PGN_SUM.25 DIGITAL EDITION

pro grow news Summer 2025 www.mnla.com

Down to Earth 2025 The Garden Labyrinth Revival Structures That Define the Garden

Life Embraced Outdoors

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contents

Features 10 Member Spotlight: Wagon Wheel Nursery and Farmstand 14 The Garden Labyrinth Revival 21 Down to Earth 2025 24 Spheres of Influence 28 Structures that Define the Garden 34 An Arborist’s View on Summer Storms 36 Native Shrubs: For Bees and Butterflies 43 ‘Misty Blue’ White Baneberry

Departments 6 President’s Message 7 Member Spotlight 8 Committee Reports 11 In Memoriam — James McManus, MCH 42 In Memoriam — Thomas Bradley, MCH 44 Advertisers Index 46 Plant for Success —

‘Fuji Blue’ Dragon Head On the cover — Alliums aplenty Photo by: Steve Davis, MCH, Bigelow Nurseries Summer|2025

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pro grow news Summer 2025

committees

board PRESIDENT Kerry Preston, MCH Wisteria & Rose, Inc. (617) 522-3843

EDUCATION & RESEARCH COMMITTEE Deborah Trickett, MCH The Captured Gardens (781) 329-9698

VICE PRESIDENT David Vetelino, MCH Vetelino Lanscape Inc. Tel: (781) 826-0004

FINANCIAL COMMITTEE (FINCOM) Steve Corrigan, MCH — Chair Mountain View Landscapes & Lawncare, Inc. Tel: (413) 536-7555

SECRETARY/TREASURER Dave Anderson Mayer Tree Tel: (978) 768-6999

GOVERNMENT RELATIONS COMMITTEE

PAST PRESIDENT Chris O’Brien, MCH Howard Designs, Inc. Tel: (617) 244-7269 DIRECTORS Steve Davis, MCH Bigelow Nurseries, Inc Laura DiCarlo, MCH Cavicchio Greenhouses, Inc. Justin Mortensen Farm Credit East Patrick Parent Mahoney’s Garden Centers

Chris O’Brien, MCH Howard Designs, Inc. Tel: (617) 244-7269 HISTORY COMMITTEE

MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE David Ahronian, MCH - Chair Ahronian Landscape & Design, Inc. (508) 429-3844 Dave Anderson - Vice Chair Mayer Tree Tel: (978) 768-6999

PUBLICATIONS: Editor in Chief: Rena Sumner MNLA Reporter: Amber Ahronian Advisors: Amber Ahronian, MCH, Rick Reuland, Trevor Smith MCH, Beverly Sturtevant

Philip Boucher, MCH — Chair Elysian Garden Designs Tel: (508) 695-9630

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Skott Rebello, MCH — Vice Chair Harborside P.S. Tel: (508) 994-9208

Rena M. Sumner Tel: (413) 369-4731 mnlaoffice@aol.com

MASSACHUSETTS CERTIFIED HORTICULTURIST BOARD (MCH)

LEGISLATIVE DIRECTOR

Corinne Jean, MCH — Chair Wisteria & Rose (617) 522-3843

John V. Fernandes Attorney at Law John@fplaw.net

Advisor: Jack Elicone, MCH

John R. Elicone Consulting

Kelly Perry, MCH Swan Point Cemetery

pro grow news Massachusetts Nursery & Landscape Association P.O. Box 924 Palmer, MA 01069 mnlaoffice@aol.com www.mnla.com www.mnlafoundation.org

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ProGrowNews is published quarterly by the Massachusetts Nursery & Landscape Association (MNLA), P.O. Box 924, Palmer, MA 01341, tel. (413) 369-4731.

Articles do not necessarily reflect the view or position of MNLA. Editorial coverage or permission to advertise does not constitute endorsement of the company covered or of an advertiser’s products or services, nor does ProGrowNews make any claims or guarantees as to the accuracy or validity of the advertiser’s offer. (c) 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in print or electronically without the express written permission of the MNLA.

www.mnla.com

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President’s Message

Confessions From The Compost Bin: Horticulture Mishaps We All Pretend Don’t Happen

By Kerry Preston, MCH

W

elcome to Episode One of “Plants I wish I Didn’t Buy,” or “Did I Actually Just Pull Up Poison Ivy?” or my favorite, “I Just Hit the Irrigation Line.”

Sound familiar? I don’t think any of us could consider ourselves true professionals without the inevitable ups and downs of working with Mother Nature. She is, by far, the one who will always get the last laugh. A huge truck just pulled up with plants and trees? HA! Let’s turn on the faucet and have flooding rain for a week. Garden tour happening in June. HA again!

Let’s make sure we have a taste of winter; 45 degrees sounds about right. And the best one, “Why did that plant die?” No reason, absolutely no horticultural reason at all.

I have worked in this industry for a long time, and boy, do I have some stories to tell. Rest assured, the best ones do not paint me in a good light. I find the ones I have learned the most from were the most painful. For instance, a River Birch is eating the shed in my backyard. I bought it when it was in the discount pile at the nursery, barely surviving. Twenty-two years later, I can hear the shed creaking and groaning with every gust of wind.

