President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf November 6, 2010
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letter from the e xecutive director
letter from the
Executive Director Welcome to the first program of the 25th season of The Richmond Forum! For a quarter-century, the leaders from the world stage have been stepping onto our stage—to expand horizons, stimulate conversation, and inspire our community. Tonight, we are excited to kick off this milestone season by presenting Her Excellency President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia, the first-ever sitting head of state to visit The Richmond Forum. There are many people to thank for their involvement in tonight’s program. Thank you to Paul Levengood and Nelson Lankford at the Virginia Historical Society for eagerly jumping at the opportunity to partner with us to produce a special Banner Lecture focused on the role of black and white Virginians in the founding of Liberia. Our Commonwealth shares a unique and historic bond with the Republic of Liberia, a fact little known by many of our citizens today. Thank you to historian Marie Tyler-McGraw, who presented the Banner Lecture based on the research compiled for her 2007 book, An African Republic. Thank you to all of you who attended this special supplemental program at the Virginia Historical Society to broaden your appreciation of tonight’s program. Thank you to the Community Idea Stations for airing the award-winning documentary, Iron Ladies of Liberia in recent weeks to provide you with another opportunity to wrap some context around tonight’s program. This film followed President Sirleaf during her first year in office and showed the challenges she faces in restoring her nation after 14 years of brutal civil war.
Thank you to Richmond-based ChildFund International, which has been working in Liberia since 2003 and provided photos for our stage and program book tonight. Thank you to the members of our local Liberian community who stepped forward with great eagerness, warmth and pride to support our efforts tonight. The Liberian community here is small and young; many fled Liberia during the war and came here to attend college. Now they are raising their families here. I can tell you that they are so very proud and excited to see President Sirleaf visit Richmond and to see Richmonders have this opportunity to learn about their home country. Thank you to Ida Daniels, better known as Chef Ma-Musu, who feted our sponsors and special guests with an authentic Liberian dinner earlier tonight. Thank you to Antoinette Essa. You know her from WTVR CBS 6, but you may not know that she was born and raised in Liberia. For the first time since leaving in 1977, Antoinette will be returning to Monrovia next month and blogging about her visit on The Richmond Forum website. We hope you will follow her reports. Above all, thank you to President Sirleaf for joining us tonight to present her perspective on Africa and its place in the world. We look forward to a program rich in opportunities to expand our understanding of a part of the world that is too often overlooked. We hope that you enjoy your evening and find plenty to talk about in the morning. Bill Chapman bill@richmondforum.org
Africa and its Place in the World November 6, 2010
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Opening program Liberian National Anthem U.S. National Anthem Opening remarks
Welcome and introduction of tonight’s speaker
Ban Caribe The Rev. Andrew Momolue Diggs Buela Carey-Nagbe Bill Chapman Executive Director The Richmond Forum The Honorable Dwight C. Jones Mayor City of Richmond
Presentation
Her Excellency President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Intermission
Fifteen Minute Intermission for Collection of Audience Questions
Remarks and introduction
Mr. Chapman
of tonight’s moderator Audience Questions Closing Remarks
President Sirleaf and Dr. Christopher B. Howard Mr. Chapman
Tonight’s presentation may not be recorded or photographed by any means for any purpose. The Forum’s publications are printed by B&B Printing.
tonight ’s pr ogra m
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
When Ellen Johnson was just a baby, an old man in the neighborhood pronounced, “This child shall be great.” Although she and her siblings would often giggle as the story was recounted, the words proved prophetic. Young Ellen grew up to become the African continent’s first elected woman president, indeed the world’s first elected female black head of state. In a nation where ethnicity matters, Ellen Johnson was born half Gola (a tribal people from western Liberia), a quarter Kru (a tribe from the Liberian interior), and a quarter German. Both of her parents were born into poverty and sent to Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, where they were raised by Americo-Liberian families— descendants of the freed American slaves who colonized Liberia in the 19th century and who themselves oppressed many of the indigenous peoples. While not a member of the AmericoLiberian elite by ancestry, Ellen enjoyed the benefits of an education not available to most indigenous Liberian children. After marriage at the age of seventeen to James Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf traveled to America to study, receiving a B.A. in accounting from University of Wisconsin, an economics diploma from University of Colorado and a master’s degree in public administration from Harvard in 1971. She then returned to Liberia to work in President William Tolbert’s administration, ultimately serving in his cabinet as Minister of Finance. During the 1970s, life under Liberia’s one-party, pro-Americo-Liberian state became increasingly polarized. In 1980, Samuel Doe, a member of the indigenous Krahn ethnic group, seized power in a bloody military coup in which President Tolbert was assassinated
and 13 members of the cabinet were executed. Sirleaf escaped into exile in Kenya, and Liberia fell into a civil war that would claim hundreds of thousands of lives over the next 20 years and devastate the country’s economy. In 1985, Sirleaf returned to Liberia to run as the vice presidential candidate on a ticket opposing Doe. She was immediately placed under arrest for a speech delivered in Philadelphia in which she was critical of Doe. She was sentenced to ten years in prison but released a short time later. Sirleaf returned to the campaign, this time running for the Senate. She won the election but refused to take her seat, protesting Doe’s fraudulent victory in the presidential election. She was again imprisoned for sedition, this time serving eight months. Upon her release, she returned to the United States where she lived in Alexandria, Virginia, and worked as an economist for the World Bank and as the director of the United Nations Regional Bureau for Africa. In 1990, Samuel Doe was overthrown in a coup led by Charles Taylor, whom Sirleaf initially supported but soon came to oppose. In 1997, she returned to Liberia to run against Taylor for president, but she lost. Sirleaf continued to fight for the removal of Taylor until, under mounting international pressure and charges of “crimes against humanity,” Taylor resigned in 2003. Sirleaf played an active role in the transitional government as the Continued
tonight ’s speaker
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
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Sirleaf in its list of ten global leaders who have “managed to win serious respect,” dubbing her “the Rebuilder.” Since taking office, Sirleaf has preserved the peace while working aggressively to restore Liberia’s world image and secure forgiveness of the overwhelming international debt that would otherwise prohibit the rebuilding of the nation. Her leadership style is reflected in the two affectionate nicknames given her by the Liberian people: “Iron Lady” and “Ma.” Earlier this year, she announced that she will seek a second term in 2011. Her 2009 memoir, This Child Will be Great, is dedicated to “all the people of Liberia who have suffered so much and now look forward to reclaiming the future.” President Sirleaf is the first-ever sitting head of state to address The Richmond Forum.
