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The New Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center
An Arizona Memorial Museum Association Publication | www.arizonamemorial.org
The USS Arizona anchor in its new home near the water’s edge at the Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center.
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EdiTOR Ray Sandla Forgotten ship remembered Part of the National Park Service’s new mandate is to care for the remains of the USS Utah. It’s a job the rangers treat as anything but routine Guam expansion central to U.S. realignment strategy in Asia Star & Stripes recently profiled the reassignment of 8,000 US Marines from Okinawa to Guam. It’s not as easy as it sounds The Battle for Guadalcanal the first d-day in the Pacific was one of the most bitterly fought contests of the entire war Saint Damien of Molokaʻi, a legacy of love and service The canonization of Father Damien was celebrated throughout the world, but never more meaningfully than in Kalaupapa USS Missouri returns, 100 service members reenlist The last battleship ever built by the US gets a $18 million renovation Pearl Harbor goes with a flow A special fold out section on the new Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor center Kermit Tyler, 1913–2010 To ask a blessing The new Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center received a Hawaiian blessing as part of its opening on February 16, 2010 Survivor Series AMMA’s Education department produces the first videoconference between Pearl Harbor Survivors and a senior high school in Japan Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund News The Visitor Center orientation film gets a digital makeover; a special grant from a local Hawaiian organization helps to fund new exhibits Essay Contest Tell us How the USS Arizona Memorial Makes You Feel in a first-ever AMMA essay contest WASPs awarded congressional gold medals WWII’s women pilots finally get their due
Front Cover: The new Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center entrance. Back Cover: One of the Navy’s new biodiesel shuttle boats was named for Medal of Honor recipient John Finn. The 100 year-old Mr. Finn got the first ride. Photo by MC2 Rob Stirrip.
WRiTERS Laurie Moore Edean Saito Ray Sandla Lisha Wong PHOTOgRAPHy Donny Chambers Jocelyn Lee Ray Sandla Alby Saunders USS Arizona Memorial Photographic Archives The Arizona Memorial Museum Association is a non-profit cooperating association working with the National Park Service to provide funding for interpretive and educational programs at the USS Arizona Memorial, Kalaupapa National Historical Park on Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi, War in the Pacific National Historical Park on guam, and American Memorial Park on Saipan.
Remembrance is a Publication for Members of the Arizona Memorial Museum Association
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“History is the essence of innumerable biographies.” Thomas Carlyle, On History
In our story on the USS Utah (starting on page 3), National Park Service lead dive officer Christine Carr talks about why she cares so much for the former battleship, sunk on December 7 and one of only 2 ships, along with the USS Arizona, still residing in the waters of Pearl Harbor, “She is such a beautiful ship. People look at what remains above water and just see rusting metal, but underneath the water there is a whole ecosystem of life...” Ms. Carr’s observation could be applied equally to the study of history. In school, kids see the study of the past as the rusting metal of old facts and dates, worn out “lessons” of imposed value judgements, grafted conspiracy theories and forced guilt about what should be remembered. But beneath the surface more often than not lies something beautiful: people. People smiling out of battered black and white photographs; young, intent on making a life for themselves and their families. People who care about the future, a future that due to the terrible cost of war, might have been far too short. It is the simple stories of the people who have lived history that make it worth studying. The tragic accidents of fate, such as the story of Kermit Tyler, who might possibly forever define what it means to be in the wrong place at the wrong time; the little known triumphs such as the British civil servant, Martin Clemens, posted to an unknown island in the south Pacific who would live with a group of Solomon islanders behind enemy lines and provide crucial intelligence about a new Japanese airfield on Guadalcanal; the story of an obscure Catholic priest who would rise to sainthood and worldwide prominence by volunteering to help an afflicted people banished to a remote Molokaʻi peninsula. These stories are not only history worth studying, they are the timeless, true stories of human tragedy, triumph, and kindness. During World War II, the 112th Construction Battalion commanding officer David Y. Taylor wrote a “Salute to the Battalion” in the outfit’s yearbook: On several occasions when the battalion has passed in review, I have found myself filled with a feeling of pride and humility. The feeling is perhaps difficult to describe but it is not difficult to understand. Passing before me are 1000 men from all parts of America, 1000 men plucked from their homes and families and thrown together to work and fight, to live and die, for the preservation of our way of life. All the ideals, hopes, aspirations, discouragements, fears, and despairs of a great people are embodied in them. Passing before me, I see defects in posture, minor shortcomings in uniform, roving eyes, lines not precisely straight. But I see at the same time strong men, intelligent men, each doing his best, limited only by the extent and quality of his instruction...and the capacity of his leaders.... So I salute the 112th Battalion; our shortcomings, which make us human; our strengths which make us great; our hopes which make us cheerful; our faith which makes us unafraid. Commander Taylor's description reminds me that stories of history are worth repeating not for their prepackaged message or agenda, but because they are the essential stories of human beings trying to find a decent way to live. By focusing on the individual people who lived it, history becomes personal and can provide inspiration and new ways of understanding the world. Those who foster a sense of history’s importance must trust that the slouched shoulders, the broken ranks, and the roving eyes in the next generation will find their own lessons in history; that they will feel the responsibility of its legacy and want to retell these important stories in their own way. We tell these stories not just to preserve them, but to advance them, making them relevant to a new generation of those unsure of history’s worth. I hope you enjoy the stories in this edition and that by reading them, you each find for yourself what lies beneath the surface. RAY SANDlA, EDITOR
ray_sandla@arizonamemorial.org
Contact information: Membership lisha Wong Associate Director of Membership/ Development membership@arizonamemorial.org Tel: (toll free) 1-888-332-1941 Fax: 1-808-487-3312 www.pearlharbormemorial.com r e m e m b r a n c e
Remembrance Ray Sandla Publications/Special Projects ray_sandla@arizonamemorial.org Tel: 1-808-485-2748 Fax: 1-808-485-2766 www.arizonamemorial.org
Mail Order Angel Galinato Mail Order mailorder@arizonamemorial.org Tel: (toll-free): 1-888-485-1941 Fax: 1-808-485-2766 www.arizonamemorialbookstore.org s p r i n g
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NATiONAL PARK SERViCE
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Forgotten Ship Remembered by Blair Martin Hawaii Navy News The USS Utah (AG-16) Memorial has long been dubbed "the forgotten ship," but in preparation for this year's 68th annual Pearl Harbor Day ceremony, the ship received several new additions in hopes of attracting more visitors to the memorial. In October, a special solar light was added to the memorial's flag post so that an American flag could be displayed 24 hours a day over the Utah. The ship currently rests in the waters off the northwest shore of Ford Island. Two white buoys were also added to the ship's forecastle and fantail that still are submerged under water, revealing her true length to visitors to the memorial. According to Christine Carr, lead dive officer for the National Park Service (NPS), the buoys were a necessary part of protecting and preserving the ship. "The main reason for the buoys is to protect and preserve this ship for future generations," she said. "Visibility can be low around the ship so the bouys offer protection for tour boats and harbor vessels."
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Carr also witnessed a few close calls herself during her routine monthly dives when she and a dive team cleaned and monitored the ship. "The harbor boats would literally cross over the ship and not even know," she recalled. Carr said that because the Utah sank at an angle, the size of the wreckage underneath the surface is often misleading not only to other vessels in the harbor, but also to many tourists who visit the ship. "People have no idea how big she really is," said Carr. "It would just break my heart if someone accidentally hit her. She is a part of history and any part of her that would get damaged or broken would just be a tremendous loss." Once a former battleship more than 521 feet in length, the Utah was recommissioned in 1932 and became a target ship used for bombing exercises. In September 1941, she sailed to Pearl Harbor for additional training exercises and was moored at F-11 on Ford Island during the surprise Japanese attacks on Dec. 7, 1941.
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According to historical reports, Utah was one of the first ships to be torpedoed by Japanese planes. It was later reported that Japanese pilots were told to ignore the Utah as she was a non-combat ship. But two torpedoes were dropped on her, including one torpedo that slammed into her port side at 8:01 a.m. while the crew raised the flag on her fantail. As water filled the ship rapidly, Sailors were ordered to abandon ship on her starboard side. At about 8:12 a.m., Utah capsized after her mooring lines snapped from the shore. Most of the ship's crew survived the attack, but more than 40 Sailors still remain entombed on the ship today. Carr said that over the past six decades, the ship's wreckage has evolved into an entire ecosystem supporting live coral, several sea horse colonies and turtles that have made the ship their home. "She is such a beautiful ship," Carr said. "People look at what remains above water and just see rusting metal, but underneath the water there is a whole ecosystem of life and vegetation. It is my hope that the buoys will not only serve as an interpretive moment for visitors to realize the USS Utah's true magnificence, but also protect a piece of history that lies underneath," she added.