How was I supposed to know it would end up 30 feet tall?!

Or how about the first year I worked for one of my current top clients? She specifically told me she does not like purple, and yet, I proceeded to plant her entire garden in shades of purple. Come to find out, I should have added “strongly dislikes” in front of the one word I wrote down in my notebook: purple. I even underlined it twice.

Don’t get me started about how many jobs I went to and forgot to take a tape measure. I am an expert at guesstimating the size of garden beds by using my forearm or my foot.

In case you were wondering, this never goes well for me.

Add to this incredible act of professionalism when I forget to bring a pencil and paper. Thankfully, I have every app on my

phone that can help me measure, photograph, and keep notes.

Technology has certainly helped me to at least present myself as someone who knows what they are doing.

Anyone else forget to check the weather and get stuck wearing a trash bag as a rainsuit? I like to call it garbage-bag chic; just cut out the arm and head holes and voilà, a perfect solution to a deluge. Bonus points if you can find a bungee cord to make a belt!

I have so many stories to tell about plants I never should have bought, flowers that grew too short, shrubs that grew too tall, trees that were planted and somehow ended up tilted, standing in a huge hole hoping that we could turn that tree just half an inch to the left, shrubs that bloomed a different color than I expected, and my favorite, the plant that died for absolutely no reason.

So why am I telling you all of these stories? Because I want to remind us that as gardeners, we will never be perfect, we will never know all of the answers, we will never design the perfect garden. There is always something to learn, always a new plant to try out, and always a different way of maintaining a tree or shrub. We all have our good stories and our notso-good stories, and as long as we can keep our curiosity alive and our hands in the soil, we are bound to be successful.

Do you have any stories you would like to share? Find me at the Down to Earth Summer Conference & Trade Show on July 24th and let me know about your mishaps and missteps. If it involves a trash-bag rain suit, even better! Until then, keep planting, keep smiling, and cross your fingers for some sunshine.

All my Best, Kerry Preston, MCH MNLA President Wisteria & Rose

Thursday, July 24, 2025 Topsfield Fairgrounds 207 Boston Street Topsfield, Massachusetts

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Committee Reports

MCH Corner —

Spring Awakening:

Gearing Up for the Season Ahead

I

s it May or is it mayhem? Spring always hits like a runaway cart loaded with soil bags — but even in the whirlwind, it’s still my favorite time of year.

You know it’s garden tour season when you’re sprinting between clients, covered in pollen and mulch, and somehow still smiling. I swear half the conversations I’ve had this month have been through open truck windows or while someone is speed-walking with a clipboard. But isn’t it the best? These quick hellos with fellow MCHs — no matter how fleeting — remind me how lucky we are to be in this wild green world together.

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Allium ‘Globemaster

I have always loved Cornus kousa, Kousa dogwood.

The simplicity of the four petals is beautiful. I love the kousa for its long bloom time, and its pest and disease resistance.

And without fail, even our fastest sidewalk catchups always circle back to our current plant obsessions.

“Have you seen that variegated Solomon’s Seal this year?” “I’m telling you, that Allium ‘Globemaster’ is unreal right now.” It’s practically a reflex. So let’s keep it going — don’t forget to send in your plant selfies with a favorite plant this season! We’ll keep awarding a half credit for each one, and it’s a great way to share some joy (and maybe some envy) with the rest of the crew. Happy planting, and see you in the perennial chaos of June!

Corinne Jean, MCH Wisteria & Rose MCH Chair

Variegated Solomon’s Seal www.mnla.com

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Committee Reports

Membership —

Summer Report

A

s you can imagine, the membership committee does most of its work in the fall and winter. We go to trade shows to network with our members and also recruit new members and vendors. Like most of you reading this, we are a little busy in the spring so our activity slows David Anderson down but it doesn’t stop. This is the life we have chosen. We still stay in touch with our members encouraging everyone to be involved and plan to attend the summer conference, while also trying to recruit new vendors and members to attend our signature summer event.

How can our committee help you David Ahronian as a member? Please let us know what MNLA can do better. We are always looking for people to be involved. This is your organization. Please participate and help us make it better. Spread the news about our Down-to-Earth Summer Conference on July 24 at The Topsfield Fairgrounds. Encourage your friends and vendors to attend as well. It’s more fun when you come in a large group to learn and enjoy your organization after the long hard spring. Please introduce yourself to me or the other David A. (Ahronian). We would love to see everyone.

Thanks so much MNLA Members David Ahronian, MCH Ahronian Landscaping and Design, Inc. David Anderson, MCH Mayer Tree Membership Committee Co-chairs

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New Member Spotlight

Member Spotlight—

Wagon Wheel Nursery and Farmstand

by Amber Ahronian

W

hen asked about their company, the Wagon Wheel team first honored the late Jim MacManus, lead landscape designer of Wagon Wheel and former MNLA president. The team noted that Jim devoted 50 years of his life to Wagon Wheel and oversaw the New England Spring Flower Show for the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for many years. Most importantly, they said, his staff was like family to him.