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tonight ’s speaker (continued)
country prepared for elections in 2005. She entered the election and successfully campaigned for president on a vision of peace and national renewal. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and First Lady Laura Bush attended Sirleaf’s inauguration in 2006 as she took over leadership of one of the world’s poorest nations, with 85% unemployment, a crippling national debt, and a seeming hair trigger that could plunge the nation back into bloodshed. In November 2007, President George W. Bush awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, saying, “When tyrannies fall, it’s often the prisoners and exiles who are called forth to lead their people.” Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair has called Sirleaf “one of Africa’s most inspiring and visionary leaders.” In August, Newsweek included President
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Tonight’s moderator, Dr. Christopher B. Howard, is the President of Hampden-Sydney College in Farmville, Virginia and is one of the youngest college presidents in America. Dr. Howard is a distinguished graduate of the United States Air Force Academy, where he earned a B.S. in political science and received the Campbell Award (previously known as the Draddy Award), the highest academic award in the country presented to a senior football player. A Rhodes Scholar, he earned his doctorate in politics at Oxford University and his M.B.A. with distinction from the Harvard Business School. Prior to his appointment as President of Hampden-Sydney in 2009, Dr. Howard served
as Vice President for Leadership & Strategic Initiatives at the University of Oklahoma, where he also served as the Director of the Honors College Leadership Center and a President’s Associates Presidential Professor. In 2010, Dr. Howard was named an African-American Trailblazer in Virginia History by the Library of Virginia. Dr. Howard has co-authored, with David Snider, Money Makers: Inside the New World of Finance and Business. An Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, Dr. Howard was called to active duty during 2003 in Afghanistan, where he was awarded a Bronze Star. He currently serves as the Reserve Air Attaché to Liberia. Dr. Howard is married to the former Miss Barbara Noble of Johannesburg, South Africa. They have two sons: Cohen and Joshua.
Ban Caribe Ban Caribe is an Afro-based music ensemble that tonight will be performing music closely related to the African Highlife music popular in West Africa and Liberia. Highlife originated in Ghana in the 1920s, blending European and Caribbean influences with the African rhythms of Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone. Ban Caribe will play a variety of instruments tonight, including the shekere (a gourd with beads woven into a net), maracas, conga drums, claves (two wooden sticks used for percussion), timbales (two tom-toms of differing pitch), bongos, and a marimba (a piano-like instrument with wooden bars). Ban Caribe is led by Kevin Davis, who currently serves on the faculty at the University
of Virginia, teaching percussion. He is a cofounder of the World Beat Workshop, a Guest Artist for the Virginia Commission for the Arts, and has participated with Young Audiences Arts for Learning of Virginia Kevin Davis and performed for youth throughout the East Coast and in Hawaii. Ban Caribe is the 2006 winner of the Virginia Commonwealth University Theresa Pollak Prize for Excellence in the Arts. Tonight’s musical performance is made possible by the generous support of Moore Cadillac Company.
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On behalf of the officers and members of the Liberian Association of Virginia (LAVA), it is our honor to join The Richmond Forum in welcoming Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of the Republic of Liberia, to Richmond, Virginia. Established in 1976, LAVA is a nonprofit, non-political, non-partisan organization headquartered in Richmond. LAVA focuses on three key areas: education, economic development and empowerment, and promotion of the Liberian social and cultural experience. LAVA has been a unifying vehicle for Liberians and friends of Liberia living in Virginia. Over the last decade, LAVA’s membership has grown significantly as many Liberian immigrants fleeing Liberia’s 14 years of civil war have embraced Virginia as their “home away from home.” Madame President, we’re excited and energized by your visit to Richmond for three reasons. First, it coincides with LAVA’s year-long celebration of the life and works of Liberia’s first president, Joseph Jenkins Roberts of Virginia, and the deep historical ties between Liberia and
this great Commonwealth. Second, your four decades of dedicated public service and astute leadership as the “people’s servant” have been marked by vitality, innovation and a desire to make life better for every Liberian. Third, your selection by and appearance at The Richmond Forum mark the first time that a sitting head of state has been afforded this honor. As you continue to pull Liberia out of the “ashes” of civil war and onto a path of growth and prosperity, it is LAVA’s commitment to be a constant partner with you in this process. Again, on behalf of LAVA and all Virginians, we say to you and your delegation in our Liberian vernacular—“welcome ya.” Levi R. Johnson Interim President, LAVA
Ma-Musu’s Africanne on Main At the heart of a small but warm Liberian community in Richmond is the traditional Liberian cooking of Ida Daniels, better known as Chef Ma-Musu. Located at the corner of 2nd and Main, Ma-Musu’s Africanne serves staple West African dishes such as spicy jollof rice, palm butter stew, Liberian pepper soup, cassava leaf and plantains. The influence of the freed slaves
who emigrated to Liberia from America can also be seen in typical Southern favorites like collards, okra and cornbread. Top it all off with a ginger root tea. Ida learned to cook from her grandmother in Liberia, and today she enjoys sharing her heritage and cooking with Richmonders. We thank Chef Ma-Musu for her support of our program tonight.