Retired Navy Master Chief Petty Officer Jim Taylor, who now serves as the Pearl Harbor survivor liaison for Navy Region Hawaii, said he believes the Utah's ceremonial presence serves as one of the most reverent and peaceful memorials on Pearl Harbor. "As the Navy's survivor burial coordinator, I chose the USS Utah to be the site where we conduct interments and scatter the ashes of our Pearl Harbor survivors who wish to return to their shipmates," he said. "It is a beautiful place where families can come out for the ceremony and say their final farewell to loved ones." Taylor said that since the ship became a national historical monument in 2008, thanks to a bill signed by President George W. Bush, it is under the care of the National Park Service with future plans for the memorial to become one of the stops on the NPS Ford Island bus tour. "In the past, not many people knew too much about the ship because it was not heavily advertised like the USS Arizona Memorial and not a part of the Ford Island tour," he said. "But now that it has national monument status, there are future plans for drawing more attention and the ship finally getting the attention and recognition she deserves.�
Left: USS Utah doing 19 knots on a high-speed bombing run off Goanives, Haiti, 1939, Below right: The overturned USS Utah after the Japanese attack. Attempts to right her proved unsuccessful and the ship was left where she sank on the east side of Ford Island. Top right: The USS Utah Memorial today.(Photo by Tom Sakiyama) r e m e m b r a n c e
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Guam expansion central to U.S. realignment strategy in Asia By Teri Weaver, Stars and Stripes TOKYO — When it comes to regional security, many Western Pacific nations like the idea of thousands of U.S. Marines permanently stationed close by. As long as they are not too close. As part of a complex plan to reduce the sprawling American military presence on the Japanese island of Okinawa, U.S. officials approached Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines and Australia about the possibility of hosting permanent new American military bases. All four said no. That left tiny Guam, which for more than six decades has served as a reliable American staging point during wars and an often-forgotten port and air strip during peacetime. Military leaders say that maintaining a stable home for U.S. troops in Asia is vital for security in a region where Islamic extremists are fighting in the Philippines and Indonesia, North Korea remains erratic and threatening, and China is seeking to expand its economic and military influence. Even if that stable home is more than a thousand miles from Japan. “It’s a U.S. possession that’s the closest to Asia,” said Rick Castberg, an emeritus professor of political science at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. “I think the military sees it as invaluable.” What’s more, the plans for stationing 8,600 Marines on Guam fit with the military’s emphasis on building long-lasting bases around the world that can provide rapid, flexible response in times of crisis. And it’s a friendly home for U.S. military assets that are not always welcome elsewhere, such as nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and high-flying Global Hawk surveillance drones. “Guam is, in some ways, the poster child for that kind of notion, where you can operate as you need to, to take on new challenges flexibly,” said Derek Mitchell, the principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for Asian and
Pacific Security Affairs. “It is central, I think, to realignment strategy.” Many on Guam embraced the proposed U.S. expansion and the prospect of additional federal money for the island’s crumbling infrastructure and struggling public services. The longterm military investment — an estimated $10.3 billion for the Marines’ move alone — would put money back into a part of the United States, another benefit of building inside the country, Mitchell said. But as plans have evolved, so have concerns about how the island’s 178,000 residents will handle a huge spike in permanent population, which will be an estimated 34,000 new troops, civilian workers and dependents. The fast-paced construction schedule also could add nearly 80,000 temporary workers to the island by 2014. last month, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized as “inadequate” the environmental impact statement that the military prepared in advance of the Guam expansion, noting that the massive project would “exacerbate existing substandard environmental conditions.” Among the environmental agency’s concerns: threats to 71 acres of coral reef in Guam’s main harbor and contamination risks to the island’s only freshwater aquifer. Other critics on Guam are con-
cerned about plans to build expanded firing ranges and increase training flights on the island. Madeleine Bordallo, Guam’s delegate to Congress, said last month she would withdraw support for the buildup unless the Pentagon slows its construction plans. Around the same time, Sen. Jim Webb, D-Va., who chairs the Senate Armed Services personnel subcommittee, visited Guam and Japan and said he shared concerns about the construction schedule. “Specifically, the U.S. government should recognize the needs and sensitivities of the people and the limitations of space on the island,” he said in a written statement after the trip. “If the United States remains committed to an active forward presence in Asia, and an increased U.S. military presence on Guam, then it must demonstrate that commitment by providing the civilian infrastructure and services needed to support an increased population on the island.” Yet the military doesn’t seem to be backing down. In fact, it’s asking Guam to do more. The Army is now looking at Guam as one of five possible locations for its new joint high speed vessels. “When God gives you a gift,” said Stephen Yates, a senior fellow in Asian studies for the American Foreign Policy Council, “it’s good to use it.”
Any illusions that Guam’s strategic importance to the United States is a recent phenomenon, should note the late 1940s Fifth Naval Construction Brigade Land Allocation Map (page showing the military installations extant on the island after the war. It was not until 1995, through a Navy, Guam Land Use Working Group recommendation, that 8,000 acres of land were released back to Guam. (RS) 4
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the battle for
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal figures prominently in the HBO mini-series,The Pacific, for a reason. The first US amphibious counteroffensive of the Second World War, the battle for Guadalcanal was fought under some of the most brutal conditions imaginable, produced one of the longest battles of the Pacific War, and saw tremendous loss of life on both the American and Japanese sides. The fight involved the newly formed 1st Marine Division, fleets of Navy ships, F4F Wildcat fighters and, eventually, reinforcements of Army infantry. Fought with antiquated WWI hardware, few supplies, and mostly green volunteers, the battle nonetheless stopped the Japanese juggernaut in the Pacific and saw the US on the offensive for the first time. Excerpt’s from Samuel Morison’s “The Struggle for Guadalcanal,” part of his monumental History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Naval Historical Center text, and a brief excerpt from Helmet for My Pillow, Robert Leckie’s Pacific War journal, follow to give some idea of this first, of what was to become many, crucial D-Days in the Pacific. To purchase Mr. Leckie’s book and to find more resources on this critical WWII battle, please visit the AMMA bookstore at www.arizonamemorialbookstore.org In the six months between August 1942 and February 1943, the United States and its Pacific Allies fought a brutally hard air-sealand campaign against the Japanese for possession of the previously-obscure island of Guadalcanal. The Allies' first major offensive action of the Pacific War, the contest began as a risky enterprise since Japan still maintained a significant naval superiority in the Pacific ocean. Nevertheless, the U.S. First Marine Division landed on 7 August 1942 to seize a nearly-complete airfield at Guadalcanal's lunga Point and an anchorage at nearby Tulagi, bounding a picturesque body of water that would soon be named "Iron Bottom Sound". Action ashore went well, and Japan's initial aerial response was costly and unproductive. However, only two days after the landings, the U.S. and Australian navies were handed a serious defeat in the Battle of Savo Island. A lengthy struggle followed, with its focus the lunga Point airfield, renamed Henderson Field. Though regularly bombed and shelled by the enemy, Henderson Field's planes were still able to fly, ensuring that Japanese efforts to build and maintain ground forces on Guadalcanal were prohibitively expensive. Ashore, there was hard fighting in a miserable climate, with U.S. Marines and Soldiers, aided by local people and a few colonial authorities,
demonstrating the fatal weaknesses of Japanese ground combat doctrine when confronted by determined and well-trained opponents who possessed superior firepower. At sea, the campaign featured two major battles between aircraft carriers that were more costly to the Americans than to the Japanese, and many submarine and air-sea actions that gave the Allies an advantage. Inside and just outside Iron Bottom Sound, five significant surface battles and several skirmishes convincingly proved just how superior Japan's navy then was in night gunfire and torpedo combat. With all this, the campaign's outcome was very much in doubt for nearly four months and was not certain until the Japanese completed a stealthy evacuation of their surviving ground troops in the early hours of 8 February 1943. Guadalcanal was expensive for both sides, though much more so for Japan's soldiers than for U.S. ground forces. The opponents suffered high losses in aircraft and ships, but those of the United States were soon replaced, while those of Japan were not. Strategically, this campaign built a strong foundation on the footing laid a few months earlier in the Battle of Midway, which had brought Japan's Pacific offensive to an abrupt halt. At Guadalcanal, the Japanese were harshly shoved into a long and costly retreat, one that continued virtually unchecked until their August 1945 capitulation. – Naval Historical Center
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[T]he United States Navy fought six major engagements in waters adjacent to Guadalcanal, more bitter and bloody than any naval battle in American history since 1814. Four of them were night gunfire actions of a kind that we may never see again; two were carrier-air battles of the pattern set at Coral Sea.... In addition, there were a score of naval actions involving destroyers and motor torpedo boats which never attained the dignity of names; fights almost daily between the Imperial Japanese Air Force and American fliers; some thirty occasions when land-based airplanes attacked ships; a fair number of submarine battles; and almost continual ground fighting by United States Marines and Army against Japanese troops, including the Battles of the Tenaru River, the Matanikau River, the Bloody Ridge, Henderson Field, Point Cruz, the Gifu and the Galloping Horse, which are worthy to figure in any military history. The Guadalcanal campaign is unique for variety and multiplicity of weapons employed and for coordination between sea power, ground power and air power. And certainly no cam-
paign in modern history is more fraught with ferocity and misery; none has blazed more brightly with heroism and self-sacrifice.... We cannot pretend to write of that stinking island with the detachment and objectivity expected of trained historians, for both Commander Shaw and I had a part in the torment and the passion; and we sometimes feel that we are writing not for the present or for posterity but for ghosts, like that of Private First Class Cameron of the Marine Corps whose rude epitaph I copied from one of the long rows of crosses and stars in the lunga Point Cemetery: And when he goes to Heaven To Saint Peter he will tell: Another Marine reporting, Sir; I’ve served my time in hell! – Samuel Eliot Morison, The Struggle for Guadalcanal
Top right: This Marine Corps map shows all of the major landings conducted during the Operation Watchtower campaign. Top left: August 7, 1942: U.S. Marines, with full battle kits, charge ashore on Guadalcanal Island from a landing barge during the early phase of the U.S. offensive in the Solomon Islands during World War II. (AP Photo) Lower left: By 8 August this important airfield, a primary objective of the battle, had been captured and renamed Henderson Field after major Lofton E. Henderson, a Marine pilot killed at Midway. Left: A map of the South Pacific clearly shows the strategic importance of the Solomon chain, lying directly between Hawaii and Australia. A major objective of the Japanese move into the area was the servering of this vital link.