“In Jim’s memory,” they promised, “it is essential to recognize Wagon Wheel’s many efforts and deep dedication to grow the green industry.”

MNLA: Please describe your business.

WWN&F: Wagon Wheel Nursery & Farmstand is a proud third-generation, family-run business based in Lexington, Massachusetts. Since 1952, we’ve served the local community with integrity, expertise, and a deep-rooted passion for the green industry. Our offerings include a full-service garden center, florist, farmstand, and deli, as well as wholesale nursery and landscape supplies and landscape design services. Our wholesale yard, located on Route 2, supplies premium plants and landscaping materials to retail and commercial clients across the region. Wagon Wheel Nursery and Farmstand is currently run by a dedicated team: •

Nick Cannalonga Jr. – President & Co-Owner

•

Larry Cannalonga – Treasurer & Co-Owner

•

Dan Tringale – General Manager

•

Jose Yurrita – Director of Operations, Wholesale Nursery

•

Len Blanchette – Sales Manager & Nurseryman, Wholesale Nursery

generation — Nick Cannalonga, Jr. and Larry Cannalonga — continues to uphold the family legacy, growing the business while staying true to the values we hold dear: quality, service, and community connection.

MNLA: What advice would you give to someone considering this industry for their career?

WWN&F: Lead with passion, because a love for plants, landscaping, and helping people is the heart of this work.

It is important to stay curious in an industry that is constantly evolving and to keep learning and growing. As always, work hard. Success in this field takes physical effort, long days, and dedication — but the rewards are well worth it. One of our biggest insights was to prioritize relationships because strong ties with customers, local suppliers, horticulturists, and arborists are the foundation for a lasting business. To sum it up, it’s critical to be adaptable. Change is constant, and those who evolve with the industry thrive.

MNLA: If you oversaw the whole industry, what would you change?

WWN&F: In recent years, our team has noticed that many nurseries have closed their doors due to a variety of economic and environmental pressures. We believe it’s more important than ever to promote the value of the green industry and educate the next generation on its impact. With passion and resilience, this industry will continue to plant roots for the future.

MNLA: Tell us your company’s origin story. How did you get started in the green industry?

WWN&F: Our story began in 1952, when Vito Cannalonga and Nicholas “Nick” Cannalonga, Sr. founded Wagon Wheel as a landscape company. In 1958, we moved to our current location on Waltham Street in Lexington and added a garden center and nursery. In 1994, the original farmstand was added; it was rebuilt in 2000 as a traditional post-and-beam structure. Today, the third

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In Memoriam James Francis “Jim” McManus

WHEN THE SHIP COMES IN

MNLA Past President | Legacy Member | MNLA Proud

A ship is free sailing Majestic and bright A wonder by day Mystical at night

January 2, 1952 ~ February 14, 2025 (age 73)

The Massachusetts Nursery and Landscape Association (MNLA) remembers with deep appreciation and fondness the life and legacy of Jim McManus, MCH — a dedicated leader, passionate landscape professional, and beloved member of our community.

A proud Massachusetts Certified Horticulturist since 1980, Jim brought professionalism, enthusiasm, and good humor to every role he embraced. Over the years, he served on numerous MNLA committees, lending his voice, time, and expertise to support the advancement of our industry. His commitment to MNLA culminated in his leadership as MNLA President from 1995 to 1996.

Jim’s legacy includes not only his service and dedication, but also the joy and camaraderie he brought to our community. He will forever be remembered for the legendary “illegal putting green” at MNLA’s booth during New England Grows — a creative and unforgettable highlight — along with the more than 500 MNLA logo golf balls he helped distribute, many of which can still be found tucked away in golf bags as a nostalgic reminder of his spirit.

A valued employee of Wagon Wheel Nursery in Lexington, MA, Jim brought his deep green industry knowledge and customerfirst attitude to every project, always representing the best of our profession.

Jim McManus was more than a leader — he was a vibrant presence whose humor, heart, and dedication made MNLA stronger and more connected. He will be missed dearly, but his memory will continue to bring smiles and inspiration to those who had the privilege to know and work alongside him.

Thank you, Jim — for everything Follow this link for Jim’s full obituary. www.macdonaldrockwell.com/obituary/James-McManus

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If your ship doesn’t come in And life seems distraught A friend of mine once told me Wait for it, you must not Pick yourself up Put on a smile Swim out to that ship No matter the mile There on the ship A love may await The swim was worthwhile If you’re not too late Loyalty, trust Compassion and respect Key ingredients of love Nothing small to neglect If your ship should stand still Long enough for you to board Do it with grace And approach with accord Your lives together May never be the same You both long for love The future looks tame Fear not, be brave The threads of life are thin You’ll be rewarded When your ship comes in Written by Jim McManus on 11.29.01

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Summer|2025

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Out of the Ordinary

The Garden Labyrinth

by Mark Dwyer

W

hat do you think of when you hear the word “labyrinth”? As a teenager in the 1980s, I fondly recall the 1986 cinematic classic, Labyrinth, directed by Jim Henson, produced by George Lucas and starring David Bowie and Jennifer Connelly. Perhaps you harken back to early classwork covering Greek mythology with the reference to the labyrinth that Deadalus constructed to hold the Minotaur (later slain by Theseus). It wasn’t until many years later that I began to appreciate the labyrinth as an immersive and popular garden feature.