the liberian communit y in central virginia
“Welcome Ya”
history of liberia
History of Liberia
Portuguese explorers established contacts with Liberia as early as 1461 and named the area the Grain Coast because of the abundance of “grains of paradise” (Malegueta pepper seeds). In 1663, the British installed trading posts on the Grain Coast, but the Dutch destroyed these posts a year later. There were no further reports of European settlements along the Grain Coast until the arrival of freed slaves in the early 1800s. Liberia, “land of the free,” was founded by free African-Americans and freed slaves from the United States in 1820. An initial group of 86 immigrants, who came to be called Americo-Liberians, established a settlement in Christopolis (now Monrovia, named after U.S. President James Monroe) on February 6, 1820. The drive to resettle freed slaves in Africa was promoted by the American Colonization Society (ACS), an organization of white clergymen, abolitionists, and slave owners founded in 1816. Between 1821 and 1867 the ACS resettled some 10,000 African-Americans and several thousand Africans from interdicted slave ships; it governed the colony until it declared its independence as the Republic of Liberia on July 26, 1847. In Liberia’s early years, the AmericoLiberian settlers periodically encountered stiff and sometimes violent opposition from indigenous Africans, who were excluded from
citizenship in the new Republic until 1904. Politically, the country was a one-party state ruled by the True Whig Party (TWP). Joseph Jenkins Roberts, who was born and raised in Virginia, was Liberia’s first President. The style of government and constitution was fashioned on that of the United States, and the AmericoLiberian elite monopolized political power and restricted the voting rights of the indigenous population. The True Whig Party dominated all sectors of Liberia from independence in 1847 until April 12, 1980, when indigenous Liberian Master Sergeant Samuel K. Doe (from the Krahn ethnic group) seized power in a coup d’etat. Doe’s forces executed President William R. Tolbert and several officials of his government, mostly of Americo-Liberian descent, ending 133 years of Americo-Liberian political domination. Over time, the Doe government began promoting members of Doe’s Krahn ethnic group, who soon dominated political and military life in Liberia. This raised ethnic tensions and caused frequent hostilities between the politically and militarily dominant Krahns and other ethnic groups in the country. After the October 1985 elections, characterized by widespread fraud, Doe solidified his control. The period after the elections saw increased human rights abuses, corruption, and ethnic tensions. The standard
transitional government. A hasty disarmament and demobilization of warring factions was followed by special elections on July 19, 1997. Charles Taylor and his National Patriotic Party emerged victorious. Taylor won the election by a large majority, primarily because Liberians feared a return to war had Taylor lost. For the next six years, the Taylor government did not improve the lives of Liberians. Unemployment and illiteracy stood above 75%, and little investment was made in restoring the country’s war-torn infrastructure. Instead, Taylor supported the Revolutionary United Front in Sierra Leone. Taylor’s misrule led to the resumption of armed rebellion from among Taylor’s former adversaries. By 2003, armed groups called “Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy” (LURD) and “Movement for Democracy in Liberia” (MODEL), largely representing elements of the former ULIMO-K and ULIMO-J factions that fought Taylor during Liberia’s previous civil war (1989-1996), were challenging Taylor and his increasingly fragmented supporters on the outskirts of Monrovia. On June 4, 2003, the Chief Prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone issued a press statement announcing the opening of a sealed March 7, 2003 indictment of Liberian President Charles Taylor for “bearing the greatest responsibility” for atrocities in Sierra Leone since November 1996. In July 2003 the Government of Liberia, LURD, and MODEL signed a cease-fire that all sides failed to respect; bitter fighting reached downtown Monrovia in July and August 2003, creating a massive humanitarian disaster. On August 11, 2003, under intense U.S. and international pressure, President Taylor resigned office and departed Continued
history of liberia (continued)
of living further deteriorated. Despite Doe’s poor human rights record and questionable democratic credentials, he retained close relations with Washington. A staunch U.S. ally, Doe met twice with President Ronald Reagan and enjoyed considerable U.S. financial support. On December 24, 1989, a small band of rebels led by Doe’s former procurement chief, Charles Taylor, invaded Liberia from Cote d’Ivoire. Taylor and his National Patriotic Front rebels rapidly gained the support of many Liberians and reached the outskirts of Monrovia within six months. From 1989 to 1996 one of Africa’s bloodiest civil wars ensued, claiming the lives of more than 200,000 Liberians and displacing a million others into refugee camps in neighboring countries. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened in 1990 and succeeded in preventing Charles Taylor from capturing Monrovia. Prince Johnson—formerly a member of Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL)—formed the break-away Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL). Johnson’s forces captured and killed Doe on September 9, 1990. Taking refuge in Sierra Leone and other neighboring countries, former Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) soldiers founded the new insurgent United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO), fighting back Taylor’s NPFL. An Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU) was formed in Gambia under the auspices of ECOWAS in October 1990, headed by Dr. Amos C. Sawyer. Taylor (along with other Liberian factions) refused to work with the interim government and continued fighting. After more than a dozen peace accords and declining military power, Taylor finally agreed to the formation of a five-man
