Appendix 1

GHG Accounting Assumptions

Calculating Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The majority of Heliolytics’ greenhouse gas emissions result from our data collection operations. All of our emission types fit within the categories of scope 2 and scope 3 emissions when using definitions of emission scopes outlined by the Global Reporting Initiative Disclosure 305.

However, quantifying scope 2 and some scope 3 emissions for 2021 was challenging because Heliolytics implemented a remote-first policy that resulted in employees working from home for the majority of the year. Quantifying scope 3 emissions pertinent to regular working activities in a workfrom-home setting is incredibly challenging for any organization to complete, and it was decided that these measures would be omitted for the 2021 reporting cycle. It is our intention that these emissions will be included in the 2022 reporting cycle. Scope 3 emissions at Heliolytics result from:

Fixed-wing aircraft trips Commercial flights taken by staff traveling for data collection, or to attend conferences

Car trips taken while aircraft teams are deployed in the field

Car trips taken by drone providers traveling to site

Shipping equipment

Emissions from fixed-wing aircraft and car trips were calculated using fuel consumption of the various trips, multiplied by the appropriate emission factors for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).[19] Methane and nitrous oxide emissions were multiplied by their CO2 equivalencies. All emissions were calculated as CO2 or equivalents to derive total CO2 equivalent emissions for 2021. For aircraft missions, fuel consumption/hour of the specific aircraft model[20, 21] was multiplied by logged flight hours per trip to determine fuel consumption. Fuel consumption for car trips taken by drone and aircraft teams was calculated using the distance traveled divided by fuel consumption in km/L as listed by the EPA.[22] These were totaled to give the total CO2 emission of each aircraft or car trip. CO2 emissions from commercial flights were logged using an online calculator[23] that accounted for distance traveled, the class traveled in, layovers, and the number of passengers. Shipping emissions were calculated using the weight of the package shipped, distance traveled by transportation mode (i.e. by truck or air), and multiplied by the CO2 emission factor for the respective shipping method.[24] Packages that utilized multiple shipping methods would sum the emissions from each transport type for the total CO2 emission for that trip.