With 4,000 years of history and a notable resurgence in interest, the walking labyrinth, featuring distinct patterns and symmetry, is finding an increasingly receptive audience of interested users in both interior and exterior (garden) situations. Labyrinths are being built at hospitals, churches, wellness centers, playgrounds, corporate settings, prisons and even in residential settings. Understanding the historical appeal and design details of the labyrinth might further bolster the interest and opportunity for their incorporation and use in future design projects.

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In a nutshell, a labyrinth is an intentional, symmetrical pattern (of which there are many) designed and interpreted with select materials to promote a walking journey that encourages quiet reflection, mindfulness, and stress reduction. The beautiful and interesting patterns have existed since ancient times with a worldwide distribution. There has been evidence discovered of labyrinths since 2500 BC in India and some labyrinth remnants in southern Europe have been determined to be 3,000-4,000 years old. Further evidence of ancient labyrinths exists across many cultures including Native Americans. The Gothic Chartres Cathedral in France has a popular floor labyrinth that was created in the 13th century, and while interior labyrinth patterns may consist of mosaic or tile applications, the variety of labyrinth materials utilized in exterior spaces is both diverse and creative.

Designed as a single (unicursal) pathway, the typical labyrinth has one entrance that, after following a path that turns back on itself (circuits), ultimately leads to the labyrinth center. Once the center is reached, the path course is reversed

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Out of the Ordinary to leave the labyrinth. In essence, when a user reaches the center, they have completed half the length of the journey.

It is important to establish that a labyrinth is NOT a maze.

While those terms have been used interchangeably in the past, it’s important to explain the contextual difference in their arrangement and intent. Unlike mazes, labyrinths have no dead ends, complex branching, multiple path choices (multicursal), or trick turns. There is no “navigational challenge” to a labyrinth, and while the clearly demarcated path route winds back and, forth, there is nothing blocking the view of the entire space inhabited by the labyrinth. In any part of the labyrinth, the open view should allow for an appreciation of the observed patterns. The garden maze can (and should) be its own exciting topic!

Circle Gets the Square

Labyrinths are described as having a certain number of circuits, which refers to the number of pathways (turning back on each other) counting from the center, back out to the entrance path and first loop. A labyrinth is also considered left- or right-handed as defined by the first turn when entering. Most of the labyrinths I’ve observed are circular in arrangement although square designs are not uncommon.

Notably, path width throughout any labyrinth design is usu-

ally the same dimension over the course of the entire walking journey. Some labyrinths have paths wide enough to accommodate wheelchairs, particularly when the circuits are separated by plant material. However, patterned paths on labyrinths that are entirely hardscape materials, allow the route to be followed or straddled by users of variable mobility.

I’ve walked many labyrinths over the years and in fact, have never encountered a labyrinth that I haven’t experienced personally and enjoyed. Now, did I have a spiritual transformation when traversing the labyrinth? I don’t think so. However, I did enjoy following the pattern and found myself relaxing as I focused on the pattern in front of me and ended up in the center before reversing course. Many labyrinth users report a quieting of the mind, slower breathing, and an increased sense of balance and well-being as time seems to stretch out with this centering experience.

Labyrinth proponents suggest that since you can’t get lost, you have to be “in the moment” when walking the paths, and that’s when the mindfulness is maximized.

Over the years, I have incorporated two labyrinths into larger garden designs that continue to be used frequently.

Both of these labyrinths are in public garden settings and are inviting in their symmetry and engage the curiosity of visitors. One also doubles as multi-use space for gatherings

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Out of the Ordinary or smaller events independent of supporting the traditional walking journey.

Additional signage describes the intent of these labyrinths, which again, has long been associated with quieting the mind and increasing centeredness, clarity, peace, and inner reflection. Labyrinth proponents indicate a decrease in agitation, anxiety and stress. I can’t attest to statistical data that confirms the meditative value of walking the labyrinth as it relates to calm and focus but many additionally claim a renewed spirituality and positive sense of well-being.

As a personal observation, I’ve never seen a child of any age not interested in exuberantly following the pattern of a labyrinth!

A quick Google search of the topic will reveal an amazing array of labyrinth designs and materials for consideration.

There are also businesses dedicated to supporting labyrinth construction by supplying plans and ready-to-assemble labyrinth kits for even large installations. Some labyrinths are meant to

be temporary and might include mown patterns in turf or patterns scratched in sand, for instance. These ephemeral labyrinths are intentionally left to fade away. I’ve even seen temporary labyrinths defined by pumpkins, branches, or candles. Large, fold-out labyrinth patterns on immense drop cloths (roll, stow and go) can be used for those pop-up labyrinth situations. Other constructed labyrinths of rock and stone have lasted millennia, and their distinct patterns and elements of symmetry have stood the test of time. The majority of outdoor labyrinths I’ve encountered are made with colorful brick pavers where the path circuits and center are indicated in one color and everything else is a separate color. There is no shortage of labyrinth designs and material ideas available for those with an interest.

