Yun Gao Portfolio 2021-2022

FIT YUN GAO Selected Works 2019-2022

Master of Sicence in Design - Environmental Building Design Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania 3601 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania raygao@upenn.edu | +1-2679396887

PROLOGUE

Fit can mean acting according to circumstances in Chinese. Architectural design, to some extent, is the expression of personal feelings and options, but the final built result is not transferred by people’s subjective will. Although the architects initially construct their “dream buildings” with great enthusiasm, frequently, they are finally too subjective to be practical. The inevitable gap between the design and application limits us, puzzles us and also brings the most suitable model for our design.

People’s life is always rising here and subsiding there, to be in unstable and complex situations. The new and the old, the strong and the weak, progress and backwardness, the global and the local are steadily decomposed into consumption choices and identity preferences. The environment provided by architecture becomes the medium of dialogue between architecture and people. We need comfortable light intensity and temperature, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, humans have higher requirements for ventilation. To understand the meaning of these parameters, learn to control them and let people enjoy the architectural space has become the focus of my current study.

As a former dancer and bandsman communicating with the world in such kind way, I focus on users from different backgrounds and conduct the most restrained architectural design with the purest purpose.

This portfolio includes building analysis project (Brigher) and environmental design project (Optimization) that use different building performance calculation tools to help improve the quality of architecture and the architecture design works (Rebirth & Farewell) that employ pure materials and forms to inspire the return of the user’s pure emotion. Facing the whirligig of life by virtue of architectural means and the building environment with the most cautious attitude, I hope that I could make the most humble and appropriate architectural design. In user’ ordinary and lively daily life, it can be occasionally lightened by the buildings.

CONTENTS

01 WIND CABINET

04

Bioclimatic Strategic Data Center Design 202 Spring | Group Work | Miami

02 DEHUMIDIFICATION

12

Integrated Desiccant Facade System Design 2022 Spring| Group Work | Miami

03 HEALING

20

Health Resort Hospital Design 2020 Spring | Individual Work | Dezhou

04 BRIGHTER

30

Daylighting Analysis and Indoor Renovation 2021 Fall | Individual Work | Bordeaux

05 OPTIMIZATION

36

Environmental Midrise Apartment Design 2021 Fall | Individual Work | Philadelphia

06 OTHER WORK

42

01 WIND CABINET Bioclimatic Strategic Data Center Design Academic, Group Project Team Member：Xiaowen Yu, Yuan Le Tutor: Dorit Aviv Spring 2022 Site: Miami, FL

Sun, sand, coast, this is the impression of Miami. However, in the eyes of architects, these elements are the countless energy resources that can be used and the high demand for resilience in the face of global warming. How can we translate the advantages of the land given by God into real environmentally friendly energy saving results, and how can we protect the building in the risk, has become the core issue of this plan.

What's the most important thing to look out for in a data center in Miami? The answer is cooling and dehumidifying. This scheme maximizes the use of wind, from landscape to architectural modeling to interior space, using different bioclimatic design strategies to maximize the use of wind energy and reduce energy consumption. At the same time, we designed a special facade system that combines liquid desiccant with indirective cooling.The whole theme became a game of wind, and we used the abundant wind of the site for a variety of purposes. In this hot land, we try to reduce the energy consumption of this ultrahigh energy building as much as possible.

Wind cabin that can withstand floods ensures energy saving and fail-safe data centers.Through the design of the site, we increased the adaptability of the waterfront building. Extreme weather may not occur, but its symbolic role as a climate shelter will become a new landmark in the surrounding community.