Now I could see the assault waves forming near the other ships. Boat after boat would load up, then detach itself from the mother ship to join its mates, circling, circling, like monster water bugs on frolic. “Everybody down!” Now I could see the circles fan out into the attack line. like my buddies, I was crouching below the gunwales, feeling the boat beneath me swing slowly round to point its nose shoreward. The deck vibrated in a rush of power. The assault began. Now I was praying again. I had prayed much of the night before, carefully, deliberately, impetrating God and the Virgin to care for my family and friends should I fall. In the vanity of youth, I was positive I would die; in the same vanity, I was turning my affairs over to the Almighty, like an older brother clapping the younger on the back and saying, “John, now you’re the man of the house.” But my prayers were a jumble. I could think of nothing but the shoreline where we were to land. There were other boatloads of marines ahead of us. I fancied firing from behind their prostrate bodies, building a protective wall of torn and reddened flesh. I could envision a holocaust among the coconuts. I no longer prayed. I was like an animal: ears straining for the sound of battle, body tensing for the leap over the side. The boat struck the shore, lurched, came to a halt. Instantly I was up and over. The blue sky seemed to swing in a giant arc. I had r e m e m b r a n c e
a glimpse of palm fronds swaying gently above, the delicate and exquisite sight I have ever seen. There followed a blur. It was a swiftly shifting kaleidoscope of form and color and movement. I lay panting on the sand, among the tall coconut trees, and realized I was wet up to the hips. I had gotten some twenty yards inland. But there was no fight. The Japanese had run. We lay there, fanned out in battle array, but there was no one to oppose us. Within moments, the tension had relaxed. We looked around our exotic surroundings. Soon there were grins and wisecracks. “Hey, lieutenant,” the Hoosier pouted, “this is a helluva way to run a war.” From somewhere came the command: “move out!” We formed staggered squads and slogged off. We left our innocence on Red Beach. It would never be the same. For ten minutes we had had something like bliss, a flood of wellbeing following upon our unspeakable relief at finding our landing unopposed. Even as we stepped for the white glare of the beach into the sheltering shade of the coconut groves, there broke out behind us the yammer of antiaircraft guns and the whine of speeding aircraft. The Japs had come. The war was on. It would never be the same. – Robert leckie, Helmet for My Pillow s p r i n g
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Saint Damien of Molokaʻi, A legacy of love and Service By Edean Saito The eyes of the world were on Vatican City October 11, 2009 when Pope Benedict XVI declared Father Damien de Veuster a saint. While the declaration comes as no surprise to the more than 8,000 people who were removed from their families and forcibly relocated to the peninsula of Kalaupapa on the island of Molokaʻi from 1866 to 1969, the long-awaited honor was nonetheless welcome. Father lane Akiona has said: “He was the builder. He was the coffin builder. He was the gravedigger. He did the services. He anointed them [Molokaʻi’s Hansen’s disease patients]. He was their nurse and doctor. He did practically everything for them.” Truly a man of the people, St. Damien served those afflicted with leprosy at Kalaupapa for 16 years until his own death from the disease. “Christ said the greatest love a person can give is to lay his life down for another,” Father Akiona said. To all of the patients at Kalaupapa who knew him, Damien was a truly selfless man, full of love for those afflicted with leprosy, and willing to make the ultimate sacrifice for their benefit. Hawaii resident Audrey Toguchi, now 80 years old, credits her survival and recovery from lung cancer a decade ago to prayer. Ms. Toguchi received no modern medical treatment, but instead prayed to Father Damien, asking for his blessing. Ms. Toguchi’s physician, Dr. Walter Chang, astonished by her recovery, insisted that she contact the Catholic Diocese with her story. Beatified in 1992 by Pope John Paul II for the miraculous cure of a French nun, documented in 1895, the unexplained cancer cure of Audrey Toguchi was finally accepted by Pope Benedict XVI on July 3, 2008 as the miracle required for Damien’s canonization. 8
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More than 500 islanders made the 7000-mile pilgrimage from Hawaii to Damien’s birthplace in Tremelo, Belgium. On October 5, the travelers from Hawaii participated in a celebration with a huge Mass attended by the king and queen of Belgium. The celebration ended as 20,000 people watched the evening’s fireworks display. Of the many that made that long journey from Hawaii, 11 were Hansen’s disease patients. One of the youngest of them, at age 68, was Kalaupapa bookstore, Arizona Memorial Museum Association employee Clarence “Boogie” Kahilihiwa. Being his first trip to Belgium and in total awe, he stated, “This is my first time here, and the people are very friendly. Everyone’s been just terrific. There’s so much media over here. We are so humbled by the attention. We are truly enjoying ourselves. Everyone is in high spirits, and Father Damien is with us. He is always with us.” Families and friends, other residents of Kalaupapa, members of the church, and a hula halau accompanied the patients. The group spent about a week in Italy, celebrating Masses and visiting sacred sites. In a Mass that began at 10 am on October 11, 2009 in Rome, Pope Benedict XVI officially added Damien to the Canon of Saints along with four others, and Damien became Hawaii’s first saint. The ceremony in St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican included the pope reading a formal act of canonization, and a chanting of the litany of saints. Some 20,000 attended the canonization of Damien in the Basilica, while tens of thousands more crowded into St. Peter’s Square to watch the ceremony on large television screens. r e m e m b r a n c e
Left: Vatican City and St. Peter’s Square where the official pronouncement of Damien’s sainthood took place on October 11, 2009. Photo by David Iliff.
About 400 visitors were invited to the remote settlement of Kalaupapa on Molokaʻi for the finale of a month long observance of the sainthood of Damien de Veuster on November 7, 2009. With the settlement separated from the rest of Molokaʻi by steep cliffs, and an airport served daily by only two scheduled flights of a nine-seat airplane, it’s not easy to gather family and friends for a party. The large crowd put the National Park Service into logistics overdrive. Rangers from the Big Island and Maui were brought in to assist the 40 Kalaupapa NPS staff. Maui Police and Fire Department along with Health Care Association of Hawaii doctors and EMS technicians were brought in. The FAA setup a temporary control center for a total of 44 flights of chartered aircraft that shuttled people into the airport and out again after ceremonies. As flights arrived at the quaint Kalaupapa airport, shuttle buses provided visitors transportation to the Kalawao end of the peninsula for an open air Mass outside Damien’s church, St. Philomena and then back to the Kalaupapa end of the peninsula for a luau at the McVeigh community hall, a historical gathering place in Kalaupapa village.
