range from removing support structures to de-powdering depending on the 3D print process used. As more materials become applicable for use in 3D print­ ing, the post processing of the same materials will be an interesting area to watch. /PM

Get more information from vendors appearing in this issue! Visit IPMagdirect.

With just a few clicks, order FREE information from dozens of companies • P(Uldirectl com. covered in this issue.

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industrialprintmagazine.com

inspection," says Ed Tlegenov, senior manager, research science, Autodesk Inc.

Use It

AI is used in AM from design iterations to final results.

"Manufacturers are beginning to in­ tegrate various AI and machine learn­ ing (ML)-based algorithms into their 3D printing process in order to exploit the full potential of the technology. Ap­ plications of AI and ML can be found in prefabrication design, quality assurance and defect detection, material usage control, and predictive maintenance," says Marcellus Buchheit, president/ CEO, Wibu-Systems USA.

ML is a subset of AL As Tlegenov explains it, "ML is where algorithms are designed to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed."

If we look at how a part is manufac­ tured via 3D printing, AI as well as ML is being used from end to end.

In the design phase, stable diffusion­ type AI is leveraged for generating con­ ceptual shapes and aiding in ideation, according Tlegenov. "This technology enables engineers to explore ideas be­ fore modeling, facilitating conceptual shape generation, and optimization specifically tailored for AM. Designers can explore a wider range of ideas with

You • What ore the recommeoded workflow steps for Ti647 3DGPT: The cootext does not prOVide information about the recommended workflow steps for Ti54 However, it mentions that Ti64 is mainly fabricated b-J conventiorial manufacturing ((M) processes such as casting, forg,ng. injection molding, thermoforming blow molding rolling, etc.. followed by a secondary process like machining. Additionally, it discusses the sensitivity of the mechanical l)Joperties ofT164tothe microstructure and crystallographictexture oflheo:·phase.Thereforelhe reco11YT1ended wor�llow steps for Ti64may invoh!E selecting the appropriate mano.,factl.Jring process to achievethe desired microstruct\Jre and crystallographictexture.follo\.ved by machining t o a chieve ttle 'inal part geometry The specil\c workflow steps may vary deperidirig on the application requiremeots andthe de5iredproperties olthe finalpart Re'erences Title: Microstructl.Jres and Mechancal Properties of Ti6Al4V Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting Authors H. K. Rafi, N. V Karthik. Ha1un Goog. Thomas L Starr, Brent E. Stucker Year.2013.0 DO110.1007/s11665-013-065B-O

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18 [lndustfia/ Print Magazine J October 2023

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higher efficiency, making what was once impossible now within reach." ''AI is used in optimization efforts re­ lated to component design and improved component performance. It is also used in the development of surrogate models to accurately predict complex AM build outcomes in near real time," adds Dr. Rashid Miraj, director of technical op­ erations, AlphaSTAR Technology Solu­ tions, LLC. Additionally, AI is leveraged in the simulation of AM parts. "Deep learning algorithms are deployed to enhance the simulation of AM parts. The application of neural networks to these graphics­ heavy computations accelerates the pro­ cess and significantly improves accuracy.

It's not just about quicker simulations; it's about making them more reflective of re­ al-world conditions," explains Tlegenov.

During the actual printing process, AI is utilized. "From image recognition to real-time analysis of sensor data such as vibration, temperature, and acous­ tic emission, AI systems are actively engaged. They make on-the-fly adjust­ ments, reduce errors, and enhance the quality of the build. It's a dynamic sys­ tem that adapts and corrects as it cre­ ates," comments Tlegenov.

During the final stages of AM, spe­ cifically scanning of the parts, Tlegenov also says AI is used. "When 3D scanning of AM parts hits hardware limitations, AI algorithms fill the gaps, enhancing resolution. The application of AI in this area ensures that even the minutest de­ tails are captured and analyzed."

1. Design and engineering consultancy Dar created a five-meter smart bridge using 3D printing, robots, gen­ erative design, and Al with the help of Autodesk. 2. Au­ thentise experimented with Al by providing free-to-use additive centric data on top of ChatGPT 3. Located at One Market in San Francisco, CA, the Autodesk Gallery showcases technology driven design and engineering innovations via interactive exhibits and events. Light­ ning Motorcycles manufactures some of the highest performing and most advanced electric motorcycles in the world. The Lightning Motorcycles team optimized its motorcycles swingarm using Autodesk generative design technology and AM.

industrialprintmagazine.com

“The most obvious application in AM is process parameter optimization and anomaly detection. Here, AI and ML can supplement data analysis and, more significantly, data mining,” shares Miraj.

Concerning Things While AI and its involvement in AM presents advantages, there are also challenges.

