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Pearl Harbor Day Commemoration, 2005. Hawai‘i Air National Guard F-15's prepare to perform a missing man flyover in honor of all those lost on December 7, 1941.
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Pearl Harbor Day The US Navy and the National Park Service combined their efforts for the first time this past December 7 to produce a memorable commemoration.
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Educating AMMA Interviews with new AMMA education director Tim Donahue and Hawai‘i school principal Beverly Sandobal demonstrate that AMMA will have to devise new strategies to reach an ever-changing demographic.
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Faces of Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor Survivors represent a physical connection to the past. In the first of a series of photographic essays, their faces tell a unique story.
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Silent Witness Rusting pieces cut from the USS arizona in the 1960’s still reside on Pearl Harbor’s Waipio Peninsula.
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Boneyard Blues Old Navy ships don’t die, they’re stored in a remote area of Pearl Harbor, awaiting their fate.
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Special Section: Restoring a Memory The Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund continues its mission to raise money for a new USS arizona Memorial Visitor Center.
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A Memoir of the War in the Pacific Zenji Abe participated in the attack on Pearl Harbor as a young naval aviator. His just-published memoir tells a side of the Pearl Harbor story not many in the west have heard.
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Associated Partners for Public Lands This national organization helps AMMA members save money at some of America’s most beautiful and historic places.
EDiToR Ray Sandla The Arizona Memorial Museum Association is a non-profit cooperating association of the National Park Service providing funding for interpretive and educational programs at the USS Arizona Memorial, Kalaupapa National Historical Park on Molokai, Hawai‘i, War in the Pacific National Historical Park on Guam, and American Memorial Park on Saipan. All photos and text by Ray Sandla unless otherwise credited
Cover Photo: St. Joseph School students Allurie Eliazar (l), Jacqueline Kuykendall and their classmates presented a Pennies for Pearl Harbor check to the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund on December 6, 2005. Back Cover: 7:10 am December 7, 2005. Members of the US Marine Corps Rifle Team with the USS Arizona and the USS Missouri in the background. Remembrance is a Publication for Members of the Arizona Memorial Museum Association
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the Past is alive and Well
Remembrance recently received a letter from Mr. Vincent Vargo of Whitaker, Pennsylvania. Mr. Vargo wrote us to say his friend, Sonny Vargo (no relation), had passed away on September 6, 2005 at the age of 62. the obituary from the Pittsburgh Post-gazette mentions incidentally that Sonny Vargo “was hand picked by US Marine commandant Shoup for honor guard Detail at the dedication of the USS Arizona Memorial.” My first reaction on hearing the news of the passing of a Marine, present at the dedication of the Arizona Memorial, was sadness. Sadness not just for the loss of a good man, but for the loss of another connection to the history of Pearl harbor. But i began to realize that maybe these connections haven’t all been lost. Vincent Vargo wrote to aMMa about the death of a friend. that friend, Sonny Vargo, was appointed to the honor guard by Marine commandant David Monroe Shoup, himself a Medal of honor recipient for “...conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his own life” in action on Betio island, tarawa atoll, in november of 1943. (commandant Shoup also received the Legion of Merit with combat "V" for outstanding service during the battles for Saipan and tinian in the summer of 1944.) now, Sonny Vargo’s son Bryce serves as a Marine sergeant in iraq. america’s military tradition obviously is not the only history its children should remember. it is, however, vitally important to perpetuate the lessons of sacrifice, courage, stamina, and dedication that these individuals represent. it should never be forgotten that farmers, mine workers, accountants, immigrants of every nationality, color, and religion, and wives, mothers, sons, and fathers answered, and continue to answer, when called. to those of the WWii generation and their direct descendants, WWii was not, in the formal sense, an educational experience. this terrible and deadly battle to defend the United States was their day-to-day existence from December 1941 to august 1945. But as new generations of children grow further and further away from a physical, personal connection to the past, December 7, 1941, the USS Arizona Memorial, and other pieces of american history begin to lose their meaning. Veterans who make an effort to go out into community schools and to talk about their experiences often say that the students they meet are not only ignorant of this history, but are, more dangerously, numbingly indifferent. it is the mission of the arizona Memorial Museum association to insure that those new generations know what happened at Pearl harbor, that they learn about the fierce, desperate fighting at Saipan’s green Beach and the hand-to-hand battles on guam, and that they cherish the resilient character of the people of Kalaupapa. to even begin to realize that goal, aMMa must make kids see that world-changing events are not isolated incidents in time. it must find a way to make children, preoccupied with the pursuit of individuality, see that they are not alone; that they are part of a long history, reaching back from people they will never meet, in places they may never visit, forward, to their neighbor, their teacher, their brother or sister. it is in this personalization of history that children can find relevance. Sonny Vargo’s life and service brought the story of Pearl harbor to his friends and neighbors. his past became their shared experience, and his Pearl harbor memory came alive for those in the present. the term “building bridges” rightly has been excised from any national discourse on education due to overuse. But the idea of connecting different generations of people through education remains a worthwhile goal. it is a goal aMMa has committed itself to with renewed optimism and dedication.
