Rio Olympic Legacy: Missed Opportunities by Roberto Rocco

Rio Olympic Legacy Missed opportunities Roberto Rocco Chair of Spatial Planning and Strategy, TU Delft

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Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Context in which Olympics will happen

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Economic growth Rapid

Economic Growth

(6th economy GDP nominal in 2012)

Source: http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdf Wednesday, 9May, 2012

World stage ambitions â&#x153;¤

Brazil is seeking for a new role as regional leader, it wants permanent

membership in the UN

Security Council and could use more (positive)

international visibility Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Functioning democracy ✤

Elections are fair but there are relatively high rates of corruption

✤

Shady common interests

between public and private

sectors (but with growing control of civil society)

Brazilian President Dilma Roussef. Source: http://www.el-nacional.com/noticia/18316/11/Canciller-brasileñoprepara-en-Cuba-primera-visita-de-Rousseff-a-la-isla.html Photo distributed by Reuters. Author unknown. Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Stable urbanization â&#x153;¤

High urbanization rate (+ 88%)

â&#x153;¤

(Time for urban

reform, made possible by progressive 1988 constitution) Wednesday, 9May, 2012

The local context Thanks to devolution of powers included in the Constitution of 1988, the city of Rio de Janeiro has the upper hand in planning and financing the upcoming Olympic games. The city needs to make partnerships with the State of Rio and the Brazilian Federal government, as well as the private Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Puerto Cabezas Bluefields

Maracaibo Barranquilla

Barquisimeto

Caracas Maturin

Valencia

Cucuta

Ciudad Bolivar

San Cristobal

Venezuela

Medellin

Bogota Cali

Guiana

Puerto Ayacucho

French Guiana

Suriname

Apoteri

Colombia

Boa Vista

Mitu

Pasto

Macapa

Quito

Ecuador

Belem

A m a z o n Manaus

Guayaquil

Santarem

Fortaleza

Sao Luis

Iquitos Talara

Teresina

Sullana

B a s i n

Orellana

s d e

Peru u n M o

Recife Porto Velho

Rio Branco

Brazil

Cocama Cerro De Pasco

Callao

Natal

Tarauaca

Huanuco

Lima

Imperatriz

Ayacucho Cuzco

Salvador

Mato Grosso

i n

Maceio Aracaju

Ica

Brasilia

Plateau

Bolivia

Puno

Cuiaba

Goiania

La Paz

Arequipa Tacna

Santa Cruz

Atac

Arica

Belo Horizonte

ama Desert

Campo Grande

Iquique

San Salvador De Jujuy Salta

Antofagasta

Pacific Chile

Vitoria Campinas

Paraguay

Tarija

Rio de Janeiro

Concepcion

S達o Paulo

Santos

C. Oviedo

San Miguel De Tucuman

Asuncion

Curitiba

Foz Do Iguacu

Joinville Resistencia

Argentina s

Cordoba

SanRafael

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

m Moun tains

Bahia Blanca

a Neuquen

San Carlos de Bariloche

i a

Puerto Montt

Valdivia

Rosario

Buenos Aires

Concepcion

Valdes Penninsula Rawson

Porto Alegre Tacuarembo

Mendoza

Santiago

Valparaiso

Florianopolis

Uruguay

Paysandu

Durazno

Montevideo

S達o Paulo > than 18 million inh. > than 10 million inh. (megalopolis) > than 5 million inh. (continental metropolis) > than 3 million inh. (metropolis) > than 1 million inh. (big city)

Santa Cruz

Belo Horizont

Campo Grande

Vitoria Campinas

Paraguay

Tarija San Salvador De Jujuy Salta

Rio de Jane

Concepcion

S達o Paulo

Santos

C. Oviedo

San Miguel De Tucuman

Asuncion

Curitiba

Foz Do Iguacu

Joinville Resistencia

rgentina

Porto Alegre Tacuarembo

Rosario

Cordoba

Florianopolis

Durazno

Montevideo

S達o Paulo > than 18 million inh. > than 10 million inh. (megalopolis)