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history of liberia (continued)
by highly experienced and into exile in Nigeria. This technically competent senior move paved the way for the officials, and the public has deployment by ECOWAS more confidence in her of what became a 3,600administration than in any strong peacekeeping mission of its recent predecessors. in Liberia. On August 18, President Sirleaf enjoys good 2003, leaders from the President George W. Bush awarded the relations with international Liberian Government, the Presidential Medal of Freedom to President organizations and donor rebels, political parties, Sirleaf in 2007. (AP Photo) governments, with whom and civil society signed a comprehensive peace agreement that laid the she is working closely on Liberia’s development. framework for constructing a 2-year National The national legislature has enacted several Transitional Government of Liberia headed by key reforms. A Truth and Reconciliation businessman Charles Gyude Bryant. The UN Commission (TRC) was established in 2005 took over security in Liberia in October 2003, to investigate and report on gross human rights subsuming ECOMIL into the United Nations violations that occurred in Liberia between Mission in Liberia, a force that grew to over January 1979 and October 2003. The TRC’s final, edited report was released in late 2009. 12,000 troops and 1,148 police officers. The Government of Liberia and its The October 11, 2005 presidential and legislative elections and the subsequent partners continue to focus on creating jobs, November 8, 2005 presidential run-off were attracting investment, and providing education the most free, fair, and peaceful elections in and other essential services to Liberia’s Liberia’s history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf defeated communities. The Sirleaf government won international soccer star George Weah 59.4% to substantial donor support for its new poverty 40.6% to become Africa’s first democratically reduction strategy at the June 2008 Liberia elected female president. She was inaugurated Poverty Reduction Forum in Berlin, Germany. in January 2006 and formed a government of In order to maintain stability through the posttechnocrats drawn from among Liberia’s ethnic conflict period, Liberia’s security sector reform groups and including members of the Liberian efforts have led to the disarmament of more than diaspora who had returned to the country to 100,000 ex-combatants, the wholesale U.S.-led rebuild government institutions. The president’s reconstruction of the Armed Forces of Liberia, party, the Unity Party, does not control the and a UN-led effort to overhaul the Liberian legislature, in which nine of the 20 registered National Police. The mandate of UNMIL was extended in September 2009 to September political parties are represented. The political situation has remained stable 2010. A gradual drawdown of troops to 8,200 since the 2005 elections. The Government was expected by May 2010. Liberia’s next presidential election will of Liberia has made positive strides aimed at political stability and economic recovery. take place in 2011. President Sirleaf has taken a public stance Sources: U.S. Department of State and Embassy of against corruption and has dismissed several the Republic of Liberia government officials. The President is supported
The Republic of Liberia Today Geography & People Location: Liberia is situated on the West Coast of Africa, bounded on the west by Sierra Leone, on the north by the Republic of Guinea, on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the east by Cote D’Ivoire. Liberia is slightly larger than Ohio. Capital: Monrovia (pop. 1 million) Terrain: Mangrove swamps and beaches along the coast, wooded hills and semi-deciduous shrub lands along the immediate interior, and dense tropical forests and plateaus in the interior. Liberia has 40% of West Africa’s rain forest. Population: 3.49 million (2008) Official language: English (18 local tribal languages are also spoken.) Religions: Liberia is a Christian state, but Islam has many followers—especially in the north of the country—and tribal religions are practiced in some rural areas. Education: Literacy –50% (2007) Health: Life expectancy is 45 years (2007) Work force: 70% agriculture, 15% industry, 2% services. Employment in the formal sector is estimated at 15%. Ethnic groups: 28 tribes make up Liberia’s indigenous population. The Kpelle in central and western Liberia is the largest ethnic group. Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of
freed slaves that arrived in Liberia after 1820, make up less than 5% of the population. There are also sizeable numbers of Lebanese, Indians and other West Africans who comprise part of Liberia’s business community. The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship to only “people of Negro descent,” and land ownership is restricted by law to citizens. Economy GDP: $836 million (IMF 2009, est.) Real GPD growth rate: 1.2 % (2009, est.) Per capita GDP: $204.74 (2009, est.) Avg. annual inflation: 9.0% (2008, est.) Natural resources: iron ore, rubber, timber, diamonds, gold and tin. Agriculture products: coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, cassava, palm oil, bananas, plantains, citrus, pineapple, sweet potatoes, corn and vegetables Industries: agriculture, iron ore, rubber, forestry, diamonds, gold, beverages, construction Exports: $184.1 million (of which rubber is $170.9 million). Major markets: Germany, Poland, U.S., Greece Imports: $498.7 million (petroleum $125 million, rice $65.3 million) Sources: U.S. Department of State and Embassy of the Republic of Liberia