Memorial Day, 1962. A wreath is dropped into the water during official dedication ceremonies of the USS Arizona Memorial on May 30, 1962. The Marine Corps Honor Guard stands on the platform where ceremonies commemorating December 7, 1941 were held before the construction of the Memorial. Mr. Sonny Vargo was a member of this Honor Guard. (Photo: USS Arizona Memorial)
Please contact Remembrance with any questions or comments or leave a message on our website guest book www.arizonamemorial.org remembrance@hawaii.rr.com 1 Arizona Memorial Place Honolulu, Hawai’i 96818
Ray SanDLa, eDitoR
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Pearl harbor Day The first ever combined US Navy, National Park Service commemoration proved to be a memorable event
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(Far left) A US Marine Corps honor guard stands by before the start of ceremonies marking the 64th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor at the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center. (Lower left) A wreath presented by the Johnson family, honors CDR Samuel E. Johnson, the Arizona’s senior medical officer on December 7, 1941, who was killed in action aboard the battleship. (Left) US Senator and World War ii Medal of Honor recipient Daniel inouye provided a poignant reminder of why Pearl Harbor should be remembered: “it was a difficult time for all Americans because we were not prepared for war...[Pearl Harbor] galvanized the people - it gave us strength in the face of adversity and made us unwilling to accept defeat.” (Below) Coast Guard representatives join other service personnel, as well as the State of Hawai‘i, the National Park Service, US Reservists, and Pearl Harbor Survivors, in honoring all those who were present at the start of the War in the Pacific. For more photographs of the Pearl Harbor Day Commemoration, please visit the AMMA website, www.arizonamemorial.org.
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he first ever combined navy/national Park Service (nPS) Pearl harbor Day commemoration was held at the USS Arizona Memorial on December 7, 2005. Usually, the US navy holds a separate observance on board the USS Arizona Memorial while the nPS ceremony is held at the shoreside Visitor center. this year, true to the spirit of cooperation, the two services' resources were pooled to present the visiting public with a comprehensive and emotional tribute to the 2,390 military and civilian lives lost 64 years ago. among the 24 Pearl harbor Survivors in attendance were 5 crewman from the USS Ward, the ship that fired the first US shots of World War ii. Patrolling the Pacific on December 7, 1941 just outside the opening to Pearl harbor, the destroyer, older than most of the naval reservists manning her, r e m e m b r a n c e
spotted a periscope at 6:40 am. at 6:45, according to a message sent to 14th naval District headquarters by the captain of the Ward, the ship, "attacked, fired on, depth-bombed, and sunk, submarine operating in defensive area." this action would have to wait 61 years for confirmation when a University of hawai‘i submarine happened upon a sunken Japanese midget submarine. Photos and video showed a distinct hole in the sub's conning tower, proving the Ward's number 3 gun crew's decades old claim. army veteran and Pearl harbor Survivor Robert Kinzler summed up the reasons why a yearly commemoration is held at Pearl harbor. "We compare Sept. 11 with Dec. 7, showing what can happen when you are really unprepared. We have to make sure the events of Dec. 7 are not forgotten, especially by the younger generation." w w i n t e r / s p r i n g
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Clockwise from upper left – Ryan Rowland, a 4th grader from Johnsville, ohio, took part in one of the first video conferences held from Pearl Harbor in April of 2004. (Photo: Johnsville Elementary School)
The photographic archives of the USS Arizona Memorial provide crucial resources to school children and professional researchers alike. (Photo: USS Arizona Memorial) Pearl Harbor Survivor Sterling Cale spoke with an advanced US Naval Academy history class from Navy facilities on Ford island, during AMMA’s first ever universitylevel video conference, held on october 26, 2005. The just released educational DVD, produced by AMMA in cooperation with the National Park Service, contains eyewitness accounts, historical US and Japanese video footage, and interactive educational exercises.