Background

Surface Temprature

Site Analysis

Dry Bulb VS. Dew Point

Perspective1

Winter 2022/01/03_19:53

Surface Temperature(C)

Perspective2

Perspective3 Autumn 2021/09/26_17:22 ARCH 708 Bioclimatic Design Studio Team 7 - Yuan Le Xiaowen Yu & Yun Gao Miami, FL

Dry Bulb Temperature Dew Point Temperature

ARCH 708 Bioclimatic Design Studio Team 7 - Yuan Le Xiaowen Yu & Yun Gao Miami, FL

Comfort Zone - Summer Comfort Zone - Winter

ARCH 708 Bioclimatic Design Studio Team 7 - Yuan Le Xiaowen Yu & Yun Gao

ARCH 708 Bioclimatic DesignMiami, StudioFL Team 7 - Yuan Le Xiaowen Yu & Yun Gao Miami, FL

Solar Radiation - Micro kWh/m2

Flood Risk Map

500

Summer

250

Winter

Extreme

Moderate

Minimal

Areas

Buildings

Summer 2021/06/09_19:39

The solar radiation of the site is very different in winter and summer. Especially in the south of the site. Pay special attention to the shadow of tall buildings on the east side of the site.

The site is only a few blocks from the sea, in an area that is highly vulnerable to rising sea levels and will have a high risk of flooding.

Spring 2021/04/03_20:48

Land UseUse MapMap Land 0m

1000m

6

2000m

7 ARCH 708 Bioclimatic Design Studio Team 7 - Yuan Le Xiaowen Yu & Yun Gao Miami, FL

Massing Development Form of Wind (>5m/s)

5

Massing with Site CFD

Wind to Massing

0

m/s

Through the wind simulation of the whole site, the building massing with maximum ventilation can be obtained according to the wind speed distribution.

CFD simulation is carried out on the basis of massing.

Considering the shielding and wind shadow areas between each other, the building contour that can maximize the use of wind is finally optimized step by step.

Massing CFD

Wind Use Diagram

Curved surface is for manipulating interior air flow

Interior Space

Vertically extending shape is for solar chimney

Minimal Surface

Heat Exhaust (Chimney)

Cross Ventilation

North Wind - Winter

Forms are generated from microscale wind analysis

Massing

Curved ground is for: 1.Creating stronger air flow near ground; 2.Wind catcher.

Wind Form

Heat Exhaust (Courtyard)

East Wind - Annual

Bioclimatic Strategy Natural Ventilation

m/s 5

0

Daylighting

Concentrated Form

Seperated Form Minimal surface can behave as structure to support lifted ground.

Daylighting

North Wind

Annual UDI (300-3000 lux)

Shaded By Sorroundings

East Wind Wind Shadow

South-East Wind - Summer

Best Daylighting Condition Assigned for Office

East Wind

Cooling Air Supply

Site

Tunnel

Illuminance 21 Jun

Outflow (Leeward) Courtyard for Ventilation Wind Shadow

Tunnel structure is also used for flood control.

Summer

South-East Wind

Outflow (Leeward)

Without solar radiation, air in the tunnel would be cool.

Illuminance 21 Dec North Wind

South-East Wind

Thermal Condition

MIAMI Altitude: 29.8 N

Winter

EUI

Energy Model

1143.7 kWh/m2

Operative Temperature

Energy Flow Diagram Green Green Roof Roof

Internal Heat Gain O - Office S - Server E - Equipment C - Courtyard (Shaded)

O

Natural Ventilation

Off

Operable Canopy

Cold Aisle Aisle

Solar SolarChimney Chimney

Lifted Lifted Floor Floor

Tunnel & Flood Flood Tunnelfor forWind Wind&

Wind Catcher

Wind • South-East South-East Eind • East East WInd Wind

• North North Wind Wind

S E O

S

E

Program Type

E O

8

1028.2 kWh/m2

S

C

Exhausted through Courtyard

C

E

On

Equipment

S Exhausted through Solar Chimney

Office Server

Office Office

Atrium Atrium

Equipment Equipment

Server Server Room Room

9

Dessicant Princeple

15

20

25

30

Dry Bulb Temperature (C)

0 °C

o Vap

50%

15

Liquid Desiccant 2.0

Secondary Air

) 50%

40%

Pa)30

30% 10

30

1.0

20%

ssu

ur Pre

Vapo

a) re (kP

0.0 15

20

25

30

1.0

20

Hrs

Dry Bulb Temperature (C)

0

5

10

Dry Bulb Temperature (C)

15

20

25

30

J/ kg

50%

Climate VS. Requirement

Hrs

0

0

50

15

40%

50

Dew Point Temperature: 15C

ur

°C

20

3.0

A

①

o Vap

Pa)30

re (k

u Press

2.0

Goal: 26C, 50%

B’