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Above: Kalaupapa, Molokaʻi, November 7, 2009. Below: Guests watch the proceedings from the back lawn of St Philomena Church. Photos by Alby Saunders.
The Saint Damien Canonization Celebratory Mass was officiated by the Most Reverend larry Silva, Bishop of Honolulu with music by St. John’s Vianney Choir. After the Mass, thirteen women of the Na Wahine o Kalawao hula halau, in their white muumuus reminiscent of the 19th century, beautifully danced to a song, “St. Damien”. The halau is a reflection of the unique population in Kalaupapa, former leprosy patients, Department of Health and National Park Service employees. Other noted speakers were Reverend Charles Buck and Reverend Dean Fujii of the United Church of Christ, Gloria Marks of the Kalaupapa Patient Advisory Council, and Elder Holbrook Dupont of the Church of Jesus Christ of latter Day Saints. Following the ceremonial celebration, shuttle buses transported all of the visitors to McVeigh Home Complex for a Kalaupapa Saint Damien Celebratory luau, a true Hawaiian event with food and entertainment to celebrate Damien’s life, his canonization, and the community of Kalaupapa.
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Left: The USS Missouri in drydock on the last night before her return to Ford Island. Right: Seawater floods Dry Dock 4 at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard during the undocking of the battleship EX-USS Missouri (BB 63). US Navy photos by Liane Nakahara (l) and Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Robert Stirrup.
USS Missouri Returns, 100 Service Members Reenlist By Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class (SW) Mark Logico, Commander Navy Region Hawai‘i Public Affairs PEARl HARBOR -- More than 100 service members reenlisted aboard the Battleship Missouri Memorial as the ship returned to its home pier near the Arizona Memorial Jan. 7. The former USS Missouri (BB 63) returned to its pier along Battleship Row, Ford Island, Jan. 7 after three months of extensive maintenance work at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard (PHNS). During the historic journey back from the dry dock to Battleship Row, Naval Station Pearl Harbor Executive Officer Capt. lawrence Scruggs reenlisted the service members from the different branches. "This is a once-in-a-lifetime experience," said Scruggs. "To be on a battleship that had a big historical impact to WWII, it brings home the sacrifice of our veterans and the hard life that the sailors of the earlier days had to maintain a battleship like this. I'm excited to be able to reenlist our fine Airmen, Sailors, Marines and Soldiers that have been in harm's way and represent the best of the United States." Missouri returned after 12 weeks and $18 million worth of preservation and
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maintenance work at PHNS's largest dry dock facility. "We are returning [Missouri] to Battleship Row," said Mike Pagano, the military liaison for the USS Missouri Memorial Association Inc. "We're going back to where she belongs. She is one of the bookends of WWII. The Arizona signifies the beginning of WWII, and the Battleship Missouri represents the end of WWII. The place of tragedy, the r, the place of triumph, the Missouri." After its return to Battleship Row, the ship is scheduled to re-open to the public on Jan. 30 to show off its new coat of paint, enhanced tour route and informational signage. A new custom-designed tenting will also be installed over high traffic areas and special events sites. "It's almost like she's getting back into service just as these people [re-enlistees] are saying that, 'I'm going to commit to another three or four years of going back into the breach, in a time of war,'" said Mike Pagano, the military liaison for the USS Missouri Memorial Association, Inc. Pagano personally coordinated the reenlistment ceremony. He said the majority of the re-enlistees aboard the
ship are signing up for three to four additional years of service. Since opening in 1999, the memorial has hosted reenlistments, promotions, commissionings, retirements and change of command ceremonies for Sailors, Soldiers, Airmen and Marines. Over the last three years, the memorial has accommodated an average of 357 military ceremonies for 7,100 military personnel and guests per year. Master Sgt. Hoang McChesney, assigned to U.S. Pacific Command, said he was excited when he heard about the re-enlistment ceremony aboard Missouri during its return to Battleship Row. "This was an awesome opportunity," said McChesney. "My wife told me about it, and I just had to jump on top of it. You never get a chance like this, so I wanted to do this. I've never been on a ship while it's moving." McChesney, who has been with the Air Force for 18 years, is looking forward to serving another four years. "Right now I just want to finish my degree and start planning for the next phase of my life," said McChesney.
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There are now three restrooms instead of the one facility before, and the bookstore doubled in size. Ceiling fans, lots of windows and natural airflow are used in place of air conditioning to keep the bookstore cool. The amount of seating around the visitor center was tripled, and back lawn space fronting the waterfront has jumped fourfold. Queueing up for boat ride tickets to the memorial has been made easier by allowing one group member to stand in line — instead of the whole group — and allowing a tour group representative to obtain multiple tickets. “We were plagued with so many problems with the old visitor center,” Fake said. “The new center is just such a dramatic difference and it’s so much more visitor-friendly.” larry Panigot, 49, from Dallas, who was visiting with his wife, brother and some friends, said he appreciates the big change. “It’s a lot nicer. You’ve got space to actually get around and look and see stuff without being on top of each other,” he said. “It was just so cramped before. Here, you’ve got all the information for the Bowfin and the Missouri.” Work Remains Two cranes are operating behind a 12-foot construction barrier just outside the oasis that is the new visitor center in a sign of the work that remains to be done. About 185 piles were driven deep into the ground to support the first phase, and about 80 more will be driven for the second phase. “Road to War,” “Oahu 1941” and “Attack and Aftermath” exhibits will be part of the second phase, expected to be completed by Dec. 7, the 69th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. A 23-minute film explaining the world-changing event is shown every half-hour in a covered but open-air venue as the visitor center’s two theaters are renovated. Dave Goodman, 69, a retired Air Force chief master sergeant who was providing information as a historic site “ambassador,” said the new visitor center and centralized ticketing are a huge improvement. “So many sacrifices were made here, the least we can do is make it as good as we can,” he said.
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B Entrance C AMMA Bookstore D Aloha Court E Joint Ticketing/Information F Audio Tour Desk
G USS Arizona Anchor H Remembrance Circle I Walkway to Shuttle Boats J Shuttle Boat Waiting Area K Education and Research Center L Temporary Theater
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While many visitor facilities, including restrooms, a snack shop, ticketing, the Research and Education Center, the AMMA bookstore, and the Audio Tour desk are now open, the buildings shaded in blue to the left, the Memorial Theater, and the Exhibit Galleries Road to War and Attack, are currently under construction. The entire Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center will open to the public on December 7, 2010. Dedication ceremonies, as well as the Pearl Harbor Day Commemoration, will take place that day. We appreciate your patience and understanding during this time as we work to provide a better Museum & Visitor Center and the best experience for our visitors: Tickets – free of charge, are distributed on a first come, first served basis beginning at 7:00am, daily (with the exception of Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day), via our new ticket counter. Tours – out to the Memorial begin at 7:45am and continue every 20 minutes until the last tour at 3:00pm. Phase II of Construction – began on February 17, 2010 and is scheduled to continue through Fall 2010. Current theaters will be undergoing renovations; during this time the film portion of the tour will be relocated for viewing on the outside lanai of the new Education & Research building. During this time, tickets will not be required to view the film, however tickets are still necessary to take the boat ride out to the USS Arizona Memorial. April 5-14, 2010 – Shuttle boats to the Memorial will be unavailable during this time. Piles are being driven through the theater foundation necessitating, for safety considerations, the closure of the nearby shuttle boat dock. The new visitor center and all other Pearl Harbor Historic Sites (Pacific Aviation Museum, USS Bowfin Submarine Park and Museum, and Battleship Missouri Memorial) will remain open. Mid-April through December 2010 – The Visitor Center parking lots will be undergoing reconstruction from about the middle of April until the end of the year. A multi-million dollar contract was recently awarded by the Defense Department that: “provides for the construction of a new parking lot which consists of access road and drop-off area; sidewalks; chain link and ornamental fencing and vehicular gates; drainage improvements; lighting; closed circuit television; landscaping; and other miscellaneous items of work.” We apologize for any inconvenience the continuing construction may cause. In the case of parking, we are working diligently to find alternate places to park. Please stay tuned to the AMMA website, www.arizonamemorial.org, for details.