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ed•u•ca•tion (ej´oo ka´sh n) hroughout education's tortuously reformative history, teachers have struggled to find ways to make children pay attention. When Jan amos comenius, an early 17th century reformer and educator, first postulated that children would learn more effectively by looking at pictures, the world of education was changed forever. the german imported idea of kindergarten (literally translated "children garden") was formally incorporated into the US school system in 1873, and institutionalized the idea that a stimulated imagination could lead children to learn key underlying concepts. the utilization of this style of education only has intensified through the years. With the social ubiquity of popular entertainment today, the need to further stimulate already saturated imaginations has become the demanding and challenging task of today's teachers. two people that struggle with these issues daily are new aMMa education Director tim Donahue and Waipahu hawai‘i's St. Joseph school principal Beverly Sandobal. in the case of Mr. Donahue, the challenge is to design a way for kids, many of whom live far from hawai‘i, to become interested in history by exploiting the latest technology. the video conference program at the arizona Memorial Museum association seeks to literally connect physical aspects of the Pearl harbor experience, such as live Pearl harbor Survivor interviews, underwater tours of the USS Arizona, and
You’ll get this back at the end of the semester 14 million ipods (8 million video ipods) sold between September and December 2005 56% of teenagers have a cell phone 90% of teens surf the internet 38% text message while in school 48 million users of MySpace.com, an online “meeting place” used mostly by teenagers US retailers sold $10.5 billion of gaming hardware/software/accessories in 2005 r e m e m b r a n c e
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photo archives primary resources recommended readings credible links to other online resources
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artifact exploration, with children in distant places. also, aMMa is currently revamping its website to incorporate a young historians area, which it hopes will intrigue already web-savvy students. Ms. Sandobal has a more physical connection with the students attending St. Joseph catholic school in Waipahu hawai‘i, an area very close to Pearl harbor. the school recently took part in aMMa's Pennies for Pearl harbor program, raising $1,000.00 from donations made by the children and their families to help build a new Visitor center and Museum at the USS Arizona Memorial. in a ceremony held on December 6, 2005 on the grounds of the Memorial's current Visitor center, Ms. Sandobal spoke passionately about the need to actively involve kids in their own learning. Remembrance spoke with these two front-line career educators in recent interviews. T i m D o N a h U e — amma eDUcaTioN DirecTor
how do you feel your background qualifies you for aMMa's unique geographic reach? i have been working in the Pacific region for over thirty years and admire the resilience of the island cultures that have been caught up in cataclysmic world events. through aMMa's educational programs, i hope that my understanding will help the students and teachers on those islands to weave their experiences w i n t e r / s p r i n g
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A video conference involving Pearl Harbor Survivor Sterling Cale and students at the US Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland took place on october 26, 2005 at facilities provided by the Navy. Video conferencing is one way AMMA’s education department can reach students across the world.
into the complex fabric that is america. and, on the other hand, i hope to contribute to a greater awareness among the 50 states of the past contributions of these islanders who have chosen political affiliation with us, making them, in fact, our newest americans. Why do you think educating people about aMMa's four supported sites is so important? in terms of the guam and cnMi sites, consider how frequently the islands are being mentioned in the news recently, especially in relation to the rising economic power of china and the need for a new Pacific defense strategy. Looking back to the events of the Second World War, we can see that the importance of these tiny places to the US is nothing new. and consider the lessons to be learned from Kalaupapa in the contemporary world where the threat of global pandemics alters the way people see and act toward one another. each of the four sites has a significant place in american history. if our children are going to keep sight of who they are and what it means to be an american, they need to know and understand what happened in the past and how those events shaped the way things are today.