t he r e p u bl ic of l ibe r i a today
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On January 3, 1848, Joseph Jenkins Roberts took office as the first president of the Republic of Liberia. Born a free man in Norfolk, Virginia in 1809, at a time when most African Americans in Virginia were slaves, Roberts grew up in Norfolk and Petersburg, and worked with his stepfather on a flatboat on the James River. He gained his early education by reading books from the private library of William Colson, a black barber under whom he apprenticed. In 1829, after his stepfather died, Roberts emigrated to Liberia on board the Harriet with his mother, six siblings, and his wife Sarah, who died sometime after their arrival. Liberia, located in western Africa, was founded in the 1820s by the American Colonization Society. Before leaving Norfolk, Roberts entered into a partnership with Colson. In exchange for basic supplies shipped by Colson, Roberts exported ivory, camwood, palm products, and other goods from the Liberian interior. Although Liberia was still a struggling colony when Roberts arrived, he soon settled in and began a successful business. In 1833, he became high sheriff and was responsible for tax collection, he served as the first black governor of the colony of Liberia from 1840 until 1847, and in 1848 he was elected the first president of the new Republic of Liberia. Serving as president twice from 1848 to 1856, and again from 1872 to 1876, Roberts also helped found
Liberia College in 1851, serving as a professor and as the college’s first president. In 1836 he married his second wife, Jane Waring. In many respects, emigrants to Liberia recreated an American society there. The colonists spoke English and retained American manners, dress and housing styles. Affluent citizens constructed two-story houses composed of a stone basement and a wood-framed body with a portico on both the front and rear, a style copied from buildings in the southern American states from which most of the emigrants came. Liberia’s president lived in a handsome stone mansion that resembled a southern plantation house. As president of Liberia, Roberts traveled to Europe and to the United States on diplomatic visits. He was welcomed by Queen Victoria and by Napoleon III. In Virginia, powerful white supporters for colonization hosted Roberts. Joseph Jenkins Roberts died in Liberia on February 24, 1876. Source: www.virginiamemory.com
For more about the role of Virginians in the founding and early history of Liberia, we recommend the book, “An African Republic” by Marie Tyler-McGraw.
l i b e r i a’ s f i r s t p r e s i d e n t
Joseph Jenkins Roberts
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At Altria, we believe that part of being a leader is contributing to the development of those around you. That is why we actively support programs that bring strength, vibrance and diversity to our communities, and improve the quality of life for everyone in the places we call home. The people of the Altria family of companies thank The Richmond Forum for their dedication and commitment to our families, neighbors and friends.
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Pioneers in the science of
pain John M. Barsanti, M.D.
Practitioners in the science of Stephen P. Long, M.D.
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Being a part of the community. It takes more than having a branch here.
Shelly Smith, N.P.
Commonwealth Pain specialists
1501 Maple Avenue, Suite 301, Richmond, VA 23226 804.288.7246 www.commonwealthpain.com
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Executive Committee
Judith W. Pahren Chair Capital One Bruce Kelley Vice Chair Program Committee Chair The Martin Agency W. Jefferson O’Flaherty Treasurer Xenith Bank H. Michael Ligon Secretary Universal Leaf Tobacco Co. Gail W. Johnson, RN, MS Governance Committee Chair Rainbow Station Douglas A. Nunn Investment Committee Chair The Trust Company of Virginia Gregory Hillman Education Committee Chair IBM Corporation
Linda Warren Member at Large Altria Group, Inc. Directors
Michael G. Bland B&B Printing Shawn Boyer SnagAJob.com Tim Butturini Wachovia, a Wells Fargo Company James A. Buzzard MWV Clifford J. Culley U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management James W. Dunn Bon Secours Richmond Health Care System Kenneth M. Dye Comcast Metro Richmond
Richard J. Farrell Richmond Aquarium
J. Theodore Linhart Dominion Auto Group
Thomas E. duB. (“Ted”) Fauls Troutman Sanders LLP
Lyn McDermid Dominion
Philip H. Goodpasture Williams Mullen
Linda Powell Pruitt Powell Pruitt Associates
Susan Greenbaum Recording Artist and Songwriter
Timothy D. Smith LCOR, Incorporated
Susan Hardwicke, Ph.D. VABION LLC
Advisory Board
The Honorable Todd P. Haymore Commonwealth of Virginia Kathleen Maccio Holman Davenport & Company LLC Michael S. Laming Genworth Financial, Inc. Nancy F. Langston, Ph.D. VCU School of Nursing Ray Lepper Home Media Stores, LLC
Carolyn B. Bush County of Henrico Felicia Cosby City of Richmond Kathy Graziano Richmond City Council Carolyn P. Henly County of Chesterfield Scot L. Morris RBC Wealth Management John Sherman, Jr.
Production Team & Staff Publications
Production
John Carter Hailey Stage Manager
Bob Thagard fuel creative, inc.