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Kermit Tyler 1913 – 2010 KERMIT A. TYlER of San Diego passed away peacefully on Saturday, January 23, 2010 with his family by his side. He was 96. Kermit was born in Oelwein, Iowa on April 21, 1913. In the 1920’s, his family moved to long Beach, CA. After attending college in long Beach, he joined the Civilian Conservation Corps for 2 years. In 1936, Kermit was accepted into the US army for cadet flying training. He married Marian McQuone, the love of his life, in 1944, and they spent the next 62 years together. He continued his career in the USAF as a fighter pilot. Kermit is perhaps most remembered for his involvement at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 as the officer on duty when the Japanese made their approach to the island. He has revisited Hawaii various times throughout the years as a panel member and a speaker, talking about the fateful day from his perspective. He served his country in the USAF for 24 years and retired as a lt Colonel in 1961. He received a legion of Merit award
as well as other decorations. After retiring, he settled in San Diego with his wife, four children and his parents. He received a degree in Business from SDSU and became a real estate broker and later a landlord. Kermit was always an active man and enjoyed golf, tennis, surfing and windsurfing. He continued surfing into his 80’s and tennis into his 90’s. He loved the ocean and he will return to it with his burial. He was a calm, responsible, and hardworking man. He loved a good joke and life in general and always said “if you have your health and family you have everything”. He lived a long and happy life and will be truly missed. He is survived by three children, Carol Daniels of Morro Bay, Julie Jones of la Mesa and Terry Tyler of Temecula, three grandchildren, Michael Tyler Jr., Todd Tyler, and Ryan Jones, and great-granddaughter, all of San Diego. He was preceded in death by his wife and his son, Michael Tyler. If desired donations can be made to the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund PO Box 29940 Honolulu, HI 96820.
I had an opportunity to meet Kermit Tyler at both the 60th and 65th Pearl Harbor Commemoration symposia held in Honolulu, Hawaii. I found the former Army Air Corps pilot, one of the most prominent individuals connected to the Pearl Harbor story, a soft-spoken, unassuming gentleman. After hearing him speak, my initial impression was that the official investigations conducted over the years had provided a vindication of sorts for his actions on December 7, 1941. His thoughtful recounting of those events led me to believe Mr. Tyler felt sure that he would be remembered not as irresponsible, but only misunderstood. As if the years had offered an absolution of sorts to the man whose words, as the London Times said, “have become among the most quoted of the Second World War.” But something stood out near the end of Mr. Tyler’s remarks. “So that kind of lifted the load a little bit,” he said, referring to Admiral Nimitz’s exoneration. It was as if, even after 65 years, the words, spoken in the most understated way, were a lifeline for a conscience tragically strained by the vagaries of history. RS Kermit Tyler speaks at the Pearl Harbor 60th Anniversary Conference. To his far left, Phil Rasmussen, a P-36 pilot who was one of the few to get his plane aloft on December 7, 1941, and to his immediate left, Bill Cope, A B-18 pilot who witnessed the attack with his wife, Ruth from their quarters at Hickam. Top right photo by Maureen Monte. 1 6
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Pearl Harbor goes with a flow Centralized ticketing for USS Arizona, other sites eases visitor experience By William Cole, Honolulu Advertiser he problem for the two couples from Denver was how to divvy up their time at Pearl Harbor’s historic sites on Tuesday. “The Missouri and Arizona are primarily my two, and he wanted to go to” the Pacific Aviation Museum, said Derek Rosso, 27, referring to his wife’s brother. “Everything here seems interesting.” And now a lot easier to schedule, navigate and see. A long-awaited centralized ticketing office for Pearl Harbor’s four historic sites opened last week at the new USS Arizona Memorial visitor center. The Arizona Memorial to the left, and the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park, Battleship Missouri Memorial and Pacific Aviation Museum to the right. There were a lot of back-and-forth head swivels as visitors scanned the signs to figure out a game plan, but it’s now one-stop shopping for tickets instead of a trek to two locations to fit in a day of history and remembrance. With the completion in mid-February of the first half of the Arizona Memorial’s new $58 million visitor center, and now the centralized ticketing, there’s a new cohesion in more ways than one tying the four historic sites together. The USS Arizona Memorial is the state’s No. 1 tourist attraction, drawing more than 1.4 million visitors annually. Before the first phase of the new visitor center was completed, the next-door Bowfin submarine was partially obscured by a parking lot, chainlink fence and bushes. “People didn’t really know we were here,” said Jerry Hofwolt, a retired Navy captain and executive director of the Bowfin museum. Tickets for the other two nonprofit historic sites, the battleship Missouri and Pacific Aviation Museum, are still sold at the Bowfin. But the new open-air Arizona Memorial visitor center now extends to the Bowfin museum, and the 312foot World War II sub known as the “Pearl Harbor Avenger” is visible like never before. “Before, the visitors were over there (at the Arizona Memorial). We were over here, 200 yards away. Now, we’re 15 feet away,” Hofwolt said of the new ticketing arrange-
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ment. “That’s got to have a positive effect.” On Tuesday, Bill and Felicia Jackson from Phoenix had time to spare after getting tickets for a later boat ride to the Arizona Memorial and decided to take a tour of the Bowfin while they waited. “I saw the submarine and just thought it was the easiest thing to do for the next hour and a half,” Bill Jackson said. A new favorite photo for visitors is the 19,585-pound anchor from the USS Arizona, moved to the back lawn, with a background view of the memorial, the battleship Missouri and the barber-striped Ford Island control tower, which will be part of the Pacific Aviation Museum. Ground was broken for the new visitor center in November 2008. Part of the reason for the new construction was unexpected sinkage of the facility, which opened in 1980. The original visitor center was built on fill material added to expand Halawa basin. When it opened, the center was expected to sink no more than 18 inches over time. Instead, it settled more than 30 inches, causing water to enter the basement and erode the concrete structure. It also was designed for 2,000 visitors a day, not the 4,500 who show up at the memorial, which is run by the National Park Service and does not charge admission. Larger Area President Bush in late 2008 expanded the park service’s focus by declaring the USS Arizona Memorial and other sites in the Pacific to be part of a new World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument. The memorial itself, spanning the sunken battleship Arizona, was built in 1962. The visitor center’s campus-like design spreads new buildings and shaded walkways over a much larger area than before. An undulating roof design is intended to improve natural air flow. The first phase, including an education center, restrooms, a bookstore, snack shop and administrative offices, opened Feb. 17, said Tom Fake, regional project director for the National Park Service. (continued on next page g) s p r i n g
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Kermit Tyler “The first time I was assigned to this duty as Pursuit Officer was the Wednesday before the attack on Pearl Harbor…. My next assignment was Saturday noon. But late in the morning Saturday, I received information that I was to come in from 4 to 8 am on Sunday. Sunday morning, I got up at 2:30 or 3 and started driving toward town. I flipped on the radio and I heard Hawaiian music playing constantly. This told me a flight of B-17s was coming in on its way to the Far East. I had a bomber pilot friend who’d made one of these trips, I was visiting at his house in Honolulu, and he just casually mentioned this. So I had it fixed in my mind that B-17s were coming in. This was of considerable
importance later on. About 7:15 I had a call from Private Lockard, who was the senior, most experienced of the two people at Opana Station on the North Shore of Oahu. He told me he had the largest flight he had ever seen. Well, I already had it in my mind that this plot…was very probably the B-17s and they weren’t very much off course. I later checked it and if they were as little as three degrees off course in coming from Hamilton Field [California] they would have been in that same position. I thought it over at considerable length. I didn’t just jump at it. I could see no reason why I should take any action
and so I said, “Don’t worry about it.” I’ve often pondered, if by some way or other, I might have been able to get word to the Navy to allow them to get the ships out of the harbor, then things would have been better. To my surprise, I found out early this year that Admiral Nimitz had said that it was God’s mercy that the ships were still in the harbor, where they were sunk but in such a shallow place they could be resurrected and used. If they’d been out in the ocean, they would have been sunk in deep water; we would have lost maybe 20,000 men and all of those ships. So, that kind of lifted the load a little bit.”