activity will occur in april when we host a professional development day for adult education teachers. teachers will experience abbreviated tours at the four sites, ending with guided discussions in the officer's mess on the Missouri about how visits to the historic Sites will help their students learn. how does aMMa's website figure into its future education plans? the website presents an opportunity to reach all those people, students and adults alike, who don't have the chance to visit hawai‘i. the difficulty will be to distinguish ourselves among the thousands, if not millions, of other websites that are out there. But we have the advantage of representing a landmark site and event. People will come to us because they know something about Pearl harbor and the USS Arizona Memorial. and we want them to leave the site knowing more. We also want them to be aware of the educational programs we have to offer, in other words, the website can function as a marketing tool for us. But the most important function will be to make in-depth information widely available. What resources eventually will be available online? We want our online resources to be known as a valuable and reputable source of information for everyone from elementary school
“Through the generosity of amma members, tens of thousands of students yearly receive an in depth and meaningful tour of the arizona memorial” —Tim Donahue, amma eDUcaTioN DirecTor are there any plans to unify the educational activities of the many Pearl harbor associated sites? i have begun meeting regularly with the Directors of education for the USS Bowfin, the USS Missouri, and the new air Museum on Ford island. We want to be sure we all understand the full range of resources available at the Pearl harbor historic sites. From there, we can cooperate to develop ways to bring more school groups to Pearl harbor for specific educational purposes. our first joint 6
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kids and their teachers to university scholars. We plan to post articles, copies of original documents that are unique to the collection of the arizona Memorial Museum association, other relevant texts, videos of Pearl harbor survivors telling their stories, lesson plans for teachers to help them teach with those documents and videos and more. But we don't want to duplicate what other sites have. We don't have to -- aMMa has unique resources that can be found nowhere else, and that is what we want to highlight. r e m e m b r a n c e
how will aMMa increase local hawai‘i interest in the Memorial? We would like to see every school student in hawai‘i make at least one visit to the arizona Memorial as a part of their history curriculum. We have started working closely with the hawai‘i State Department of education to be sure that student visits coincide and support their classroom history studies. We can use the lessons we learn in cooperating with the hawai‘i schools to support schools across the country, and the more schools see us as a supportive resource, the more they will turn to us for our expertise. how will the education program seek to utilize the new visitor center after it is completed? classroom space, videoconferencing space, perhaps a library with computers and internet access, maybe a gallery to display student artwork or projects from their study of Pearl harbor --we can certainly use more space! Right now, we meet and greet student groups on the lanai, under the palm trees, or wherever we can separate them from the crowds of visitors. a classroom space for orientation would be great. our own videoconferencing facility would enable us to grow the program tremendously. Right now we use the navy's equipment and facilities, and that is a wonderful collaboration, but it limits our access, understandably, to times when the navy is not using the room for its own training purposes. how do you see the video conferencing program evolving given the dizzying pace of technological change in this field? From our experiences with videoconferencing, i feel justified in saying that we are on the cutting edge of using the technology as an educational tool. We have found that we get as many requests to teach schools how to use their videoconferencing equipment as we do for the programs we have available. this puts us in the enviable position of being a double resource for schools. Schools that are experienced with videoconferencing come to us for the content we have to offer. others come to us for our expertise in using the technology. We help them by guiding them, step by step, to receive one of our programs. and once they have experienced the content, they realize the value and come back again. certainly, technology is ever changing, but with the continued support of our membership, we can stay one step ahead.
how do aMMa membership donations affect the education program? through the generosity of aMMa members, tens of thousands of students yearly receive an in depth and meaningful tour of the Arizona Memorial. thousands more, who are unable to make the trip to hawai‘i, have the opportunity to meet Pearl harbor Survivors and have a video tour of the Memorial through videoconferencing. and many thousands more will receive solid instruction regarding Pearl harbor and the attack on oahu as a result of the professional development that aMMa supports for hundreds of teachers. Membership donations have enabled aMMa to expand its educational staff to three full time people; an education Director, a Witness to history coordinator, and a School education coordinator. With the staffing that memberships support, aMMa annually provides guided tours at the Memorial to over 25,000 school children. also, last year the Witness to history program arranged videoconferences that connected more than 1,000 students in over 50 classrooms with Pearl harbor Survivors. Students from US mainland schools and as far as italy and Puerto Rico had the opportunity to speak personally with the Survivors, an experience that would be impossible without membership support for aMMa's videoconferencing program. Membership fees also contributed to aMMa's involvement in summer teachers' conferences in honolulu. in coordination with the east-West center and the national Park Service, aMMa held week long summer workshops in 2004 and 2005 for over 150 U.S history teachers. teachers had to apply to participate and those selected received intensive study at the Memorial and other significant World War ii sites on oahu. this summer, with the additional participation of the national endowment for the humanities, aMMa will help bring 80 more teachers to hawai‘i. how will aMMa reach kids today when popular culture presents so many technological distractions? Kids today are learning, and being entertained, in many new ways. certainly, technology is ever-changing; but with the continued support of our membership, we can stay one step ahead.