Susan Senita Bradshaw Assistant Stage Manager
circle S studio
Boitnott Visual Communications Audio, Video & Sound Dan Hitchcock Production Manager Boitnott Visual Communications James W. Bynum Student Room Manager Lt. Robert C. Marland Transportation and Security Coordinator Thomas J. O’Donnell, Jr. Security Debbie Mangolas William Willersdorf Box Office
Carlos Chafin Composer In Your Ear Matthew Costello Voiceover Audrey M. Booth Theater Manager Joe Yarbrough Theater Operations Manager Steve Sweet Theater Technical Director Tim Posey Assistant Technical Director
Michael G. Bland Greg Frazee Nichole Elkins Print Directors Angelo Minor Action Photo Bill Chapman Dee Raubenstine Editors Hostesses
Jan Benesh Zel Boley Donna Raubenstine Question Sorters
Samuel D. Barham, III Tim Barnett Kenneth M. Dye Paula I. Otto Dan Timberlake
Staff
Bill Chapman Executive Director bill@richmondforum.org Debbie Mangolas Office and Ticket Sales Manager debbie@richmondforum.org Dee A. Raubenstine Director of Development and Public Affairs dee@richmondforum.org (804) 330-3993 www.richmondforum.org
bo ad r d& osft adfifr e c t o r s , p r o d u c t i o n a n d s t a f f bo ar
2010-2011 Board of Directors
TO GREAT LEADERS, IT’S ALWAYS HALF FULL. At Dominion, we’re committed to investing in the leadership skills of people who choose to see the world for all that it can be. Leadership requires the vision to see what others often can’t. At Dominion, we support the people who have this unique ability. By funding programs that recognize leadership abilities, develop leadership skills and promote diversity, we’re helping make our communities stronger
today
and
better
prepared
for
tomorrow. To learn more about how we’re putting our energy to work strengthening leadership in the communities we serve, visit www.dom.com, keyword: foundation.
Lead Patron Altria Group, Inc. Comcast Metro Richmond Davenport & Company LLC Dominion Resources Genworth Financial, Inc.
Commonwealth Pain Specialists John M. Barsanti, MD Stephen P. Long, MD Craigie & Craigie The Hilb Group Hirschler Fleischer Hospital Hospitality House Liberty Property Trust McGuireWoods Media General, Inc. Morgan Stanley Smith Barney MWV Bart Nasta Judy & Dave Pahren Rainbow Station SunTrust Bank Touch Points Public Relations Towers Watson Verizon Communications Dianne & Ken Wright Foundation
Host Patron B&B Printing Hourigan Construction Owens & Minor Troutman Sanders LLP Wachovia, a Wells Fargo Company Producer Patron Capital One circle S studio Covington International Travel Dominion Digital IBM Corporation Longwood University Plow & Hearth PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP The Trust Company of Virginia Universal Leaf Tobacco Co., Inc. University of Mary Washington U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management VCU Medical Center VCU School of Business Foundation Williams Mullen Educational Patron Dr. & Mrs. W. Baxter Perkinson, Jr. Trinity Episcopal School Media Patron Community Idea Stations WCVE-WHTJ-WCVW-88.9FM Music Patron Moore Cadillac Company Transportation Patron WINN Transportation Municipalities City of Richmond County of Henrico Sponsor Alfa Laval Inc. BB&T Bon Secours Richmond Health System Buckingham Greenery, Inc. CapTech Ventures, Inc.
Contributor Actuarial Benefits & Design Anonymous DSC Logistics Endeavor Capital, LLC H & H Grandis Properties Hoover & Strong Hunton & Williams, LLP In Your Ear Markel Corporation McCandlish Holton Mercer Party Plus Perspectives, Inc. Randolph-Macon College Richmond Aquarium SnagAJob.com Friend The Actuarial Consulting Group Dr. & Mrs. Ralph L. Anderson Mr. & Mrs. Roger Boevé The Brink’s Company Mrs. Wilson M. Brown, Jr. fuel creative, inc. Steven F. Glessner MD and Virginia L. Schuster Home Media ® Bruce Kelley, Ella Kelley Trisha Krause, DMD, MS and Sanjay Bhagchandani, DMD Endodontics Mary & Ted Linhart Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Mann
Lyn McDermid Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia Dr. Dianne Reynolds-Cane Sigma National, Inc. Timothy Smith & Mary Ellen Pauli Craig & Annhorner Truitt James & Vanessa Wigand Supporter Mr. José Alfaro Mr. & Mrs. Tommy Baer Kenneth C. Blaisdell & Sherryn Stauffer Mr. & Mrs. J. H. Brower Linda & Dale Cannady Mr. Jeff Chapman Robert & Candace Cody Harold M. Cruse, D.D.S. CSI of Virginia Mrs. Creed S. Davis Mary Beth & Richard Deutsch Jack & Nita Enoch Mr. & Mrs. Charles Edwin Estes Mr. Joseph C. Farrell William R. Fields Mr. & Mrs. Robert B. Giles Bill and Marsha Ginther Paige and Philip Goodpasture Mr. A. William Hamill Mr. Jay Holloway Mr. & Mrs. Gary C. Hudson Bonnie Hunt Ms. Louise Jackson Nancy F. Langston Dr. Bernice Latham Drs. John and Rhoda Mahoney Art & Jerry McKinney Porter Realty Company Myron H. Reinhart Riggers, Inc. Michael & Linda Rigsby Eric Samuelson Rick Schofield Joe Schwerer SMART Resources Inc. Leila and Kirk Spitzer Leslie Stack & Frank Rizzo Mr. Geoff Stiff Dr. & Mrs. Ken Stoner Gary & Pat Sullivan Claiborne & Ann Terry VAMAC, Inc. Dr. & Mrs. Douglas A. Wayne Mr. Eric White Dick & Marty Wilson
Thank you for your support!