②

40

30%

C

10

1.0

20

kJ/kg kPa 100%

10%

Dew Point Temperature ≤ 15 C 0.0

0

Relative Humidity (%)

20%

5

10

0.0 0

B

10%

0

50

70

5 10

°C

25

60%

Avg.Summer: 28C, 75%

60

20%

5 10%

10

15

2.0

Goal: 26C, 50%

40

70%

ha 3.0

50

Dew Point Temperature: 15C

g/kg 80%

90

80

20

Primary Air

10

20

5

25

60%

Avg.Summer: 28C, 75%

70

4.0

lp y

90

60

30%

40

10

0

70%

90%

100

g) /k y 3.0

Solid Desiccant

re (k

u Press

kJ/kg

kPa 100%

Indirect Evaporative Cooling

lp

ha

ur

5

10

En t

alp En th

1.0

20%

Goal: 26C, 50%

4.0

80

20

40% 50

Dew Point Temperature: 15C

30

10%

5

25

60%

60

10

Relative Humidity (%)

+

g/kg 80%

Absolute Humidity (g/kg)

30%

0.0 0

15

2.0

10

70

90%

Absolute Humidity (g/kg)

re essu20

ur Pr

Vapo

70%

Absolute Humidity (g/kg)

40%

50

40

Absolute Humidity (g/kg)

50%

60

Avg.Spring: 24C, 67%

(kPa)

4.0

90

80

Avg.Summer: 28C, 75%

20

Desiccant Dehumidification Dehumidification+Cooling

Relative Humidity (%) kJ/kg

kPa 100%

(k J

) 25

60%

3.0

Avg.Winter: 20C, 71%

g/kg 80%

lp y

90

80

70

Avg.Autumn: 20C, 74%

90%

100

J/ kg

70%

y

(k J/k g)

4.0

Avg.Summer: 28C, 75%

Indirect Evaporative Cooling Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Relative Humidity (%) kJ/kg

kPa 100% 100

(k

g/kg

En t

90% 80%

100

50

(k

0

Desiccant Dehumidification Desiccant Dehumidification

Relative Humidity (%) kJ/kg kPa 100%

Dew Point Temperature ≤ 15 C Hrs

En th a

Climate VS. Requirement Climate VS. Requirement

5

Dry Bulb Temperature (C)

10

15

20

25

30

Hrs

Hrs

0

90% 80%

g/kg

°C

0

50

0

100

50

Dew Point Temperature < 15 C

J/

kg )

4.0 90

25

En th al py

(k

Facade System Design

70%

60%

80

Recyclable Concrete

20

3.0

Coconut Palm Roof

Avg.Summer: 28C, 75%

50%

60 40%

Avg.Spring: 24C, 67% Wood Floor

50

Avg.Autumn: 20C, 74%

Avg.Winter: 20C, 71%

2.0 30%

40

10

Stone Foundation

1.0

20

Work Airflow Water Flow

20%

5

10

Inlet Air From Services

Energy Flow Diagram

30

ur

ess ur Pr

Vapo

a) e (kP

15

Absolute Humidity (g/kg)

70

10%

0.0 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 °C

Dry Bulb Temperature (C) Outlet Air

Greenhouse Effect (solar)

Regeneration

10

Dehumidification

Final Airflow

Street View Perspective

11

02 DEHUMIDIFICATION Integrated Desiccant Facade System Design Academic, Group Project Team Member：Xiaowen Yu, Yuan Le Tutor: Kim Jihun Spring 2022 Site: Miami, FL

The wonderful area between the two pieces of glass, which we call greenhouse, is unimpeded by solar radiation and hindered by heat dissipation, making this area a field that cannot be ignored in passive design. Many people complain about the large temperature difference between day and night in glass houses.

But what happens if the difference in temperature between day and night is used elsewhere, for example to charge a desiccant during the hottest hours?

The climate of Miami is classified as having a tropical monsoon climate with hot and humid summers; short, warm winters; and a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shape its climate.

