Components of Battery Management System

Components of Battery Management System Electric vehicles are promoted by various governments through incentives offered by them and the reason behind this is that they emit lesser carbon emissions in comparison to vehicles that run on gasoline or fossil fuel. Electric vehicles run on batteries which are managed through a Battery management system, without BMS it is not safe to use these powerful Lithium-ion batteries as BMS not only improves the overall operational efficiency of the battery pack but ensures safe operations as well. The battery management system very much works in the same manner as the brain works in our body, the same is BMS for the battery pack in the electric vehicle. BMS is also getting advanced and there are BMS which have software linked to it, BMS link software suppliers are plenty in the market and these BMS link software suppliers are busy as demand for such software is pretty much on the rise.

A battery management system consists of electronic components and apart from these components, it has certain functions and features which help in the battery pack’s safety and operational requirements. BMS looks after the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of battery packs. BMS controller suppliers are very much busy as the popularity of EVs is very much on the rise BMS controller suppliers are finding it difficult to meet the demand of the market.

Key Components Of Battery Management System The battery management system does the following functions:     

Voltage, current and temperature control and measurement.

Assessment of SOC and SOH. Fault detection.

Cell balancing.

Data storage.

There are mainly six components of the battery management system.      

Battery cell monitor.

Cut-off FETs. Monitoring of Temperature.

Cell voltage balance.

BMS algorithms.

Real-Time Clock ( RTC )

Significance and Application of Each Component Battery Cell Monitor Its function is to monitor the voltage of the battery systems, capable of measuring high voltage and the overall cost is low for this component. Individual cell voltage is measured as it is the easiest way to determine the battery pack’s charge.

Cut Off FETs FET driver connects and isolates the load and charger of the battery pack and it is done through voltage, current measurements, and real-time detection circuitry.

MONITORING OF TEMPERATURE Through monitoring of temperature battery charging or discharging is assessed whether it is desirable or not. Temperature sensors monitor the energy storage system or cell grouping for compact portable applications.

Cell Voltage Balance Cell voltage monitoring is crucial to determine the health of the battery pack, it ensures that the cells are in proper condition and long battery life is achieved. The best operating voltage ranges from 2.5V to 4.2V in a lithium-ion battery.

BMS Algorithms A quick and effective decision is required to be taken based on information received and for this very purpose, a microcontroller for the battery management system is needed to collect, organize and assess the information from the sensing circuitry.

Real-Time Clock It is very much the black box of the electric vehicle as it allows the user to know the behaviour of the battery pack along with the memory stage and time-stamping.

Working On Battery Management System By tracking the status of each cell in the battery pack and determining the SOC ( state of charge ) and SOH ( state of health) it is estimated how much current is required for safe charge and discharge operations so that batteries are not harmed.

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