Excerpt – Final “Roberts Commission” Report 1942 “The responsibilities of the Army included the installation and operation of an aircraft warning system for the detection of water-borne and air- borne craft at a distance from the coast. Throughout the spring and summer of 1941 the Army was engaged in the installation of permanent facilities for this purpose on the Hawaiian Islands. Permanent installations had not, on December 7, 1941, been completed. By November 27, 1941, certain mobile equipment had been installed at temporary locations, and was being operated intermittently throughout the day for the purpose of training personnel in its operation. On November 27, 1941, in connection with the order for alert No. 1, the commanding general, Hawaiian Department, ordered that this system be operated each day during the period from 4 until 7 a. m. It was intended that in the near
future the Navy should have officer personnel in the information center, but up December 7 such officers had not been designated. In accordance with the order in effect, the system closed at 7 a. m. Sunday, December 7. A noncommissioned officer who had been receiving training requested that he be allowed to remain at one of the stations, and as granted leave so to do. At about 7:02 a. m. he discovered what he thought was a large flight of planes slightly east of north of Oahu, at a distance of about 130 miles. He reported this fact at 7:20 a. m. to a lieutenant of the Army who was at the central information center, having been detailed there to familiarize himself with the operation of the system. This inexperienced lieutenant, having information that certain United States planes might be in the vicinity at
the time, assumed that the planes in question were friendly planes, and took no action with respect to them. The recording of the observation made indicated that these airplanes were tracked toward the land and then lost. On November 27, 1941, there was sufficient partially trained personnel available to operate the aircraft warning system throughout 24 hours of the day, as installed in its temporary locations. An arc of nearly 360 around Oahu could have been covered. Admiral Kimmel, on and prior to December 7,1941, assumed that the aircraft warning system was being fully operated by the Army, but made no inquiry after reading any of the messages of October and November from the War and Navy Departments as to what the fact was with respect to its operation.”
Dr. Harry Butowsky – author and historian “The story of the Opana Radar site and the men operating it is world famous and has entered the mythology of the history of World War II.... [W]e have to remember, on the morning of December 7, 1941, the United States was not at war. The first operational use of radar was during peacetime. In spite of what happened, and the fact that the radar picked up the Japanese planes coming in, the Japanese were still able to carry out the attack. r e m e m b r a n c e
Failure to warn the Army command in Hawaii on December 7, 1941 was not a failure of technology as much as it was a failure of organization. The use of radar was not fully incorporated into an integrated air defense system of the Hawaiian Islands. While the technology of radar functioned as intended, and detected the incoming planes, there was no way to accurately assess the information or communicate this information and knowledge
to those in command. The Army aircraft remained on the ground. The Army high command did not learn about the Opana radar sightings until well after the attack. Let me emphasize that Privates Elliott and Lockard, Private MacDonald and Lt. Tyler were ordinary men placed in extraordinary circumstances and each one of these men did his duty.”
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Hawaiian blessing for the first phase of the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center replacement and expansion project was offered Feb. 16 by Kahu Kamaki Kanahele and Kahu Herbert Kalena Hew len. Government and military officials, community leaders, donors and Pearl Harbor survivors attended the ceremony, followed by a tour of the phase one facilities, a special briefing on construction plans for the remaining facilities and an update on the grand opening and dedication of the new visitor center which is scheduled for December of this year. Assisting with the untying of the maile lei during the Hawaiian blessing were Hawaii State Senator Daniel K. Inouye; Paul DePrey, superintendent for the National Park Service at the World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument; Tom Fake, regional project director, National Park Service, Pacific Region; Rear Adm. Dixon Smith, commander, Navy Region Hawaii and commander, Naval Surface Group Middle Pacific; Bob Kinzler, president, Pearl Harbor Survivors Association, Aloha Chapter; Herb Weatherwax, Pearl Harbor survivor; George E. Sullivan, board chairman of the Arizona Memorial Museum Association; and Denny Watts, president and chief executive officer for Watts Constructors, llC. The National Park Service, Navy Region Hawaii and the Arizona Memorial Museum Association announced that an important construction milestone on the new $58 million USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center replacement and expansion project has been reached. Phase I of the project, which includes
facilities for central ticketing for USS Arizona Memorial tours and Pearl Harbor Historic Partner attractions, a new bookstore, education and research center, restrooms, snack bar and administrative offices, has been completed and is ready for operation. Construction on the final phase of the project will now begin and includes the renovation of the twin theaters where visitors will view a 23-minute documentary film on the Pearl Harbor attack prior to visiting the memorial, a new indoor and outdoor museum gallery, and expanded visitor comfort areas and landscaping. During the renovation of the theaters, viewing of the documentary will be offered on a continuous basis at the education and research center. Visitors are also advised that parking at the visitor center during the final construction phase will be limited and are encouraged to take advantage of alternative public transportation options. When fully completed in December, the new visitor center will include an additional six acres of land, bringing the total land area to approximately 17.4 acres. The new museum and visitor center, at 23,600 square feet, nearly doubles the size of the current museum allowing for a greatly expanded, and comprehensive interpretation of the attack on Pearl Harbor and WWII in the Pacific. A grand opening and official dedication is planned for Dec. 7, to coincide with the annual observance of the attack on Pearl Harbor and a national reunion of the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association whose members and families will be gathering in Honolulu. – National Park Service
Top: The entrance to the new Pearl Harbor Memorial Visitor Center. Curved, undulating rooflines throughout the site take advantage of prevailing trade winds, channeling breezes to the interior spaces. Above left: Pearl Harbor Survivor Bob Kinzler waits patiently as Kahu Kamaki Kanahele blesses the new Visitor Center entrance. Above center: Pearl Harbor Survivors Everett Hyland and Joan Rodby just after the ceremony. Right: WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument Superintendent Paul Deprey (left), Chairman of AMMA’s Board of Directors George Sullivan (center), and Rear Adm. Dixon Smith check the 1941-era map located in the center of the Aloha Court. 1 8
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WitneSS to HiStory
Survivor SerieS
by Lisha Wong Associate Director of Membership/Development
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hanks to the continued support of members like you, our Witness to History education program has had one of its most successful years since the program’s inception. Created in 2003 Witness to History offers a unique educational experience for students of all ages. The program consists of three series presented via video teleconference and hosted by National Park Rangers, museum curators, and Pearl Harbor Survivors. This past year AMMA was fortunate enough to conduct 54 video-teleconferences at no cost to any of its participants, worldwide. For the first time in the program’s history, students from Nagoya, Japan participated in AMMA’s Witness to History video teleconference program. In December, nearly 80 students from Kinjo Gakuin Senior High School took part in the Survivor Series, the program’s most requested series. The conference, made possible with the support of the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association – Aloha Chapter, included Pearl Harbor Survivors, Sterling Cale and Herb Weatherwax. The r e m e m b r a n c e
Survivors each recollected their personal experiences and appreciated the opportunity in revealing their first-hand accounts of the War with the students. The oral histories link students from today’s generation with members of The Greatest Generation creating a history class experience like none other. With the completion of Phase I of construction, the new Museum & Visitor Center is home to the new Education & Research Center complete with state-of-theart videoconferencing technology. Videoconferences which were previously held offsite will now be conducted directly from the new Education & Research Center. The new equipment and facilities will facilitate the recordings of oral histories from Pearl Harbor Survivors so that we may always remember and never forget the story of December 7, 1941. To find out how your school can participate Witness to History, email us at witnesstohistory@hawaii.rr.com s p r i n g
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mailorder@arizonamemorial.org toll-free 1-888-485-1941 www.arizonamemorialbookstore.org
From the AMMA bookstore The Pacific, by Hugh Ambrose New American Library, New York, 2010 489 pages, $26.95/$22.91*
Helmet For My Pillow, by Robert Leckie Bantam Books, New York, 1957/2010 305 pages, $16.00/$13.60*
& ‘Hell, yes! Guadalcanal. The First Marines–Everybody’s heard of it. You guys are famous. You guys are heroes back home...’ We did not see him leave, for we had both looked away quickly–each embarrassed by the quick tears. They had not forgotten.” With the Old Breed, by E.B. Sledge Ballantine Books, New York, 1981/2007 353 pages, $7.95/$6.76*
The official companion book to the remarkable HBO television series, The Pacific is written by Hugh Ambrose, son of the noted historian and author Stephen Ambrose. Combining the idea of a Pacific War history with the desires of Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks to represent that theater of war much as they had done with the Atlantic theater in Band of Brothers, Mr. Ambrose joined the team. Mr. Ambrose states in his introduction: “The goal of The Pacific is to take the reader through the Pacific War, from first to last, through the eyes of a select few of the men who fought it. In this way, the reader enjoys the immediacy of the individual narrative, but sees the war as a whole.’ And from the Acknowledgements: “The experiences we had retracing the battles and the research we conducted have left an indelible mark upon all of us involved. The war against Japan, although part of World War II, was distinct from that waged against Germany. America’s victory changed the world. It enabled human civilization to advance. Combat in the Pacific exacted a high price from the men who won it. That cost startled us at every turn We are grateful to all of the men and women who paid it. We endeavor to honor them by presenting as much of their story as we could, as honestly as we could.”