In my community, there are hardscape, walking labyrinths at two area hospitals that are quite popular. The hospital setting labyrinths (pavers) are often used by staff and visitors in a

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Out of the Ordinary healing garden setting. The labyrinth also helps encourage a personal “time out” or intentional exercise by users to include patients. Two businesses in my area that promote wellness also offer small labyrinths that are open for public use. One of these features a turf path with lots of perennials between the paths. I’ve also observed a planted labyrinth in a residential setting that is tastefully designed and maintained. If you’re interested in finding labyrinths near you, check out the Worldwide Labyrinth Locator (https://labyrinthlocator.org/), which is managed by the Labyrinth Society (https://labyrinthsociety.org/), which offers many other great references and information regarding labyrinth history and use.

When you consider that exterior labyrinths have a primary focus on the path pattern itself and materials that allow maximum accessibility, the availability of plantable space can be very limited. However, I’ve seen larger laby-

rinths that, while accommodating the desired path width, have enough space between the circuits to feature plant materials or simply turf. The addition of

plants, of course, necessitates additional maintenance considerations like watering and weeding but can add another dimension of interest. I’ve heard of lavender labyrinths that must be divine to traverse

and enjoy that amazing scent!

A valid question regarding constructing a labyrinth is, of course, “If I build it, will they come!?” The labyrinth is not a New Age fad or recent trend. This ancient phenomenon has a long history and again, doesn’t reflect any particular religion or culture. The labyrinth is experiencing a revival and is finding broad appeal from people of all backgrounds and walks of life. Some venues (potential clients) might be considering adding this feature or might appreciate the recommendation. Garden settings of all sorts may have additional potential to incorporate and include this feature, and while some of the perceived benefits associated with experiencing a labyrinth (labyrinth effects) may seem anecdotal, the labyrinth exists to be used and will undoubtably become a magnet of interest in the landscape.

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(CVA) or qualifying Equipment Protection Plan (EPP). Amount of the credit cannot exceed the price of qualifying CVA or EPP. CVA must include 1-year preventative maintenance parts kit, TA1 annual inspection, signed CVA contract and Product Link®. Amount of credit towards CVA or EPP is the same for all models. In some areas, EPP might be sold separately from the CVA. Offer may change without prior notice and cannot be combined with any other offers. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Contact your CAT dealer for details.

Landscape Design

Structures that Define

by Nina A. Koziol

H

ow can you make your clients’ gardens more inviting in 2025? How about giving them a little journey with doorways, halls, and outdoor rooms? Even the smallest urban garden can benefit from thinking inside the box.

Landscape architects and designers view the garden as an extension of the home. Picture it: The dwelling has main entries, hallways, walls, and ceilings. Similar design elements work in the garden.

Inspiration starts with the client — it’s what they’re looking for. Next, look at the home, the architecture, and any clues you can pull off of it. The ultimate goal is to make it look like one cohesive design. Decorative, useful structures can take a project up a few notches, not to mention your bottomline. Let’s explore.

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Arbor Arbors act as doorways. They’ve been around for a long time.

In 1828, Webster’s dictionary defined an arbor as a lattice frame covered with vegetation. Back then, it could be anything from the forked locust limbs in Thomas Jefferson’s garden to the finished wood used in the arbors attached to fancy cottages during the Civil War. Today, arbors are generally made from wood, metal, brick, stone, plastic, or a combination of materials. The top may be flat or arched. The structure can be contemporary, formal, or rustic with cross beams in a variety of patterns. Arbors — with or without a gate — are useful in tight, narrow spaces found in urban side yards, or as an entry point that leads onto a meandering path.

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the Garden Pergola

Pergolas are essentially elongated arbors, basically covering a walkway to another part of the garden. They can be larger structures covering a patio or a deck. They can be freestanding or attached to an exterior wall. The top, which serves as a ceiling, is often a series of slats or latticework that provides partial shade.

Like arbors, pergolas are suitable for growing, climbing, twining, clinging, or trailing plants. The motorized pergolas that open and close are very cool because you can let the sun in when you want and then close them down. I’ve seen a few of them. You have to be careful with the snow loads, but they have pretty good technology.

Summer|2025

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Landscape Design Trellis

A trellis is another design element that can support climbing plants, or it can simply stand alone as a decorative feature. Placed against a house, a garage, a fence, or set in a border, a trellis is a multi-purpose vertical element. They can screen a view or delineate a space.

There’s often an opportunity to use at least one trellis in a narrow border. One or more large trellis panels can be used to create free-standing walls — an outdoor room — and provide privacy without creating a claustrophobic feeling. Trellis panels can screen a less-than-desirable view by distracting the eye, rather than blocking the view. And trellises, unlike solid fences, are neighbor-friendly. With custom-made trellises you can pick out elements on the home’s architecture. If the windows have rectangular or square panes, you can repeat those elements in the trellis to tie things together.