For this climate zone, cooling and dehumidification are the most important, so we design a integrated facade system with dessicant to ensure comfort. Besides, a phiscal model was made to test the dessiccant's performence.

Background Analysis

Initial Design

Local Psychometric Chart

Dehumidification

Desiccant Regeration

W

W

Foliage (Desiccant)

Foliage (Desiccant) Angled-Out

Blockage, Glass

Blockage,Concrete

When designing the first version of the model, we mainly focused on whether the green house effect could be used to help the regeneration process of the desiccant. So we set up the whole facade as a system.

For the two different processes, what we change is the position of the air outlet. It is hoped that natural air circulation can be realized through passive means. Reduce the use of mechanical systems to

Blockage, Glass

Blockage,Concrete

Angled-In (HVAC)

Mode-1: Dehumidification

Princeple of Dessicant

Radiant Temperature

Temperature (oC)

Relative Humidity

Velocity (m/s) 3.0

70

30

35

1.5

65

25

30

0.0

60

20

25

Mode-2: Desiccant Regeneration

14

Dwyer, T. (2014)

Radiant Temperature

Temperature (oC)

Relative Humidity

Velocity (m/s) 3.0

100

30

35

1.5

75

25

30

0.0

50

20

25

The results of CFD simulation tell us that such a large volume of green house cannot have a good warming effect. In addition, the ventilation is not very good, and the next step of the design will be aimed at these two defects.

15

Final Prototype

Iteration Comparison: Baseline - Tilted Shape - Tilted Shape with Schedule Summer Solstice, 21 June

0.88 m

0.15 m

8.4 m

3.6 m

0.8 m 0.6 m

In the final prototype design, we determined the glass plate Angle that maximizes the use of sunlight energy according to the sunlight Angle. According to the local sun Angle in Miami, choose a glass plate Angle that will receive the longest amount of direct sunlight.

This ensures that the desiccant is fully heated and dehumidified to complete the regenerate process.

At the same time, the volume of the whole drying system is reduced to as small as possible to ensure the lighting and view of the room. This leaves only a small part of the facade occupied. The smaller volume also ensures the intensity of the greenhouse effect, thus aiding the operation of the system.

Winter Solstice, 21 December

After the simulation calculation of temperature through Design Builder, we can see that our inclined shape can increase the temperature inside the cavity, which meets the requirement of helping the desiccant regeneration. The greenhouse effect is particularly significant in winter, even more than in summer, because there is little temperature difference between winter and summer in Miami, while there are more clouds and rainfall in summer, resulting in less direct sunlight.

Soft wind mode(horizontal louver)

desiccant

DesignBuilder Model Setting Schedule

Activity

In the final stages of refining the design, we increased the maneuverability of the system, making it a system in which the mode can be changed artificially.

Strong wind mode(slanted louver)

Occupied

Cavity

desiccant

Construction in Design Builder

Wind velocity at the end

By adding louvers, we provide a weak wind pattern and a strong wind pattern to adapt to different weather conditions, ensuring that the natural ventilation can always be dry.

Relative Humidity at the beginning 0.5

70

Desiccant Regeneration Temperature: Solid Desiccant: 60 - 100 C Liquid Desiccant: 40 - 70 C

16

The schedule is set into regeneration mode when the operative temperature in cavity is 65 C.

0

60 17

Physical Model Experiment

Experiment Result

We made this model out of laserprinted wood boards and acrylic sheets. And put a solid desiccants on each layer of acrylic. In the air duct, wet towels are used as a water source of moist air to simulate the humid air in Miami.

After the air duct is opened, we measure the relative humidity and temperature at two positions before and after the device to explore whether the system can operate normally.

Experiment Setup

Experiment Model

Based on our experimental results, we found a mild temperature change during the first drying process and the second drying process after regeneration. However, after regeneration, drying has a better water absorption effect, which is more evidence of the need to use the green house to heat the desiccator.

