APS
and urban change
600
Advanced Producer Services in the Randstad-Holland 1 68
29
50 39 66
Rijnland is staying behind other regions in the Randstad in relation to its GDP per capita. This is not related to the size of its population, but to its economic profile. The region has a relative inability to attract investment related to the Tertiary Sector, especially in relation to high-level producer services and headquarters (command functions). Hypothetically, Rijnland fails to do so because it does not offer opportunities for large urban projects, which would create the spatial conditions for the operation of advanced producer services and headquarters (command functions). The lack of large urban projects, plus the lack of a strong image of innovation makes the region less attractive for global investors. Identity is strong but not well exploited. Cultural and
500
environmental aspects are good but not conveniently advertised. Global investors need a strong image to buy (and sell).
52
What are the comparative advantages of Rijnland to attract FDI in the form of command functions? What are possible strategies to create the spatial conditions for the operation of command functions? How can image be improved in order to attract them?
5
NoordHolland
90
20
13
71 33 28 24 74
31
84
47
Finance
Proeftuin Rijnland SBS Research Group, Department of Urbanism - TU Delft Prof. J. Rosemann, Dr. A. van Nes, M.Sc. Ir. G. Bruyns, M.Sc. Ir. R. Rocco, M.Sc. Ir. C. Pinilla
Insurance Law
36
400
60
55 83 6
7
Flevoland
6
3
91
23
2
32 21
96
7
40
81 10
Spatial requirements
16
34
26
25
Socio-political requirements
2
35
Management Consultancy
infrastructure
43 65
Advertising
45
75
64
48
Accountancy
44
42
14
22
92
41
4
46 95
89
Global Integration Map of Amsterdam provided by Dr. Akkelies van Nes
agglomeration
Advanced Producer image Utrecht Services Amsterdam Command functions
Economic requirements
Doctoral research
Proeftuin Rijnland
Zuid-Holland G Cit lob Th y al eo ry C tiv om An e pa ra aly se s
Research Group ‘Command Functions’ are the most dynamic sector of the ‘new tertiary economy’. They are the Advanced Producer Services (APS, services provided to enterprises rather than to individuals), headquarters and main offices, which rely deeply on the production, diffusion and usage of knowledge. The need to attract Foreign Direct Investment in the form of 'command functions' combined with the urge to become global platforms for business has compelled cities to produce deep changes in their spatial and socio-economic structure. This has happened especially through various modalities of partnerships
300
300
between the public and the private sector for the carrying out of Large Urban Projects (LUPs), which have manifold functions: they supply firms with the spatial conditions to operate, while providing the city with an opportunity to boost its image with distinctive architectural and urban projects. In this manner, cities and regions can enhance their image and stand as recognised destinations for investment. The emergence of distinctive places for the setting up of activities related to the advanced tertiary sector has had a deep impact in city economics, urban structure and image.
200
An a
lys
GI
SM
Urban Renewal and Management
Faculteit Bouwkunde
od
e Es l p t me ara abli sh ter s Int er
vie ws E Ta stab Ar rg li ea et sh s
Da tab
environment. The results show that a large share of APS headquarters is located in the city of Amsterdam and the neighbouring city of Amstelveen. We can identify seven cluster-areas: 1. Centrum, 2. Oud Zuid, 3. ZuidAs, 4. Amstelveen, 5. Slotervaart/ Overtoomse Veld, 6. Amstel Station, 7. Amsterdam Zuidoost. A preliminary conclusion is that different kinds of APS seek for distinct spatial features in the city. They generally tend to concentrate in strong locally and globally integrated areas along the ring of Amsterdam, in places well served by inter-modal rail/subway transportation. They avoid the touristy places of the old centre of Amsterdam, with the exception of financial firms, which locate somewhat at the border of this area. In all cases, connectivity, image and visibility play a vital role.
Globalization: New Urban Form & Social Scenario
Globally integrated organisation of world economy: Advanced Producer Services
as
e
L fir oca ms te D Fir efin sa m e mp les D Ca efin se e
Increase of Foreign Direct Investment
G Cit lob Th y al eo ry
http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/users/rocco/internet/ Roberto Rocco
es
Urban structure and accessibility are determinants for the location of Advanced Producer Services. However, in large cities they have been increasingly conditioned by them, especially through strategic planning and Large Urban Projects that aim at attracting very specific activities related to the global economy. In order to assess urban changes triggered by the progression of FDI in the advanced tertiary sector, we start by determining the areas where command functions choose to locate. Initially, we took a list of 100 Advanced Producer Services enterprises (GaWC) and pinpointed each enterprise headquarter in the Randstad using a GIS-based program and direct survey. The location of headquarters is justified by the specific command tasks they perform, which require particular conditions of infrastructure, connectivity, workforce and business
Methodology
Progression of Trans National Corporations
100
This research aims to assess the role of Advanced Producer Services as a factor for urban change in Global Cities, the 'command centres of the global economy, vital hubs in the flows of goods, people and ideas'. We chose to do so by investigating the location patterns and spatial requirements of selected advanced producer services and trans-national
The role of Advanced Producer Services in Urban Change
corporations headquarters _the 'command functions'_ in two very representative, yet distinct, global regions: The
2004 - 2007
to individual consumers. Some producer services are considered Advanced Producer Services (APS): they constitute the core
Randstad-Holland (The Netherlands) and Sao Paulo (Brazil). Producer Services are those available to enterprises as opposed of global business management and they are the most dynamic agents of today's economy.