b e v e r ly S a N D o b a l — S c h o o l P r i N c i Pa l
how long have you been involved with education? i began as a teacher in 1979 after graduating with an Ma in history from the University of hawai‘i. i have been in administration since 1993. this year makes 27 years that i have been in education. is it especially challenging today to get students to learn about history, given the many distractions that are available to young people? yes. today, students often want to be entertained and are easily bored by just reading history books in learning about the past. thus they have to see that history is connected and relative to their daily lives. a diversified approach to learning history is essential if students are to truly embrace the life lessons history offers. r e m e m b r a n c e
history is really a story about how men and women have continually lived their lives and created history every day. as a catholic School, one of our Student Learning expectations is to have our students become "morally responsible citizens." this means they need to learn and embrace the values and responsibilities of being an upstanding christian and citizen. they need to understand their responsibilities in the global community and ways to be of service in their community. through the use of technology, encouraging critically thinking, and challenging students to understand the lessons to be learned in history, students realize that the past cannot be forgotten and that we must continue to remember the story of our nation's fight for freedom and the struggles to preserve it. w i n t e r / s p r i n g
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Why do you think it might be important for children to learn about what happened at Pearl harbor 65 years ago? 65 years ago, men and women lost their lives at Pearl harbor in the fight for freedom. although children enjoy this freedom today, i believe this freedom is often taken for granted. We must never let anyone forget what happened at Pearl harbor just as no one should ever forget September 11, 2001. as educators, we have a responsibility to make sure that our students know the price of war and the expense of freedom.
Waipahu, Hawai‘i’s St. Joseph School principal Beverly Sandobal (far right) and some of her students presented a check for one hundred thousand pennies to the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund on December 6, 2005 on the grounds of the USS Arizona Memorial. The students also brought along the projects they had developed in their effort to learn more about December 7, 1941.
“i did it from my heart and not because we had to or someone told us to.” — St. Joseph School student
For more information on aMMa’s educational initiatives, please visit our website: www.arizonamemorial.org to find out how to get your school involved with the Pennies for Pearl harbor program, or for more information on the Pearl harbor Memorial Fund please visit the website: www.pearlharbormemorial.com
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how did St. Joseph get involved with the Pennies for Pearl harbor program? My 4th grade teacher, Ms. Davis, saw this project on the internet. the fourth and fifth grade students decided to do the "Pennies for Pearl harbor" as their service project. this is one way they were fulfilling our Student Learning expectation to be "Responsible citizens." the project was then presented to our faculty and staff. Letters were sent home to parents and i also wrote a special note in our weekly Parent Bulletin. the teachers also posted the information on our website. our Student Learning expectations is based upon our school's mission and philosophy. We connect our curriculum and student outcomes to these expectations. What did the students learn as they progressed toward their goal? this information is from Ms. Davis who was one of the advisors for this school project. the students learned about the history of Pearl harbor: how and why it happened. Students in grades 4-8 did further research on the internet and some made comparisons between Pearl harbor and September 11, 2001. the visit to Pearl harbor and the memorial made the project more personal. the students enjoyed giving and collecting the pennies. one student said "i did it from my heart and not because we had to or someone told us to." i believe the students realized and learned about the responsibilities that come with fighting for freedom and liberty that is earned and not just given. Was the effort a success from the school's point of view? yes. it was wonderful to see how much the students became involved in this project. to have the special school assembly to present the check to the Memorial Fund and to have our students present at the special ceremony truly made this project meaningful. Students need to have an active rather than a passive role in their learning. By learning the history of Pearl harbor and how they are the benefactors has helped them to be more aware of their responsibility as a citizen of the United States. it was an honor for our students to be selected to participate in the special ceremonies. having them meet actual veterans and also meet Senator inouye was such a memorable experience for all of us.