Experiment Process Infrared Photo Phase-1: Original Desiccant for Dehumidification

0 min

10 min

20 min

30 min

40 min

50 min

60 min

20 min

30 min

40 min

50 min

60 min

Phase-2: Regenerated Desiccant for Dehumidification (Greenhouse, 30 min)

0 min 18

10 min

19

2000

2000

Building Syndrome

1990

Eco-building

Villlages Village Style

Toronto Titanic Giant Wheel

Digital Image Building

1980 Sub-building corridor

Nursing Energy Crisis

High-rise Ward

New York single building high-rise concentration

1970

1960 Leuven Meditex 1950

Double aisle unit

Nursing Unit

1950

HULI Two-building

Health Resort Hospital Design Greenwich Plate

Single

Brussels Tower Desk

New York Fishbone

High-rise Ward

1940

1930

Pano Alto plate multi-wing

Open Ward

1920

1910 Beadujon

Concrete steel structure Air Conditioning Technology

1900 Goldwater

Beijing Concord Courtyard style

Elevator

1890

X-ray Came Out

1880

1870 Baltimore Sub-Building Corridor Nightingale Ward

1860

Nariposi Multi-wing

03 HEALING

Nigtingale Ward

Academic, Individual Project Tutor: Sike Wei Spring 2020 Site: Qihe, Dezhou, Shandong

Under the impact of the overall “Biology-Psychology-Society” medical model, the medical space of the modern hospital architecture design develops to depth and breadth. The value concept, function structure and space form of the hospital are also undergoing great changes.

Faced with the current aging trend, the reality of large number of elderly people and urgent health care need is the social background of this design.

The medical service system facing the aging society is not perfect and the allocation of medical service resources is unreasonable, leading to the development of medical buildings for the elderly in China still lagging far behind the huge demand of the rapidly growing elderly population. Based on the medical buildings serving the elderly people, this design puts forward the medical building design scheme for the elderly that is suitable for the Chinese social development through the analysis and research on the features of the medical needs of the elderly and the development status of Chinese medical building system, as well as the discussion on the particularity, convenien ce, safety and comfort of the medical building for the elderly.

Site Analysis

Conceptual Section

3km

Government

The Strip

Site The Strip 2km

Medical Centre

8km

Forest Park

Global Medical Resources

Yellow River

Hospital Traffic Complexity Index

According g to the world Health Organization survey, China has a low level of medical resources and the highest degree of medical redundancy.For Chinese patients, getting to a hospital can be a challenge.On the contrary, in northern Europe, where per capita medical resources are abundant, such as Iceland, scientific hospital architectural design also makes transportation very convenient.

Therefore, the developing China needs to focus on the development of efficient transportation system and practical application of hospitals.

Country

Health Access and Quality Index

72.1

Australia

75.9

75.6

Canada

78.6

77.4

China

89.4

80.9

France

90.5

82.4

Iceland

91.7

83.9

Italy

93.8

85.5

Japan

94.1

91.6

Russia

94.9

94.2

UK

95.9

96.3

US

97.1

Ideal Hospital Layout Model

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500-800 beds

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This protocol uses the most direct streamline organization, which is divided into outpatient streamline, inpatient streamline, and physician and visitor streamline.The ground floor of the building is equipped with outpatient services for easy access, while the middle floor is equipped with operating rooms and ICUs, which are located in the core location with the highest accessibility.The elevated upper floors provide the best views.

23

First Floor Plan

Circulation Analysis

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impatient elevator (clean and polluted seperation)

impatient elevator (clean and polluted seperation)

staff elevator (outpatient service) external elevator (outpatient service) pollution elevator (outpatient service)

Interior Perspective

East Elevation 26

Circulation Overview

A-A Section 27

Aerial View

28

29

04 BRIGHTER Daylighting Analysis and Indoor Renovation Academic, Individual Project Tutor: Janki Vyas Fall 2021 Site: Bordeaux, France

In this project, the daylight analysis of Grand Parc Bordeaux, winner of the 2019 EU Prize for Contemporary Architecture - Mies van der Rohe Award, was carried out to screen out the poor daylight performance conditions and optimize the daylight conditions using measurements and modifications The conditions were optimized to meet the current standards.