Similar to other verticals, AI brings up concerns, although Andre Wegner, CEO, Authentise, believes that “since the AM industry is a laggard in adopting the technology, these issues will be solved by more advanced industries before we’ve even managed to establish our use cases.”

For Miraj, the old refrain “garbage in, garbage out” still holds. “Good analysis and decision making is based on reliable data and accurate descriptions of experience to augment learning.”

3 “While AI’s integration with AM offers vast potential, current closed and rigid data formats pose challenges in

terms of collaboration, efficiency, transparency, and accuracy. The adoption of open data formats and cloud solutions

#5 industrialprintmagazine.com

October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] 19

PROTECTING IP IN AM Additive manufacturing (AM) and its relationship with artificial intelligence (AI) and subsequently machine learning (ML) is in transition. Much has already occurred in terms of the design process, printing of a part, and even final inspection. As such, security is something to think about, more importantly intellectual property (IP).

Marcellus Buchheit, president/CEO, Wibu-Systems USA, explains that the trained printing model that is generated from the ML process becomes the IP of the manufacturer. As such, it must be protected from inadvertent modifications or even intentional attacks.

Counterfeiters could attempt to build similar systems by illegally copying the property of the original maker or others may plot to manipulate the entire system and its purpose.

“The IP comes in multiple forms. It is the data collected and used originally to train the model, the training setup itself, and the eventual trained model. At each step in this process, the IP needs to be protected against theft and piracy, but still be available for legitimate stakeholders to use, process, and reprocess,” explains Buchheit.

To protect the IP throughout the entire process, manufacturers consider security technologies like Wibu-Systems’ CodeMeter. The solution encrypts and signs the data to protect the IP from unauthorized access, copying, or espionage. CodeMeter is also used to authentic users and their assigned roles when using a model generated from the ML process.

can play a pivotal role in addressing these issues,” admits Tlegenov.

According to Tlegenov, “open data formats encourage interoperability, allowing different systems to work together seamlessly, while cloud solutions offer scalability, real-time collaboration, and centralized control. Together, they present a pathway to a more cohesive, transparent, and efficient use of AI in AM, empowering industries to fully leverage the transformative potential of these technologies.”

AI and AM in the Future We are at the beginning of how AI and AM work together. The future is bright.

“The level of sophistication depends on the application. Automation, interactive user interfaces, design optimization,

C O M PA N I E S M E N T I O N E D

and defect detection are just starting points. At some point, AI will address the entire process including justification for production and finished part material handling,” foresees Miraj.

Tlegenov details how AI will impact AM throughout the various stages of the process. For example, in design, intelligent design systems, material optimization, and generative design are all possible with AI. “AI will likely develop systems that collaborate with human designers more intuitively; understanding the designer’s intent, requirements, and goals; then suggesting optimized designs based on real-world constraints,” comments Tlegenov.

Wegner agrees that the future includes more true AI approaches to See page 16 for more information.

INFO# Company

Website

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AlphaSTAR Technology Solutions, LLC

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Authentise

authentise.com

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Autodesk Inc.

autodesk.com

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Wibu-Systems USA

wibuusa.com

20 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] October 2023

design. “The fastest development in AI currently is around large language models, which are especially powerful in processing text prompts. Therefore, we’re going to see more true AI approaches to design, especially around the nexus of communicating intent into designs using natural language.”

During the 3D print process, AI will be used in smart factories, quality control automation, and sustainability. “AI could enable fully automated smart factories where entire AM processes are monitored, controlled, and optimized by intelligent systems. Advanced image recognition and real-time adjustment algorithms may completely automate quality control, ensuring higher consistency. AI may drive improvements in energy efficiency and recycling within the AM process, contributing to more sustainable manufacturing practices,” suggests Tlegenov.

“From design to production to inspection, AI technologies will likely drive significant advancements in efficiency, quality, complexity, and sustainability. The convergence of these technologies points to a future where the boundaries of what can be designed and manufactured continue to expand, fueling innovation across industries,” explains Tlegenov.

Paradigm Shift As AM continues its infiltration of manufacturing, AI isn’t far behind. Both technologies are a powerhouse combination.

“The convergence of AI and AM is not just an advancement; it’s a paradigm shift. From design conceptualization to the final product inspection, AI is proving to be an invaluable asset, enriching every facet of the process. The alliance of these two technologies illustrates the future of manufacturing a future characterized by efficiency, precision, adaptability, and endless potential,” states Tlegenov.

At industrialprintmagazine.com learn more about AI and AM by viewing an archived webinar. IPM

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October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine J 21

prints to manufacturers that have not yet invested in digital. So there is a big over­ lap in favor for digital."

