Major Types Of Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases

About Heart ❏ Heart is a muscular organ in animals that pumps blood to all body parts through blood vessels of the circulatory system. It has a size of closed fist and placed in the left of the center in the chest. ❏ The heart consists of two chambers. ● Atria ● Ventricles ❏ Atria consist of two upper chambers that receives the blood. Ventricle consist of two lower chambers that releases the blood. ❏ The wall of the heart is covered with three layers of tissue. They are, Epicardium, Myocardium and Endocardium. ❏ The heart contains four valves and these valves helps to control the flow of blood. ❏ In small words the heart is the preeminent and powerful organ in the body which passes oxygen and other essential nutrients to the whole body.

Anatomy Of Heart

Diseases Of Heart ❏

Heart disease is the umbrella term of all types of diseases and disorders that affect the heart. ❏ The most common cardiovascular diseases are listing below. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Heart attack Coronary artery diseases Coronary heart diseases Pulmonary heart diseases Valvular heart diseases Hereditary heart diseases Congenital heart diseases Pericardial diseases

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Heart Attack A heart attack is a serious heart issues which causes death.

The heart attack occurs when the blood flow to the heart is blocked suddenly.

This blockage mainly occurs by the deposition of some substances like fat, cholesterol, etc and it forms a plaque.

Eventually, the plaque breaks up and forms a clot in the coronary artery, and it will interrupt the flow of blood through the muscles.

We know that oxygen is passed through blood in our body.

Due to this, the heart can’t get oxygen and without oxygen, the heart tissues will die.

Coronary Artery Diseases Artery is a part of circulatory system through which the pure oxygenated blood passes to body parts.

Coronary artery diseases affect on these arteries which may leads to heart attack.

It blocks the blood flow through the coronary arteries.

This blockage in arteries occurs by the formation of plaques.

It will narrow the arteries and slows down the flowing of blood to body parts.

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Coronary Heart Diseases The disease of the heart caused by the sedimentation of plaques.

It forms clot within the wall of the arteries and prevent the flow of blood.

Valvular Heart Disease We know that there are four heart valves and it control the flow of blood.

Valvular heart disease occurs on one or more valves of the heart which do not open or close properly.

Hereditary Heart Disease Some diseases like arrhythmias, high blood cholesterol, stroke, heart attack, etc are hereditary heart disorders.

Genetics plays a major role in heart diseases and it causes by unavoidable genetic factors.

★ Congenital Heart Disease ● ●

Congenital heart disease or congenital heart defect is an abnormality of the heart present at birth.

It is the problem in the structure of the heart of new born baby at birth.

★ Pericardial Diseases ● ●

These are the diseases that occurs on the Pericardium.

It includes the disorders like pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis.

★ Pulmonary Heart Diseases ●

Pulmonary heart disease is the expansion and the failure of right side of the heart due to high blood pressure in the lungs.

Disorders In Heart Blood Vessels ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Arteriosclerosis or Atherosclerosis High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stroke Varicose Veins Lymphedema Venous Thrombosis Vasculitis

Diagnostic Tests For Heart Diseases ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Chest X-Rays Cardiac CT Scan MRI Scan Ultrasound Scan Echocardiography Electrocardiogram Holter Monitor Imaging Tests Stress Tests

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