PAT R O N S
2010-2011 Patrons
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Trinity Episcopal School advocates service to one’s community as an important aspect of individual character development and as an essential element in the creation of a strong community. These Trinity students, selected from the School’s Honor Roll, serve as ushers for The Richmond Forum this season. Through their service, the students facilitate an exchange of ideas that broadens our understanding of the trends and issues shaping our lives and our community. Craig T. Almond Tayler R. Anderson Alexandra E. Barnes Natalie L. Birkelien George Blackwell Bridgforth Stuart T. Brown Timothy M. Chester Madison G. Clark Ancil S. Crayton Catherine M. Cunningham Adrian E. Dan Shelby W. Darlington Frank P. Dorman Evie C. Doughtie Matthew D. Elgin
Michelle C. Gibbons Eleanor E. Goode Elisabeth S. S. Greenwood Nicholas R. Griggs-Drane Benjamin J. Gross Olivia D. Hairfield Olivia B. Hargett James M. Harkins Addie T. Huizenga Abigail R. Jenkins Tyler P. Jutz Rebecca C. Kientz Taylor B. King Neil C. Kirby Mary Elizabeth Lawrence
Cathryn B. Levander Nicholas J. Markunas Taylor S. McClain Marcelline A. Merry Kelsey J. Mitchell Matthew J. Mitchell Ashley B. Morris Julia G. Oates Jessica M. Ostrowski-Wright Sage M. Parker Cassie A. Pegram Thomas Lee Rice Marysia Kolbe Rieder Grace E. Riggs Myles C. Rivera
M. Alexandra Schreck Mary Lauren Shepherd Jenna R. Staub Brenna W. Sullivan Conner P. Sullivan Margaret O. Sweeney Alexandra J. Valentine Emily R. Wilkinson George Lee Wilkinson Jeffrey C. Willis
Sarah McDermott, Advisor Robert Patterson, Advisor Lee Sprague, Advisor
THE RICHMOND FORUM WELCOMES THE STUDENTS AND FACULTY OF TRINITY EPISCOPAL SCHOOL IN A SPECIAL PROGRAM DESIGNED TO CONNECT THE CLASSROOM, THE COMMUNITY AND CURRENT EVENTS. IN ACADEMICS We discover what motivates students and use that knowledge to challenge them IN THE INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE PROGRAM Academics with a world view provide a competitive curriculum in a dynamic environment IN THE COMMUNITY We celebrate the differences that make us individuals and the common ground that makes us a community WITH THE FACULTY Building relationships based on mutual respect helps students realize their full potential DISCOVER YOUR PATH AT TRINITY EPISCOPAL SCHOOL 0ITTAWAY $RIVE 2ICHMOND 6! s www.trinityes.org
We are grateful to Dr. & Mrs. W. Baxter Perkinson, Jr. for their financial support for this educational program.
student ushers
Trinity Episcopal School Student Ushers
Flowers have the same meaning in any language...
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EVERY MEDICAL CENTER HAS THE BOOKS. WE HAVE THE AUTHORS. We’re proud of the contributions VCU physicians have made to the world of medicine and medical literature.
vcuhealth.org
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Enhancing People’s Lives Through Extraordinary Work Environments
Largest Industrial Landlord in Richmond 2nd Largest Office Landlord in Innsbrook Nation’s leader of LEED® development Richmond’s 1st LEED® GOLD-CS certified multi-tenant office building
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The solution for your real estate needs.
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Look around, start counting. In less than a month, Hospital Hospitality House provides lodging and non-medical services for more guests than are attending The Richmond Forum this evening. In fact, HHH provides a home away from home for about 160 patients and family members each night, 4,800 each month, that are visiting Richmond for medical care at area hospitals. They count on HHH. Can we count on you to help?
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Three Ways to Stay Connected Between Programs
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Visit www.RichmondForum.org
The Richmond Forum website is the place to stay current on news about our speakers and the latest program announcements. Plus, you’ll find video clips from past Forum programs, photo libraries, speaker biographies, online program books, and much more! Check in often to stay current! Join The Richmond Forum on Facebook.
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The Hilb Group, Richmond’s newest insurance broker, is proud to support The Richmond Forum’s 2010-2011 season. The Hilb Group, LLC 4870 Sadler Road, Suite 300 Glen Allen, VA 23060 www.hilbgroup.com
pa st speakers
Past Speakers 1987 January February March April
Ted Koppel “Iran: Yesterday and Today” Hodding Carter, Paul Duke and Larry Speakes Diane Sawyer with General Brent Scowcroft Charles Kuralt
1 993-1994 November January February March April
“America in the Year 2000” Lamar Alexander, Marvin Cetron, Senator Warren Rudman and Chris Wallace Louis Rukeyser with Frank Cappiello and Michael Holland President George H. W. Bush Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Bob Newhart
1 987-1988 January February March April
Oprah Winfrey George Will “The Cold War – Will it Thaw?” Marvin Kalb, Jeane Kirkpatrick and Vladimir Pozner Art Buchwald
1 994-1995 November January February March April
General Colin Powell Walter Cronkite with Judy Woodruff Dave Barry Tom Clancy Jack Kemp and Senator George Mitchell
1 988-1989 January February March April
Sam Donaldson John Chancellor and Henry Kissinger “Should Drugs be Legalized?” William Buckley and Charles Rangel Dr. Carl Sagan
1 995-1996 November January February March April
Ambassador Carla Hills and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney “Space and Flight: The First & Last Men on the Moon” Neil Armstrong, Capt. Eugene Cernan, David Hartman and Dick Rutan Calvin Trillin Charles Kuralt “The Presidency, The Press and The People” Ed Bradley, David Gergen, Pierre Salinger, Sheila Tate and Bob Woodward