Stephen Sanker, manager, digital printing products, Koenig & Bauer US, also sees growth in digital adoption for decor applications on an industrial level.

In Europe, he says decor printing is very robust and other markets are becoming more aware of the advantages digital technology brings to this segment.

Increase Awareness, Heighten Growth As awareness for industrial printing ca­ pabilities grows, so does its projected use in decor, and as an extension-flooring.

Horsten predicts a growth of 12 to 15 percent in the next five years per annum.

"This seems big but it's only a fraction of the decor market," he offers.

industrialprtntmagazine.com

"Direct-to-product printing is increas­ ing; so I would expect the same adop­ tion in the flooring industry as well.

There are many advantages to printing directly to a product, including versatil­ ity, cost, and consistency," shares Wilson Lee, director of business development, and Tom Gilbertson, VP of application engineering, Enercon Industries Corp.

Dr. Anke Pankake, head of market­ ing/PR, Hymmen GmbH, admits that while it took the market time to adopt to the technology, once one big player of the regional industry decided to invest into that new, innovative way of produc­ ing flooring, other market players fol­ lowed very quickly. "This was the case in Europe, and it will be similar in the U.S. where the flooring industry around Atlanta/Dalton, GA is highly into digital

printing by now. In the last 18 months alone, we have sold seven new flooring lines with our Digital Lacquer Emboss­ ing technology by Hymmen."

Sanker says growth in North Ameri­ can depend on substrates and digital ca­ pabilities to adapt to synthetic materials. ''As with most markets, in flooring digital printing will see widespread adoption only when the economics work," offers John Corrall, chairman, In­ dustrial Inkjet Ltd. He says there are al­ ways niches within markets where print runs are short and a lot of variation is required-usually at the top of the quali­ ty scale. ''Any segment of the decor mar­ ket will have 'designer' product that is 1. Agfa offers three primers, which are designed for different technologies.

October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine J 23

2 sold in small volume at high prices, and this is where digital print first becomes profitable. However the real interest for manufacturers is the mass production volume product.”

The drivers for digital print are zero setup time, no tooling, and vastly reduced waste. “The break on adoption is always running cost, which is mainly ink or toner cost—or click charge. There is always a Catch 22 here, if the production volumes can be higher, the ink manufacturing cost will fall. But no ink manufacturer is going to sell at a loss for years in the hope of future sales. The result is usually a gradually increasing production volume and a gradually decreasing cost per print. The slow trend continues until someone realizes that the economics have bettered conventional or analog print processes. At which point the digital process suddenly becomes compulsory for everyone,” shares Corrall.

24 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] October 2023

Materials A variety of surfaces and materials are printed on for digitally printed flooring.

Lee and Gilbertson point to PVC, vinyl, foam, and laminated structures of various composition as popular material.

“We work mostly with plastics and other man-made materials. We also work with a variety of metals, but not for this application,” they comment.

Horsten says most of the prints are on paper with special inks for décor. “Think high-pressure laminate (HPL) and continuous pressed laminates. There is little luxury vinyl tile (LVT) at the moment but this will grow slower than HPL. Not because of technology but because of the post-treatment equipment they already have.”

“Most often the board materials are stone polymer composite, or LVT, as well as wood-based panels such as high density fiberboard,” shares Pankoke. “As for décors, wood and wood interpretations

are the most common in the digital printing of flooring. But we also often see different variances of stone and concrete décors in the décor design departments of our customers.”

Surface Considerations Certain surfaces require pretreatment.

“Pretreatment is necessitated by image and print quality in combination with the type of substrate,” says Sanker. “Some of these substrates are very specific and have exceptionally consistent surfaces. In most cases the nature of the quality and color requirements for décor will require pretreatment to ensure color accuracy and color consistency. Brand managers and specifiers will not compromise in these areas,” he offers.

2. Enercon offers corona treaters for digital printing.

3. Since the introduction of its digital printing technol-

ogy into the flooring market, Hymmen has sold more than 55 digital printing lines overall.

industrialprintmagazine.com

Horsten says papers often need to be a primed to accept the inks. “As the melamine penetrates the paper the inks need to be binder free. This way the melamine can fill the paper and make it ready to be used in the normal industrial way.”

Lee and Gilbertson point out that most of the flooring materials that you would print on are low surface energy products. “This means that in order for the print to stick to the surface, you need a pretreatment of some kind. Plasma allows you to treat inline, generally right before the print step. This allows for the best adhesion of the print on the surface and increases the durability of the print long term.”

The need and type of pretreatment is determined by the absorbency or surface energy. If the surface is absorbent—e.g. some natural woods—then to get a high color density means a lot of pigment and therefore a lot of expensive ink. “It can make excellent economic sense to first print a primer that acts as a sealer and simply stops the ink penetrating too far. The cost of the primer is likely to be a small fraction of the cost of the ink saved,” notes Corrall.