Robert leckie, a member of the First Marine Division, relates his Pacific War experiences in this fascinating, frightening, and memorable book. Adapted for the HBO series, The Pacific, leckie’s accounts of Guadalcanal, New Britain, and Peleliu reveal the brutality and horror of the battle for the South Pacific. After five months on Guadalcanal, leckie’s Second Battalion, First Regiment was relieved by the Eighth Marine Regiment. Embarking on the President Wilson for New Zealand: “Once belowdecks, Chuckler and I set out for the galley and a cup of hot coffee and conversation. We walked in and sat down, just as the last soldier who had been aboard this transport was rising to leave. He looked down at us as we sipped the coffee from the thick white mugs. ‘How was it?’ he said, jerking his head shoreward. ‘Rough,’ we answered, mechanically. Then Chuckler spoke up, ‘You mean Guadalcanal?’ The soldier seemed surprised. ‘Of course I do.’ Chuckler hastened to explain. ‘I wasn’t being wise...I meant, had you ever heard of the place before you got here?’ His astonishment startled us. An idea was dawning, gladly. ‘Y’mean...’
“We moved rapidly in the open, amid craters and coral rubble, through everincreasing enemy fire. I saw men to my right and left running bent as low as possible. The shells screeched and whistled, exploding all around us. In many respects it was more terrifying than the landing, because there were no vehicles to carry us along, not even the thin steel sides of an amtrac for protection. We were exposed, running on our own power through a veritable shower of deadly metal and the constant crash of explosions....I clenched my teeth, squeezed my carbine stock, and recited over and over to myself, ‘The lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for thou art with me; Thy rod and Thy staff will comfort me.’ The ground seemed to sway back and forth under the concussions. I felt as though I were floating along in the vortex of some unreal thunderstorm. Japanese bullets snapped and cracked, and tracers went by me on both sides at waist height. Explosions and the hum and growl of shell fragments shredded the air.”
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he 23 minute orientation film shown at the theaters of the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center recently received a make-over. This exceptional documentary, produced by lance Bird and narrated by Stockard Channing, is a vital interpretive tool linking the history of the attack on Pearl Harbor with the personal experience of visiting the Memorial. The film, encompassing historical photography, contemporary newsreel footage, and recent film of the Memorial, prepares the viewers to visit the burial place of the many men who served on the USS Arizona while putting them in a frame of mind to pay respects to all who lost their lives on December 7, 1941. Introduced in 1992, the current film has run on reels of 35mm film requiring a special coating, no longer manufactured, known as “Photoguard”. This has become an expensive and antiquated way in which to show a film that is viewed approximately 30 times a day. The USS Arizona Memorial is the last National Park Service site still screening 35mm film. When the current 35mm film is shown for the last time in 2010, it will be the end of film projection for the National Park Service. Sony Electronics, Sony Pictures, MTI Film, EFIlM, r e m e m b r a n c e
Deluxe laboratories, and Chace Audio by Deluxe, joined forces with the National Park Service to create a digital cinema presentation of the orientation film. A 35 mm interpositive made from the original negative of the film was scanned at 4000 times the resolution at EFIlM, where final color correction was also completed. MTI Film, working from the scanned files, digitally removed dirt, scratches, stains, and other imperfections from the images. Due to the severe damage in much of the stock footage, the partners agreed to repair items as deemed practical. At the request of National Park Service, a few minor sound editorial changes were made. Chace Audio transferred the original 35mm 6-track magnetic soundtracks, edited the sections and mixed new inserts, as well as adjusted the balance of the mix, in keeping with the original intentions of the filmmakers and sound designers. Deluxe Digital Cinema created the 4K Digital Cinema Package. last fall the newly digitized USS Arizona Memorial Film premiered in Hollywood at the “Reel Thing XXII”, presented by the Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIA). “The Reel Thing” brings together a unique s p r i n g
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group of laboratory technicians and specialists who are dedicated to using the latest technologies to restore and preserve films. The USS Arizona Memorial’s documentary was in the company of noted films such as “How to Marry a Millionaire”, the classic Disney film “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and the “Apollo 11 Footage”, all of which made their debut as newly restored or digitized films. While there were chuckles and smiles during the other film premieres, there was not a dry eye in the theater when the USS Arizona Memorial Film was shown.
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Unfortunately not commercially available, the newly digitized film will be shown when the renovated theaters, equipped with Sony 4K digital projectors, open in late 2010. Viewers will be pleased to know that great care was taken not to alter the experience of the film. During your next visit to the Memorial, you will notice the film is still stirring, invoking emotion using a much more vivid and vibrant picture, as well as crystal clear sound. The preservation of memory at the WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument deserves no less. Laurie Moore, Director of Development
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A Heartfelt Thank You By Lisha Wong, Membership & Development Associate The Arizona Memorial Museum Association (AMMA) and its Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund (PHMF) would like to extend its greatest appreciation to Carole Tibayan for her volunteer efforts. Carole has been a member of our volunteer force for the last six years. Volunteering two days a week, one can often find Carole greeting visitors at the visitor table in the entrance of the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center. One of the things that Carole enjoys most about her duties is talking with the visitors and listening to their stories. She appreciates the opportunity she has to reveal the importance and significance of the USS Arizona Memorial with visitors from around the world. While she really enjoys exchanging stories with our visitors, Carole has also volunteered her time in the office helping with any administrative tasks delegated her way, always willing to lend a hand wherever help was needed.
Carole was introduced to the Arizona Memorial Museum Association and its Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund through one of AMMA’s own bookstore employee’s Adela Guy-Yoche. The two met while volunteering for another organization. Adela used her gift of gab to persuade Carole to also volunteer at the Arizona Memorial. “I never thought I would be a volunteer here,” Carole remarked. “It’s hard to believe I’ve been volunteering for six years! I didn’t think I had it in me.” When she’s not volunteering her time, Carole enjoys doing arts and crafts and spending time in her yard, gardening. Carole has been and continues to be a wonderful and dedicated volunteer. The support we receive from our many volunteers is invaluable. We would like to thank Carole and all of our volunteers for the many hours that have been committed towards building a better Museum & Visitor Center!
The Office of Hawaiian Affairs has awarded a generous grant to fund exhibits, such as the proposed wayside at far left, at the new Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center. These types of exhibits will offer much needed on-site historical interpretation of Pearl Harbor from a time before the US naval presence. Left, a bucolic scene of the harbor, circa 1900.
oahu gallery receives noteworthy grant NEWS RElEASE PEARl HARBOR, HAWAI‘I - (March 8, 2010) The Arizona Memorial Museum Association, and its Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund (PHMF), received a $100,000 award from the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA). This award is given in support of the exhibits in the planned O‘ahu Gallery at the new Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center. OHA’s award will provide funding for the fabrication and installation of new state-of-the-art museum exhibits and interpretive displays specifically related to the history surrounding Ke awalau ‘o Pu‘uloa, now more commonly referred to as Pearl Harbor. “We are so pleased to be included among the other noteworthy organizations given awards to preserve the precious memories and history associated with Hawaiian culture,” noted laurie Moore, Director of Development & Public Relations for the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund. “The O‘ahu Gallery will discuss several aspects of Hawaiian history in an accurate and unbiased manner. We are honored that OHA has chosen to partner with us in this endeavor.”
On February 17, 2010, Phase 1 of the new Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center opened to the public. Immediately prior to that, Kahu Kamaki Kanahele and Kahu Kalena Hew len performed a traditional Hawaiian blessing on the newest additions to the Museum & Visitor Center. The completed areas now open and available to visitors, include a newly constructed main entrance and ticket counter, localizing ticketing for all Pearl Harbor historic sites in one location. Also added are the new Education & Research Center, newly designed AMMA bookstore and National Park Service administration buildings. Dedication of the completed Museum & Visitor Center is scheduled for December 7, 2010. At that time, the grand opening will introduce renovated theaters and three museum galleries, including the O‘ahu Gallery. “The completion and success of this project will ensure that millions of visitors each year will better understand the history of Hawai‘i, Pearl Harbor, and WWII, and that ultimately we will appreciate the sacrifices made by many at Pearl Harbor,” stated Moore.
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Help to preserve, to protect, and to interpret history at WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument
Pearl Harbor Survivors, from left, Bob Kinzler, Al Rodrigues, Sterling Cale, Everett Hyland (seated), and Herb Weatherwax. Photo by Tony Catekista.