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PeaRL haRBoR December 7, 2005
RoBeRt KinZLeR, SchoFieLD BaRRacKS on December 7, 1941, Private Kinzler was a radio operator (Morse code) assigned to headquarters company, 27th infantry Regiment, 25th infantry (tropic Lightening) Division, at Schofield Barracks. one of the park’s longest serving volunteers, Mr. Kinzler has provided over 3,000 hours of interpretation, while also serving as President of the Pearl harbor Survivor's aloha chapter.
on PaRticiPating in aMMa’S ViDeo conFeRence PRogRaM “By adding our stories to their readings, students make a connection, and they have great questions. on several occasions the students don’t want to leave when the bell rings.”
thank you Mr. Kinzler
Robert Kinzler in early 1944. (Photo: Robert Kinzler) r e m e m b r a n c e
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silentwitness A large piece of the USS Arizona, cut from the ship in 1961 to make way for the building of the Arizona Memorial, sits in a remote kiawe tree stand on Waipio peninsula, a forgotten relic of an unforgettable time
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he national Park Service van stopped just before the naval Station property gate. the thick padlock on the red and white pipe fence was unlocked and swung open by a navy policeman. the van, containing USS Arizona Memorial, national Park Service historian Daniel Martinez and metal workers John anderson and Jered harville, on loan from the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park, wound its way around the edge of the spit of land known as Waipio Peninsula. through the years, the peninsula has been home to everything from major hawaiian fishponds to a staging area for Pacific island invasions during WWii. today it is home to the corroding remains of the USS Arizona. cut from the ship in 1961, the remnants represent parts of the galley, the vegetable and potato lockers, and the platform that held the original memorial. the purpose of the visit was to secure a piece of the Arizona for the new museum to be built on the grounds of the current visitor center. Mr. Martinez explained the significance of the chosen portion: “this piece is a recognizable section of the ship. We have photos that clearly show the vented exterior of what was known as the potato locker. also, the small attached pipe [see photo 4 below] was where the canvas awning attached when the ship was docked. this artifact, together with our photo of the ship afloat, will give people a tangible connection to our country’s past.” original salvage work in 1942 involved removing large pieces from the deck of the ship. these included turrets and guns, the tripod masts, and the aircraft crane and catapult. originally, the six 14-inch guns
salvaged from turrets 3 and 4 were to be deployed as coastal defense guns for the island of hawai‘i. at that time, there was a very real fear of invasion by the Japanese. in March of 1950, the US navy’s Pacific Fleet commander in chief admiral arthur W. Radford had a flagstaff erected on the base of the rear mast and ordered that the US flag be raised and lowered daily. Later that year a wooden platform was placed directly over the old galley and vegetable locker to hold small commemorations. With the impending construction of the Arizona Memorial in the early 1960’s, the remaining topside material was removed and placed on Waipio peninsula. the eeriness of the site is mitigated by the natural growth occurring in and around different sections of the ship. Kiawe trees grow through the pieces in many places and the soil and humidity are slowly reclaiming the metal. Mr. Martinez spoke of the future of the remains, “these remains of the once mighty battleship will not be around forever. even in the 20 years since i have been coming here, there is much less left intact. Someday, all this will be gone.” Saving a piece of the Arizona for the new USS Arizona Memorial Museum and Visitor center is a part of the national Park Service’s mission to save the history of Pearl harbor. the hope is that, by being able to physically touch a piece of the USS Arizona, people can better understand a time and place slowly slipping from the national consciousness. “through the understanding of history,” Mr. Martinez said as the van pulled away from the navy gate, “comes hope for a better future for us all.”
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3 1 – The central galley of the Arizona provided meals for the many separate messes throughout the ship. Some of this galley and the adjoining vegetable and potato (spud) lockers remained above water after extensive salvage work removed most of the superstructure in 1942. 2 – The original memorial consisted of a wooden platform placed amidships over the locker and galley sections of the sunken ship. in this undated photo, the vented sides of the vegetable locker are clearly visible. Erected in 1950, the platform could barely accommodate the small services held there. (Photos 1 & 2: USS Arizona Memorial 3 – The rusting remains of the USS Arizona were unceremoniously dumped on Waipio Peninsula in the early 1960’s. The railing and wooden platform of the old memorial, and the vented sides of the vegetable locker are still recognizable today.
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4 – From left, John Anderson, a metal worker on loan from the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum, National Park Service historian Daniel Martinez, and Jered Harville of the Bowfin examine the piece that will be cut from the vestiges of the Arizona.