Ramada

A ramada is typically a rectangular or square open structure with a solid roof. Unlike an open-ceiling pergola, a ramada provides some protection from the elements and provides shade. I’ve seen more of these in recent years as families want to entertain or spend time outside grilling or watching a game without worrying about the weather. A ramada may be used over an outdoor kitchen to protect the appliances — and the chef.

Gazebo

Like the ramada, a gazebo has a solid roof. It can be any shape, but gazebos are typically round or octagonal. Some gazebos have screens on the windows and doors, but with glass windows, they can be used practically throughout the year. Add a heater or a fan, and it becomes a multi-season outdoor room for entertaining, cheering on a team, reading a book, or just relaxing.

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Landscape Design Obelisks and Tuteurs

Obelisks and tuteurs are vertical supports with three or four sides. They also serve as a piece of art, simply set in a border as a focal point. They add that elegant focal point in the formal beds.

Like trellises, tuteurs and obelisks make use of space in a small garden or a large border. They can be made from wood, metal, or resin. Some rustic-type tuteurs are made from branches and twigs.

Obelisks have a variety of shapes and sizes, but they typically are rounded at the top. Tuteurs tend to be three- or foursided, wider at the base than at the top, and pointed.

Little features like this can bring another dimension to the garden, otherwise it’s just a big garden bed. A lot of work is primarily a collaboration with the landscape architect or designer. They may have a design in mind, and it can be refined and built as needed.

Think It Through

All of these elements serve different purposes. Before you dive in, think about how your clients will use the structure.

Do they want protection from rain or sun?

A secure place to watch football games?

Do you need to screen a funky view, such as garbage cans or a dog run?

Consider the material and what works best — metal, resin, wood, or stone, or a combination. Take a cue from the home’s architecture and materials. If the trim is all white, a white arbor, gate, pergola or trellis can tie the space together. If the patio furniture is metal, you may want to use metal arbors or pergolas for continuity. Here’s to the journey in your clients’ gardens this year.

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An Arborist’s View

Summer Storms

By Dave Anderson, MCH Mayer Tree

W

e all love the summer. Warmer weather, the kids are out of school, camping trips, beach days, and vacation getaways. The possibilities are endless and almost as fun as the nostalgic feelings we get remembering our childhood. Remember playing in the rain? The sudden rain shower was a refreshing break from the hot sun, even if the thunder and lightning were scarier than we would admit.

Getting drenched was part of the summer fun. We all remember our anxious parents screaming at us to come in out of the rain, worried we would be hit by lightning.

As adults, the storms are not quite as fun and can cause damage, especially to our trees.

Trees are vulnerable to summer storms for many reasons.

• The trees are still growing. Plants grow the most in the spring, so in the summer, trees are still awkward and heavy. This lush new growth makes the trees more vulnerable to wind.

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• Summer storms caused by a rapid change in temperature cause violent bursts of wind, rain, and lightning.

This usually happens when a cold front slams into a warm front.

• If the trees are drought-stressed, the wood and roots will be more brittle and likely to break. If there are long periods of rain before the heavy winds come, the roots have a more difficult time staying anchored in the muddy, saturated soil.

• Trees can have existing cavities, structural defects, and decay. The most dangerous tree is a tree that looks healthy and is still actively growing on a compromised infrastructure. Storms are exceptional at finding the weak spot, causing devastation. You don’t want to find these defects the hard way.

Being proactive is the best way to keep your trees healthy and safe.

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Native Knowledge

Problem Solving Native Shrubs: For Bees and Butterflies

By Heather Prince

A

shrubbery! Often a solution to homeowners and commercial sites, a line or grouping of shrubs offer structure, screening, and more. Native shrubs can offer additional benefits for clients interested in cultivating landscapes for wildlife. In this three-part series, we’ll look at species for pollinators, birds, and autumn splendor. Take a wander through these species chosen for their attractiveness to pollinators. Because these plants are frequently used as larval hosts as well as sources for nectar, expect some holes in the foliage. As you pull together plant lists, take a look at these hard-working

native shrubs to add layers of diversity, fall color, and food for our animal compatriots.

For the Bees and Butterflies

What can be more charming than a garden filled with bees and butterflies? When crafting pollinator gardens, most designers go to the perennial palette for nectar plants or long-blooming annuals. However, many of our shrubs serve as larval hosts for a diverse range of Lepidoptera. Of course, they have flowers for nectar, too, but consider these six selections when building mixed hedges, lush borders, or subtle specimens.

Ceanothus americanus or New Jersey tea One of our smallest deciduous native shrubs, they only reach about 3 feet by 3 feet. Its compact rounded habit means it fits deftly into mixed perennial designs.