> than 3 million inh. (metropolis)

aWednesday, 9May, 2012Bahia

> than

> than 5 million inh. (continental metropolis)

Buenos Aires

Uruguay

Paysandu

S達o Pa

> than 1 million inh. (big city)

The 6th largest metropolitan area in the Americas by population 22,000,000 21404435 19889559

19069796

16,500,000 13074000

11,000,000

12874797 11529194

5,500,000

Mexico City Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Mexico City

Sao Paulo

New York Buenos Aires Population in 2007, various sources

New York

Buenos Aires

Los Angeles

Rio

a e r a n a t i l o p o r t e m d e t c e n n o c s i d d n a A vast

13,000,000 12,387,000

9,750,000

6,500,000 6323037

3,250,000

Source: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

0 City

Metropolitan

y h p a r g o e g c i n e c s d n a h c i Ar

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

A diverse population 1% Afro-Brazilians 12%

Ethnic composition in 2010 (IBGE Census)

0% Whites 51%

Multiracial 37%

Whites

Multiracial

Afro-Brazilians

Source: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

East Asians

Native Americans

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

HDI compared (2011) â&#x153;¤

City of Rio= 0,842 (high)

comparable to Cyprus (0.840 in 2011) â&#x153;¤

This is higher than Portugal and lower than the UK

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

A services and creativity oriented economy 160

â&#x153;¤

Rio is the

30th richest

152.5

city in

145

world by

137.5

GDP

130 $ billion in 2005 San Diego 29th

Rio 30th

http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Barcelona 31th

7 Planning Urgencies

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Human Development Index by borough in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2000)

? y it c e h t s e is r e t c a r a h c t a h t e id iv d l ia t a p s l= ia c How to bridge the so

Source: Instituto Pereira Passos, http://portalgeo.rio.rj.gov.br Wednesday, 9May, 2012

’ s n e z i t i c g n i t c e p s e r e l i h w n o i t a s i n a b r u l a m r o f n i h t ) i s n w a l i l a i e z d a r B f o How to % 6 ( y t i c e h t f o % 4 . 4 1 ? ’ y t i c e h t ‘right to

70% of i nhabitan ts of fav elas are Afro-Br azilians o r multira cial

www.flickr.com/photos/andreasnilsson1976 Wednesday, 9May, 2012

How to harmonise environmental preservation with social needs?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exfordy/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

o t e m o h , s a e r a l a r e h p i r e p t s a v s t i p o l e v e d d n a t c e n n o c o t w o H ? e l p o e p n o i l l i m 6 n a more th

http://www.flickr.com/photos/liaralis/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

How to reg enerate its historical c ore and dis face of a sa used port a vage unregu reas in lated real e state marke t?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/yidnamu Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

How to improve and extend the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s public transportation network while keeping transport affordable?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/dhani_b/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

y a d i l o h l a n o i t a n r e t n i e m i r p a s a e g a m i s â&#x20AC;&#x2122; y e t k i i c l , e s h t t n e e t v a e d e i l g o r s a l n o f c o o t d n a s s How e n i s u b d n a e r u t l u c f o e r t n e c a , n o i t a n i t des ? s c i p m y l O the

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exfordy/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

This begs the question

Do the current Olympics plans help Rio solve (some of) its planning urgencies? Wednesday, 9May, 2012

The role of the International Olympic Committee

â&#x153;¤

14. To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities and host countries

Source: http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdf Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Examples of positive legacy Mobility upgrade Venues reuse

Urban regeneration projects Environmental preservation

Originally elaborated by Isabela Ledo, TU Delft, 2012 Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Examples of negative legacy Examples of positive legacy Displacement of low income inhabitants Reduction of investment in local needs Increase in rents and land prices

Gentrification of neighbourhoods

Under use of Olympic infrastructure Expensive maintenance of Olympic facilities without social gains Increase of public debt

http://www.asia-insider-photos.com/famous-places-in-china.html

Originally elaborated by Isabela Ledo, TU Delft, 2012 Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Urban and Environmental Legacy Plan Special Urban legacy committee of the Planning Department of the city of Rio de Janeiro