1 989-1990 January February March April
Paul Duke, Howard Fineman and Charles McDowell “Perspectives – From Right to Left” Frank Carlucci, Bettina Gregory, George McGovern, William Proxmire and William Rusher Mike Wallace Alistair Cooke
1 996-1997 November January February March April
Dick Cavett and Carl Reiner Ray Brady with Paul A. Volcker “To Preserve and Protect: The Story of the American Presidency” Doris Kearns Goodwin and David McCullough Sir David Frost interviews Andrew Lloyd Webber “The Legal System in America” Marcia Clark, Philip K. Howard, Prof. Arthur Miller, Dr. Rodney Smolla and The Hon. Kym Worthy
1 990-1991 October January February March April
Chancellor Helmut Schmidt “Crisis in the Persian Gulf” Admiral William Crowe, General Alexander Haig, Robert McFarlane and Edwin Newman H. Ross Perot Art Buchwald and Andy Rooney “Space and Beyond” James Burke, Dr. Frank Drake and James Lovell Barbara Walters Margaret Thatcher Larry King with General Norman Schwarzkopf “DNA: From Catching Criminals to Constructing Dinosaurs” Patricia Cornwell, Dr. Victor McKusick and Dr. Marc Micozzi Mark Russell
1 997-1998 November January February March April
Bill Moyers Wynton Marsalis Prime Minister Shimon Peres and Dan Raviv Mary Tyler Moore Peter Lynch
1 991-1992 October January February March April
1 998-1999 November January February March April
Rt. Hon. John Major Robert S. Bennett and Dr. William J. Bennett with Tim Russert Harry S. Dent, Jr. and Lou Dobbs Lily Tomlin Dr. Robert Ballard and Jean-Michel Cousteau
1 992-1993 October January February March April
Terry Anderson “Japanese/American Trade Debate” with Hiroki Kato and T. Boone Pickens Dr. Joyce Brothers Bill Cosby Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev with Cokie Roberts
1 999-2000 November January February March April
Julie Andrews with Catherine Crier “The Century” Todd Brewster and Peter Jennings “Technology and the New Marketplace” Ray Brady, Michael Connors and John Krubski Archbishop Desmond Tutu James Carville and Newt Gingrich with Tim Russert
Senator John Glenn Tom Brokaw Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu with Daniel Schorr Frank McCourt Dr. William Kelso
2 001-2002 November January February March April
Hal Holbrook in “Mark Twain Tonight!� Rabbi Marc Gellman and Msgr. Thomas Hartman Dick Clark Doris Kearns Goodwin and David McCullough The Hon. Madeleine K. Albright and The Hon. James A. Baker III with Gwen Ifill
2 002-2003 November January February March April
Ken Burns The Hon. Rudolph W. Giuliani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and Her Majesty Queen Noor with Gwen Ifill FBI Director Louis Freeh Senator Fred Thompson
2 003-2004 November January February March April
Cal Ripken, Jr. Robert Shiller and Jeremy Siegel with Geoff Colvin Candice Bergen Rt. Hon. Mary Robinson Thomas L. Friedman
2 004-2005 November January February March April
General Tommy Franks Michael Beschloss and Walter Isaacson Tim Russert Fareed Zakaria Frank Gehry
2 005-2006 November January February March April
Robert Redford Sherry Lansing General Colin Powell Tom Wolfe Rick Wagoner with Geoff Colvin
2 006-2007 November January February March April
Burt Rutan Malcolm Gladwell and Alvin Toffler B.B. King Jim Lehrer Dr. Jared Diamond
2 007-2008 November January February March April
President Vicente Fox Carly Fiorina Michael Douglas with Jeffrey Brown Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. David Brooks
2 008-2009 November January February March April
Rt. Hon. Tony Blair Reza Aslan and Jon Meacham Smokey Robinson with Daphne Maxwell Reid Terry Bradshaw and Howie Long Marion Nestle and Michael Pollan
2 009-2010 November January March April May
Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson Greg Mortenson Steve Forbes Condoleezza Rice David Plouffe
Your Support of the Ralph Krueger Memorial Fund Makes Life-Changing Student Opportunities Possible.
Established in memory of the founder of The Richmond Forum, the Ralph Krueger Memorial Fund makes it possible for local students to attend sold-out Forum programs.
T h a n k s t o yo u r generous support, this season we will once again be able to host nearly 600 students from area public and private schools in our new satellite Ralph Krueger student viewing room, providing an opportunity that can be truly lifechanging for a young person. Visit www.RichmondForum.org to learn more or to donate online. Thank you for your support.
pa st speakers
2 000-2001 November January February March April
Coming to The Richmond Forum January 15, 2011 Laura Bush An Evening with the Former First Lady The role of First Lady has been called the “highest unofficial office in the land.” Over the years, the roles and duties of the American First Lady have remained officially undefined, leaving each lady since Martha Washington to create her own role, often including hostess, campaigner, public face, and most recently, policy advocate. Laura Bush was one of the most popular First Ladies in American history, and she will be the first to address The Richmond Forum. From her time in the White House to her continuing personal commitment to education, women’s health and human rights, Laura Bush will share her unique and wide-ranging perspective.
February 19, 2011 March 19, 2011 Anderson Cooper George Church
April 16, 2011 David Blaine
For Single Ticket Availability, Call 330-3993.
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“Golden Reflections” All Items crafted in 18kt gold
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