The fragrant white flower clusters bloom May into June, bridging the spring/summer flower gap. Their deceptively delicate texture allows the blossoms to weave into perennial vignettes that were traditionally used as a mild soap. The flowers will attract myriad pollinators while the shiny green leaves will be enjoyed by a long list of moth and butterfly caterpillars. The foliage has been traditionally brewed into a healthful tea. New Jersey tea does best in drier, rocky, or gravelly sites where it will have good drainage in full sun.

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Cephalanthus occidentalis or Buttonbush Buttonbush thrives with wet feet. If you’re designing for a pond, creek, or rain garden, it will cheerfully dwell in the wet spot of the yard with at least a half day of sun.

There are a few cultivars selected for a more compact size and shape, and they’ll still do the important job of supporting pollinators. The golf-ball flowers in June into July will be swarming with small pollinators before they become reddish seeds sought after by birds. This long-blooming shrub makes an excellent option for clients interested in diverse pollinating insects as it is usually always active with a wide array of insects. Expect nibbling from buttonbush sphinx moths as well.

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Native Knowledge Lindera benzoin or Spicebush An edge-of-the-woodland shrub, spicebush can be an interesting replacement for viburnum suffering from viburnum leaf beetle. Topping out around 8 feet, this loose-limbed shrub blooms with starry, softyellow lightly fragrant flower clusters towards the end of March in time for newly awakened bees. It is a welcome sight after a long winter, so plant where it can be viewed from windows. If you plant more than one, bright red berries will be enjoyed by birds before the foliage turns brilliant gold in the fall. It gets its common name from the fact that all the plant parts emit a spicy fragrance when bruised. Spicebush is also the larval host for two showy moths — ­ tulip tree beauty and promethea as well as the darkly beautiful spicebush swallowtail butterfly.

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Rhus glabra or Smooth Sumac Sumac is a shrub that grows big suckers to make itself new friends, and rewards us with spectacular fall color. Weave its pinnately compound foliage through a mixed hedge or prune it artfully into a dramatic specimen. The large leaves are a clean green with a whitish underside, making it ornamental when wind-tossed.

Smooth sumac reaches 10 to 12 feet and can hang out in the background before lighting up the landscape in a blaze of orange-red autumn color. Fluffy greenish flowers become rich red clusters of fruit late in the season enjoyed by wildlife. Expect a bevy of moths to dine on the foliage as well as spring/summer azure and red-banded hairstreak butterflies.

Native Knowledge Spiraea alba or Meadowsweet One of two native spireas, meadowsweet prefers full sun and moist to wet soils. It has a loose, arching habit, small rounded lanceolate leaves, and will sucker a bit in the right conditions. Showy clusters of white flowers appear in July to the delight of myriad small pollinators. A long list of moth species uses it as a larval host including Isabella tiger moth whose charismatic wooly bear caterpillar is a beloved garden visitor. Weave this easy-going shrub into hedges that receive irrigation or dot it through an oldfashioned perennial border. Fall color is golden to apricot and blends easily with grasses, asters, coneflower, and goldenrods.

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Rosa spp. or Roses Native roses bloom once in June, but will continue to reward with showy hips and excellent fall color. From 3-foot pasture rose to 12-foot climbing wild rose, in general, these easy-going shrubs prefer average soils and full sun. Brightpink single flowers will be busy with bees, including a specialist, before turning into ornamental orange to red rose hips for fall garden vignettes. Many species of moths use native roses as larval hosts, so expect some ragged leaves here and there. Plant these roses in cottage gardens, mixed borders, or scrambling up a trellis. Their cheerful flowers are edible and can be added to summer salads or be made into potpourri.

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In Memoriam Thomas W. Bradley, MCH July 1, 1952 - May 11, 2025 (age 73) MNLA Past President The Massachusetts Nursery and Landscape Association (MNLA) mourns the loss of Thomas W. Bradley, MCH — a devoted leader, talented artist, and passionate horticulturist whose legacy will continue to inspire generations to come.

Tom served as MNLA President from 2009 to 2010 and remained a steadfast supporter of the Association long after his presidency. His contributions on the Government Relations Committee and his consistent support of MNLA programs and events exemplify the values of service and dedication that he championed throughout his life.

Earning his Massachusetts Certified Horticulturist (MCH) designation in 1981, Tom proudly held this distinction for more than 44 years.

His expertise and commitment to the horticultural profession elevated not only his own work but also the broader green industry community across the Commonwealth. Tom worked for

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Emanouil, Inc. where he was a dedicated employee for 35 years, serving as the Lead Estimator and Vice President.

Beyond his leadership and horticultural accomplishments, Tom shared his immense artistic talent with the MNLA family. His beautifully framed pastel paintings, donated to honor recipients of MNLA’s most prestigious awards, have become cherished symbols of excellence. His artwork brought a unique warmth and beauty to our recognitions, making each award truly memorable.

You can explore Tom’s enduring artistic legacy at www.thomasbradleypastels.com, where his love for nature continues to shine through every piece.

Tom Bradley’s passion, generosity, and artistry have left an indelible mark on MNLA. We are deeply grateful for his years of service and friendship. He was, and always will be, MNLA Proud.

Follow this link for Tom’s full obituary: www.haysfuneralhome.com/obituaries/ Thomas-W-Bradley?obId=42510204.