✤

A set of proposal for urban and environmental development aims to:

✤

Protect the environment

✤

Promote social inclusion

✤

Attract investment

✤

Improve urban mobility, accessibility and distribution of public services

http://www2.rio.rj.gov.br/smu/paginas/planolegado_urbano_ambiental.asp Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Urban Legacy Plan + City Master Plan : Convergences

✤

Accommodation / Housing

✤

Urban transportation

✤

Sanitation + environment

✤

City appreciation + branding

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

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Wednesday, 9May, 2012

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Maraca na Stad ium Com plex Wednesday, 9May, 2012

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Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Deodoro Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Old Por t

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Old Por t

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Barra da Tijuca Wednesday, 9May, 2012

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PAC/ Favela-bairro/Pro-moradia/Morar carioca New alternatives

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Originally elaborated by Isabela Ledo, TU Delft, 2012 Wednesday, 9May, 2012

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PAC/ Favela-bairro/Pro-moradia/Morar carioca New alternatives

New social housing

Originally elaborated by Isabela Ledo, TU Delft, 2012 Wednesday, 9May, 2012

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Housing deficit â&#x153;¤

Rio de Janeiro housing deficit in 2009: 136.345 dwellings

â&#x153;¤

Number of rooms to be constructed for the Olympic family until 2016: c. 12.000 two room apartments (8.8% of the housing deficit in 2009) 150,000 Housing Deficit Apartments for Olympics

112,500

75,000

37,500

Housing Deficit

Apartments for Olympics 2007

http://lawinbrazil.blogs.wvu.edu/2008_blog_home/2008/8/8/a-sobering-day-for-exhausted-students Wednesday, 9May, 2012

The main site at Jacarepagua/Tijuca Favela

Favela Autodromo Rio Centro Sports and

Sarah Kubistchek

Exhibition centre Sports Arena Autodromo de Jacarepagua

Rock in Rio site

HSBC Arena

Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Hospital

Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

AECOM is also responsible for London 2012 Olympic Park Master Plan

Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Vila Autodromo in Barra da Tijuca, source: http:// colunas.radioglobo.globoradio.globo.com/platb/blog-do-amarelinho-rj/2011/10/19/ moradores-resistem-a-desocupacao-da-favela-vila-autodromo-em-jacarepagua/ Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Newspaper clippings. Text from O Globo, Luciana Calazans, September 18, 2012 available at: http:// ademi.webtexto.com.br/ article.php3?id_article=33653 Wednesday, 9May, 2012

â&#x153;¤

Aerial View of Barra da Tijuca. Photo by Didac Freund (creative commons)

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Watch a film on Olympic locations

â&#x153;¤

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtZqu4qDzok

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Any conclusions?

Do the current Olympics

plans help Rio solve (some

of) its planning urgencies? Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Yes, but.... •The exclusive location is very far from the centre and north of the city and will not help attract attention to the areas that need regeneration and development the most (Old centre, old port, northern zone).

• Raising property values (some expect in more than 50%, in some cases 100%) of the area will benefit developers and construction companies enormously, but benefits to users is doubtful. High values will make any attempt to build social housing in the area almost

impossible. It will reinforce the fracture between the southern and northern areas of the city

•The housing projects are infinitely beyond what the city needs, but the Olympics helps bring attention to housing problems in Rio

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

â&#x20AC;˘The lack of integration between Federal government, State and Municipality is reflected in the lack of integration of large infra-structural projects and the choice of locations

â&#x20AC;˘The main gains are in public transportation and city branding, although an opportunity is missed to invest in alternative transportation modes, including subway, light rail and trams.

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

â&#x20AC;˘One of the biggest lost opportunities refers to the redevelopment of Rioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s old port, the water front close to the historic city centre, where the

proximity of the airport and the future rapid train terminal could animate the area, and bring prosperity and valuation to a larger and more crucial area of the city.

Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Thanks for listening! Any questions?

Prepared by Roberto Rocco, chair ofSpatial Planning and Strategy, TU Delft. r.c.rocco@tudelft.nl

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Wednesday, 9May, 2012