When printing to non-absorbent surfaces, like plastics, Corrall stresses that the media surface energy is critical. “If the plastic has a low surface energy— for example, polypropylene or polyethylene—then typical UV inks will simply ‘reticulate’ or ‘bead-up’ on the surface.

Getting a smooth, consistent ink layer that the ink needs to ‘wet’ to the surface requires a higher surface energy. Various techniques are used such as corona, plasma, or flame treatment. If none of these work, a primer might be the only solution,” explains Corrall.

Application Considerations Depending on the specifics of a job as well as the materials and equipment used to produce it, primers/pretreatments are applied in many ways.

industrialprintmagazine.com

3 The primer might be sprayed, applied by flexography, or even inkjet printed.

“Note that inkjet is more demanding on material surface energy than conventional contact printing methods. A dyne level of say 36 might be fine for flexographic print, but 44 or 48 might be needed for inkjet inks,” says Corrall.

In Corrall’s experience, pretreatment is done all inline. “In the case of primers, customers are often keen that the pretreatment is applied digitally. This might be to save money by not applying primer where there is no inkjet, but it can also be because the primer itself might change the ‘look’ of the flooring. It

October 2023 [ Industrial Print Magazine ] 25

might cause a color shift or more usually a change in the gloss level. Customers don't like that so you want to restrict the primer so that it is only underneath the color print," he recommends.

Lee and Gilbertson note that prim­ ing is often performed inline right be­ fore printing.

With the Hymmen digital printing technology, Pankake confirms the pre­ treatments are applied inline.

Koenig & Bauer and the RotaJET also integrate priming inline. "Our cus­ tomers are looking for industrial out­ put-24/5 or 24/7-in most cases, which means in this case the nature of inline configurations are the most desirable and the most successful. This is what we are seeing in terms of adoption for decor applications overall," shares Sanker.

On the other hand, Horsten sees many primers applied offline with a gravure systern that has a blanket as a cylinder. "It 4. The Agfa lnterioJet 3300 is used for flooring.

COM PAN I ES MENTIONED INFO#

130 131 132 133 134

Company Agfa Enercon Industries Corp.

Hvmmen GmbH Industrial Inkjet Ltd. Koenig & Bauer US

26 [ lndustfiaf Print Magazine J October 2023

applies the primer to the paper, which is later printed."

Post-Treatment Options Post treatment is also a consideration when it comes to digitally printed floor­ ing. Often post-treatment options come from the print specifier, says Sanker.

"The post treatment is usually a var­ nish. Typically it is applied by flexogra­ phy, spray, or digital print. It may be UV cured or water based," offers Corrall.

With Hymmen, Pankake says opera­ tors can put on one or more layers of top lacquer on the digitally printed surface, or go in with digital structuring that needs several pretreatment layers again, then digital structure printing, and in the end the final finishing process steps.

She points out that the more pro­ cess steps you take, the thinner each layer can be and the higher the flexibility and, in the end, also the quality of the outcome e.g., in terms of gloss grades and depth of structure. "But-

·p�seepage16for moreinformation.

Website agfa.com enerconind.com hvmmen.com/en industrialij.com koenig·bauer.com

certainly-the more machines you include in your line the more expensive the technol­ ogy," says Pankake.

She adds that in her experi­ ence, post treatment is always applied inline because it is the only way to control the produc­ tion process.

Lee and Gilbertson say application really depends on the exact details of the product being made. "Speaking gen­ erally, inline treatment is the best as it reduces additional steps in the manufac­ turing process," they comment.

"Today we see that post coat is often applied as a separate process, probably because the coating equipment already existed. Pallets of floorboards are moved from the inkjet station to a separate coating station. Longer term we would expect new flooring lines to install the post-coat inline with the digital print.

This becomes more necessary if the post-coat is also used as a texture-Le. the top coat is applied with varying thick­ ness to highlight the grain of the wooden image, which can look very realistic. It's much easier to match varnish print to color print if they are both in the same line," explains Corrall.

Sanker feels the advantages of post treatment for digitally printed flooring are clear in that they compress the produc­ tion workflow for printing and eliminate steps in the process. "Other than cost, they have few drawbacks;' he admits.

Expanded Opportunity Digital print technologies continue to penetrate more industrial markets as they advance. Flooring is one area ex­ pected to see increased adoption of digital technologies. Depending on the material used and the specifics of the job, pre- and post-treatment options may be necessary.

For more on the discussion, check out our complementary web series on­ line at industrialprintmagazine.com. 1PM

industrialprintmagazine.com

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