Grand Parc Bordeaux is a renovation project funded by the French government to update 530dwellings to provide new qualities to its residents, including more space, more mobility of use and more views. Vassal in 2011 and was completed in 2016. The renovation added a winter garden and balcony to provide comfortable outdoor space, and replaced the existing south-facing windows with large sliding glass doors, as well as updated the bathrooms and added an elevator. Grand Parc Bordeaux has invested with precision and care to give 530dwellings, a social housing complex, a more active lifestyle and more enjoyable living conditions.

However, the move to add a winter garden and balcony would greatly reduce the amount of sunlight entering the interior, and with many occupants on the first floor, most of the interior spaces rely on the south side for light. After the architects made a drastic change on the south side of the building, we thought the interior light environment would be at a rather low level. So we started our path to find the worst working conditions and optimize them.

Background

Baseline Study

Context and Site Overshading - (Annual Cumulative Solar Radiation)

N

N Room A(15F-2)

Room D(2F-2)

Room B(2F-2)

Room C(2F-1)

By analyzing the incident radiation of our site, we get an intuition about the solar distribution of the building. The blue part actually has the worst solar gain.

We chose four rooms as representatives of the worst solar gain areas. These four rooms had different floor and plane organization. We then used various analyses to test which room performed the worst.

Component

Existing

Simulation Model

Existing

N

Retrofit Type-2

Type-1

The allure of this scheme is that the building has already undergone a round of renovation, adding the buffer zone of the balcony. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of the transformation on the indoor lighting situation before and after the transformation.

Retrofit

1.4m

Open Balcony

2.4m

Winter Garden (Greenhouse)

Existing Unit

As shown in the photograph, after adding an open balcony and a winter garden to enlarge the living space, the daylighting condition in the existing space (living room and bedroom) decreased. (Lacaton & Vassal 2017)

Type-1 32

Type-2

In addition, there are two house types in the building, which have different indoor sunshine conditions. Therefore, the two house types should be discussed separately, and the energy model should be set up.

33

Baseline Study

Improvement of the Worst Condition

N

Annual UDI 300-3000 lux 75/90(%) Existing 60.2%

0

1

DA 300 lux 55/75(%)

Existing

Retrofit 46.2%

Room A

5M

Depth of Open Balcony

Add Exterior Light Shelf

Retrofit

86.9%

65.8%

69.5%

60.1%

87.0%

64.2%

86.1%

67.6%

Room A

52.4%

43.9%

Room B

Room B

59.8%

43.5%

Room C

Room C

60.5%

Room D

47.7%

Even though no open balcony -- no shading will increase harmful illuminance, but it greatly increase the brightness of interior space.

After remove the open balcony, the sDA value increased a lot but still does not reach the best standard of LEED: 75%.

Improvement Process sDA (%)

Room D

77.53% 61.51% 72.85% 83.31% After adding internal light shelf and greatly increasing DA value and UDI value, we find that the area near the window is too bright, so we consider adding an exterior light shelf.

The worst condition LEED Standard: 75 or 90 %

As shown in the baseline study, Room B has the worst daylighting condition. The improvement strategy is based on this unit, trying to find the optimized solution for getting more useful daylighting.

Final View

Step1: Adjust the depth of winter garden from 2.4m to 1.5m Step2: Remove the open balcony (extruded border shade) Step3:Add a 1m depth interior light shelf at the height of 2m

34

Step: Add a 1.4m depth exterior light shelf at the height of 2m

35

05 OPTIMIZATION Environmental Midrise Apartment Design Academic, Individual Project Tutor: Kit Elsworth & Saeran Vasanthakumar Fall 2021 Site: Philadelphia, USA

The goal of the project was to design a mid-rise apartment building in Philadelphia to optimize energy use, daylighting, and thermal comfort. We aimed to achieve the lowest whole-building energy use while producing the best thermal and visual comfort for the indoor environment. After a basic analysis of the site, we started looking for the optimal solution right from the site selection - a location to place the building in such a way that the lighting and ventilation would perform well both ways. In a series of subsequent processes (choice of building form, size of window openings, and selection of individual ventilation parameters), we do some sensitivity or optimization analysis to understand the trade-offs between these performance metrics.

This project aims to explore the analysis and optimization of active and passive regulation. The individual metrics are analyzed and compared to obtain the optimal solution.