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Before You Go...

‘Misty Blue’ White Baneberry— Native Marvel

by Mark Dwyer

A

s we often delve into design ideas and plant possibilities for clients with shadier gardens, we appreciate that foliage color and texture are paramount for the success of these combinations.

Considering soil features, available moisture, root competition etc... are all part of this equation, but the exciting plant opportunities are myriad. Native options are always worthy of further exploration and consideration. While our shade plant palettes already include some garden stalwarts like hostas, ferns, barrenworts (Epimedium), lungworts (Pulmonaria), hellebores, and sedges (Carex), a varietal selection of our native white baneberry (Actaea pachypoda) called ‘Misty Blue’ reveals itself as a major role-player in the shady landscape for the entire growing season.

The straight species of the native white baneberry (Actaea pachypoda) already offers nice flowers, textural green foliage and showy white fruits (poisonous) in later summer. However, the selection of

Summer|2025

‘Misty Blue’ was introduced in 2009 by the Mt. Cuba Center (Hockessin, DE) for the notably glaucous, pewter-blue foliage exhibited on the deeply cut, compound leaves. Dr. Richard Lighty, former Director at the Mt. Cuba Center, observed this atypical blue foliage, and ‘Misty Blue’ continues to find advocates and fans who are able to observe it in cultivation.

Hardy in USDA Zones 3-8, this perennial prefers slightly acidic, moist (not soggy) and highly organic soil in dappled shade.

Reaching 24-36” in height and width, it is an excellent understory plant and can even tolerate deep shade.

With an upright, spreading habit, this selection is excellent as a single element, repeated throughout the landscape, or in larger groupings. The finely cut, silveryblue foliage is notable and offers a pastel blue tint to the composition. I noted some great specimens of this plant on Evening Island at the Chicago Botanic Garden from a distance. The lightly-scented white flowers, appearing as feathery and

delicate bottle-brush-like inflorescences, appear in late spring and last until early summer. Bees and butterflies will be attracted to these flowers.

However, later in the season, clusters of white berries, each with a distinctive black spot at the tip, catch the eye as they are arranged on bright, magentacolored pedicels for 4-6 weeks of showy impact into early fall. The white fruiting clusters held above the blue foliage is pure design poetry! These fruits (poisonous) encourage the common name of Doll’s Eyes! Resistant to rabbits, deer and slugs, white baneberry has no notable insect or disease problems. The only downside to ‘Misty Blue’ white baneberry is the challenge of sourcing it in quantity.

Demand likely continues to outpace supply at this point in time. This hardy, unique and unquestioningly beautiful perennial should be used more for its lengthy ornamental contributions and endless combination potential.

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My Favorite Plant

Dracocephalum argunense ‘Fuji Blue’ ‘Fuji Blue’ Dragon Head Why This Plant Shines Dracocephalum argunense, or ‘Fuji Blue’ Dragon Head, is a fantastic plant for the modern gardener, with large clusters of electric-blue and violet blooms on a creeping rosemary-like appearance. It works as a great complement to any full sun drought-tolerant garden. It is a reliable choice in curbside/island plantings in urban settings. A great feature in sunny walkways, and truly low maintenance, it does seem to perform better with regular watering and more sun in terms of spreading and bloom count.

In mass plantings, it can be a great ground cover. The vibrancy of the blooms is a moment to really cherish and adds value with its striking color, particularly softening certain shades of purple and bringing out the taller yellows that many summer gardens boast. Its dark-green, acicular foliage grants a unique perennial juniper-like appearance that contrasts and interacts well with perennials such as Shasta daisies, false sunflowers, and daylilies as well as specialty conifers.

I find it to be a refreshing replacement to mounding sedums or creeping thyme, yet it also works well with these plants. The basal foliage is also evergreen, and its sparse winter form (if left) is a thoughtful space saver with dark stems that offset nicely against light snowfall. It can also tolerate some organic winter coverage, unlike many other xeric plants.

Scientific Name: Dracocephalum argunense ‘Fuji Blue’ Common Name: ‘Fuji Blue’ Dragon Head Exposure: Full sun Plant Type: Semi-Evergreen Size: 1 ft / Width, 1-2 ft Soil: Scree, rocky, sandy, excellent Zone: 4 to 8 Growth Rate: Average

Facts and Features Dracocephalum argunense is native to China. It’s a lowmounded sprawling perennial that is best adapted to rocky and sunny well-drained locations. This spreading snapdragon look-a-like is in a blue hue and proves hardier. It’s happy in part sun as well and has some striking appeal to its summertime blooms. Dracocephalum flowers from May to July and unfortunately is prone to rabbit damage, though not their favorite. It is best to apply a granular animal repellent in early spring around the base of the perennial and to spray its buds and foliage after the granular wears off. It features single or multiple trunks with peeling grey bark. The seedpods can be eaten raw or cooked, or they cling to the tree through the winter like papery ornaments.

Joseph Bobick, MCH Pemberton Garden Services Inc, Cambridge MA

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