Dear friends, My name is Al Rodrigues and I am a Pearl Harbor Survivor. I turned 90 years old recently and while I know a lot of you are thinking, he looks pretty darn good for 90! it’s hard for me to believe 1941 was 69 years ago. It makes me feel better to know that the good folks here at the WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument are looking out for us Survivors by providing a place where our memories and our stories can live on. They tell me fund-raising is almost done for the new Visitor Center. With less than $1 million to go, all that’s left to pay for are some of the exhibits inside the new museum buildings, and the outdoor wayside exhibits. I hope it makes you feel as good as me that your donation will go directly to telling not only my story, but stories from all different kinds of people who were here at Pearl Harbor that day: sailors, soldiers, Marines, flyers, and civilians will all be remembered in this very special place. I’m very grateful that you realize how important remembering these stories is, not only to us Survivors, but more importantly, to future generations. I still volunteer here a few days a week so I know it’s a very nice place with lots of room for folks to appreciate the history that happened here. Thank you for making it all possible.
Please Remember our Greatest Generation. In appreciation for your gift your name will be added to our Honor Roll of Donors and for all donations over $25.00 you will receive a one-year complimentary Arizona Memorial Museum Association membership entitling you to valuable discounts at the USS Arizona Memorial and at National Parks bookstores across the country. To take advantage of this opportunity, please fill out the form on the reverse side of this flap. You can also honor a loved one who served in defense of our nation, past or present, in the Pearl Harbor Memorial Registry.
THE aRizona MEMoRial MUsEUM assoCiaTion
Essay Contest WHaT DoEs THE
THE Uss aRizona MEMoRial USS Arizona Memorial architect Alfred Preis purposefully left most of the famous war memorial’s interpretation up to individual visitors. Many notable features, the dip in the roofline, the twenty-one openings, seven on each side and seven on the top, were included for structural rather than symbolic reasons. However, in a 1985 interview, Mr. Preis talked about the overall philosophy behind his distinctive design: “It went back, really, to 1942. We started then to talk about a memorial, early 1942.... One [proposal], passionately defended and proposed, was a ʻusefulʻ memorial, an auditorium. To be sure, we did not need an auditorium at that time. It was I who spoke on behalf of a ʻcontemplativeʻ memorial, and argued that the purpose really is a spiritual one, to stimulate people to think, to feel in their own way about the war, about war itself. So thatʻs the way it started.” We think the Memorial has lived up to the aspirations of its architect; providing an emotional and inspirational place for people to contemplate the sacrifice, courage and resilience of a generation. What do you think? Entrants are encouraged to be creative in their submissions, and we welcome any written piece - poem, essay, story, interview, etc. - that reflects the theme. Entries will be judged on the basis of theme, presentation, creativity and message. Good luck! THE RUlEs 1. 500 words or less, in any format you choose; electronic or hand-written. 2. Entries will be judged by Remembrance editor Ray Sandla, Development Director Laurie Moore, and AMMA President and CEO Tom Shaw. 3. Entry must be postmarked by: May 30, 2010. 4. First place winner will receive a copy of the book, The Pacific, by Hugh Ambrose and a complete Blu-ray set of the HBO series (available June 15, 2010). Runner-up will receive a copy of the book, The Pacific. 5. Winner to be announced in a future issue of Remembrance and online. 6. Please download, fill out, and return with your entry a release form available at www.arizonamemorial.org/essaycontest. Those unable to download a form, please let us know and weʻll mail one to you. 7. Employees, family members, and those otherwise associated with the WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument or the Arizona Memorial Museum Association are not eligible to participate.
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and I'll take that lesson with me forever. Her story as a WASP is just amazing.” The process to approve the Congressional Gold Medal was introduced and approved in record time last year. The bipartisan effort was led by Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison of Texas and Sen. Barbara Mikulski of Maryland, as well as Rep. Susan Davis of California and Rep. Ilena Ros-lehtinen of Florida. All four elected officials spoke at the event. Deanie Parrish, associate director of Wings Across America, accepted the Congressional Gold Medal on behalf of the WASPs. Presenting the medal were Speaker Pelosi, Rep. John Boehner, the House minority leader; Sen. Harry Reid, the Senate majority leader; and Sen. Mitch McConnell, the Senate minority leader. lt. Col. Nicole Malachowski, the first female pilot in the Air Force's Air Demonstration Squadron was instrumental in shaping the bill to honor and recognize the WASPs. She was also one of the guest speakers at the ceremony. “Today is the day when the WASPs will make history once again,” Colonel Malachowski told the crowd. “If you spend any time at all talking to these wonderful women, you'll notice how humble and gracious and selfless they all are. Their motives for wanting to fly airplanes all those years ago wasn't for fame or glory or recognition. They simply had a passion to take what gifts they had and use them to help defend not only America, but the entire free world, from tyranny. And they let no one get in their way.” Of the more than 1,100 women who volunteered and flew every fighter, bomber, transport and trainer aircraft in the Air Force inventory 68 years ago, only about 300 are still alive. Betty Wall Strohfus, a WASP from Minnesota, was one of the women who “just had to be here for this.” She flew the B-17 Flying Fortress and B-26 Marauder bombers, as well as the P-39 Airacobra fighter. “It's almost unbelievable, we never thought this day would come," she said. “We were all just so grateful to have the opportunity to fly. But this was just such a lovely ceremony and so nice for all these people to come out for us.” The Congressional Gold Medal is the highest award Congress can award to a civilian or group of civilians. Past honorees include the Navajo Code Talkers in 2000 and Tuskegee Airmen in 2006. Each WASP received a smaller version of the medal to keep. The original medal will be donated to the Smithsonian Institution for display later this year with the "Women in Aviation" display at its Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Va.
WASPs awarded Congressional Gold Medal By Staff Sgt. J.G. Buzanowski Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs 3/11/2010 - WASHINGTON (AFNS) -- The first female military pilots received the Congressional Gold Medal at a ceremony in the Capitol March 10. Almost 70 years ago, the Women Airforce Service Pilots were disbanded with little fanfare, but this ceremony was a way to make things right for the trailblazers, said Secretary of the Air Force Michael Donley. “As a result of your conviction and your devotion to duty, from that time onward, women would forever be a part of United States military aviation,” Secretary Donley said. More than 200 WASPs attended the event, many of them wearing their World War II-era uniforms. The audience, which Speaker Nancy Pelosi noted was one of the largest ever in the Capitol and too large to fit into Emancipation Hall, also included their families, as well as the families of those who have since died or couldn't travel. Military members from every branch of service served as escorts for the veterans. For 1st lt. Sarah Reich, escorting WASP Janet lee Hutchison to the ceremony was “one of the greatest experiences” of her life. “The past couple of days with Janet have changed my life,” said lieutenant Reich, an Air National Guard communications officer. “She told me, ʻI have never known fear; everything is an adventure,’ r e m e m b r a n c e
WAFS, the Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron became WASPs, Women’s Airforce Service Pilots in August 1943. Here, WAFS’s Barbara Jane London (l) and Evelyn Sharp shake hands before London takes off in a P-51 Mustang. At the time the P-51 was the Army Air Forces’ hottest plane. This photo is courtesy of the US Air Force and Vera Williams, whose long out-of-print book, WASPs, will be reprinted by AMMA in the coming months. Watch for an announcement online or in future issues of this newsletter. s p r i n g
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Would you like to become a member of the Arizona Memorial Museum Association? Members support AMMA’s mission to develop and implement educational programs, curriculum, and publications related to the history of Pearl Harbor, World War II in the Pacific, and Kalaupapa. In partnership with its members, AMMA supports the interpretation and related visitor service activities of the National Park Service at four parks across the Pacific: USS Arizona Memorial National Park, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; American Memorial Park, Saipan; Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Molokaʻi, Hawaii; and War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam. Become a member today! To do so, complete the application on the right-hand side of this page or sign up online at www.arizonamemorial.org/membership. In appreciation of your membership, we offer the following benefits:
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Already an AMMA member? Please visit our website at www.arizonamemorial.org to view current membership specials or to take advantage of your 15% discount at our online bookstore. Did you know that in addition to Remembrance magazine AMMA is now sending an e-mail newsletter to its members? Please contact us at membership@arizonamemorial.org so we can add your email address to our mailing list. Member Polos! Member polos with the AMMA logo are now available in navy blue and white. They are being sold exclusively to members and cost just $20.00. Polos can be embroidered with your name (up to ten characters) for an additional $5.00. To place your order, go to www.arizonamemorialbookstore.org or call 888-485-1941 today!
qYes, I would like to support the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund, the special campaign to build a new museum and visitor center at Pearl Harbor. I have enclosed the following donation: $_____________ qYes, in order to make more of my contribution available for educational and interpretive programs at the USS Arizona Memorial, I would like to receive the member newsletter Remembrance in electronic format only. (Please make sure the Email Address above is filled in.) Payment Information $____________________ Membership Donation $____________________ Pearl Harbor
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