Background Analysis

Innitial Helpful&Harmful Solar

Site Overview

SE Perspective

Annual Wind Rose

Located in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, Philadelphia gets most of its solar radiation from the south.

SE Perspective

NW Perspective

Around the site (5M to the right from the upper left corner of the site and 3m Down), the solar benefit of Helpful and Harmlful did not change much after a few fine-tuning positions. This shows that solar has no obvious influence, so we have selected a suitable position to start the next design.

Initial Design Model

Annual Prevailing Wind

site

WNW

Final Helpful&Harmful Solar NW Perspective

SW

WNW

SW

The prevailing winds in Philadelphia come from the northwest and southwest throughout the year, and from the north in September. Through the analysis of outdoor comfort of these three wind directions, it is found that considering the wind factor, the upper left corner of the site is the most comfortable, while the lower right corner is not comfortable.

Room2

Room3

Room1

Mass Peview on Incident Radiation

Mass Peview on Overshadowing

The incident radiation diagram shows that the middle and upper right part of the site have good sunshine, while the left and lower edges have poor sunshine due to the shade of the context, which can also be directly seen in the Overshadowing diagram. Therefore, I put my building in the center of the site near the upper left (specifically, 5m to the right from the upper left corner of the site and 3m down), hoping to obtain the best radiation to provide solar heating and avoid the occlusion of surrounding buildings.

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Baseline Input

Visualize by Type Axonometric Baseline Input R-values[m2K/W] wall:2.8 roof: 8.4 floor:5.4 Window U-values[W/ m2K]:1.78 Window SHGC:0.3 Window VLT:0.35 Window to Wall Ratio(all)：0.3

I chose a two-story building with an area of 80 square meters to ensure a suitable location within the site without occupying the edges where the sun is not good. I choose the length and width to be close, so that I can have a better surface to volume ratio and better performance.

In addition, due to more sunshine on the east side of the site, I retracted the east side of the first floor by one meter, hoping to ensure more Useful daylight by virtue of the shadow naturally formed on the second floor.

Visualize by BC

The length of the east and west direction of the second floor is over 10m, so when establishing the energy model, I divided the second floor into two rooms, east and west, separated by Air Bounday.

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Initial Model Simulation Room1 TCP

Spacial PMV in the Hottest

Room2 TCP

TCP in the Hottest

Room3 TCP

Spacial PMV in the Coldest

Final Model Optimal Parameters: Wall R-value: 25BTU/H-FT2-f WWR(SN):0.1 WWR(1east):0.4 WWR(west + 2east):0.2 SHGC:0.7 Optimal EUI:187.8 UDI:81.85% PMV:-0.35 My main passive strategy was to adjust the window-wall ratio and focus on the east WWR at ground level.

This is due to the micro climate of the site. In my next steps, I included natural ventilation in May, because May and September are very pleasant months in Philadelphia. In addition, the final wind speed and CLO values should be adjusted to achieve the minimum EUI and the highest UDI and PMV.

TCP in Nearly the Coldest

Final Model Pefrormance Initial Model Monthly Balance

PMV:2.61

TCP: 0

PMV:-3.11

TCP: 0

Sensitivity Analysis

Final Model Optimal Monthly Balance

When setting up the operation parameters, I set the WWR for the east side of the ground floor separately, considering my own unique design of the east side ground floor retreating one meter. Also set all south Windows and north Windows as a group of WWR, the rest of the east and west Windows as a group. I directly set the u-value of the window to 0.15bTU/H-FT2-f. In addition, I did not change the R-value of roof and floor, and only planned to include the R-value of Wall in the iterative calculation. SHGC and VLT are linear, so only SHGC is included in the iterative calculation.

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Final TCP

Final Spacial PMV in the Hottest TCP:27%

PMV:0.52

Final Spacial PMV in the Coldest PMV:-2.13

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OTHER WORK LCA Visualizaiton for Amy Guttman Hall

Prototype and LCA of Snow Tower

Prototype of PTDH

Liangshan Country Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

S-LCA Visualizaiton for Amy Guttman Hall

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