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Boneyard Blues by William cole (Reprinted with permission of the Honolulu Advertiser) PeaRL haRBoR — hawai‘i finally has an aircraft carrier. But it could be sunk in a military exercise. at 820 feet, the ship is smaller than the full-fledged flattop that U.S. Sen. Dan inouye, D-hawai‘i, has sought to be based here. the mini carrier — an amphibious assault ship — comes with no crew, no aircraft and certainly no multimillion-dollar economic impact. the USS Belleau Wood is the latest and largest addition to the Pearl harbor ghost fleet, a little-publicized but very visible collection of decommissioned navy ships that are sold to other countries, mothballed for possible re-use, headed for the scrap pile or designated to become targets in "sink exercises." touring the Middle Loch harbor — where 39 ships, barges and various other craft are stored — is a nostalgic and sometimes spooky journey through navy and maritime history. "it's kind of eerie. you think back to the times you were on the ship, and you think of all the people, in the passageways and mess deck, talking story," said Luis gaytan, a marine inspector for the facility who from 1995 to 1997 was aboard the Cushing, a destroyer now in the ghost fleet. "it's a feeling you can't really explain. if you are on there by yourself, it's an emotional feeling you get." gaytan said a sailor was killed on the destroyer by a steam leak. "there are always stories that if you go on there, sometimes you hear noises. you hear voices that are sometimes left behind," the ‘ewa Beach man said. "it seems like the spirits are down there and haven't gone away." Walter Leonard, the director of the navy inactive ship facility, remembers the navy skipper who visited, twice, over the years to see his former ship, the destroyer USS Hoel. "he just wanted to come out and see his ship and make sure we were taking care of it," Leonard said. the navy facility, which has a fiscal 2006 budget of $3.5 million, is one of three remaining boneyards for decommissioned vessels. Leonard said the others are in Bremerton, Wash., and Philadelphia. "there used to be a lot more," he said. "there used to be one in guam, one in norfolk, Va., and many others. But as our inventory (of ships) has gotten less and less, we've closed a lot of them." the Middle Loch facility, which has been renamed four times since Leonard started working there in 1967, is now known as the inactive Ships on-Site Maintenance office. it was created after World War ii, when the navy suddenly had 1 2
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a surplus of drydocks and ships in such places as Pearl harbor, guam and the Philippines. Retired carriers go to Bremerton, which has extra-deep draft, Leonard said. Middle Loch is about 30 feet deep where the Belleau Wood is tied up. the ship contingent includes a cruiser, two destroyers, a destroyer tender, a combat store ship, an amphibious transport ship, two amphibious cargo ships, a dock landing ship, three tank landing ships, an amphibious assault ship and a coast guard cutter. additionally, there are smaller service craft and barges. the Spruance-class destroyer Fletcher, a Pearl harbor fixture for more than two decades, is tied up with the destroyer Cushing and cruiser Valley Forge. the house of Representatives passed legislation in December to transfer the Fletcher to Pakistan; the Cushing will set sail for turkey. the coast guard cutter Yocona started life as the navy vessel Seize in 1944, in 1945 arrived in Pearl harbor towing three pontoon bridges, and later that year took fire and returned it on the yangtze River in china. the longest stay has been by the yRDh-6, a 151-foot by 35-foot non-self-propelled hull workshop that arrived in 1946, and remains in use as that today. Many of the contracted workers — the number ranges from 70 to 140 depending on workload — are former navy. eight civil service employees also work at the facility. Some workers maintain that it takes time to get used to the dead quiet of a big ship that usually bustles with people and a lot of commotion. Regarding any ghosts that may reside in the old ships, Joseph galiki said, "i haven't met one yet." the 43-year-old halawa man, a ship maintenance leader who has worked on the inactive ships for 20 years, recently was working on the Belleau Wood, which came into Middle Loch on nov. 16. the carrier in 2004 deployed to the Persian gulf with helicopters and aV-8B harrier jump jets. More than 60 combat sorties were flown off its flight deck. in 1992, landing craft and helicopters from the ship delivered trucks, bulldozers, portable toilets, water purification equipment and food to victims of hurricane iniki on Kaua‘i. the flight deck now is empty except for an anchor. the island, or superstructure, normally the nerve center of many watchful eyes, is devoid of people, flags and pennants. once swarming with aircraft, the hangar bay — longer than a football field — is vacant, as is a mess hall with its red metal chairs and formica-topped tables. the fate of the Belleau Wood, called the Big Dog, could be a sinking. a handful of workers recently were toiling five decks down from the main deck in the forward engine room, cutting out sections of lubrication piping so the system could be pressure-washed to remove even small amounts of oil for environmental reasons. "it's a lot of piping. the system is huge," said John Viloria, 44, of Kapolei, a ship's maintenance foreman. Leonard said the Belleau Wood won't go back into service, and either will be scrapped or sunk. Despite such fate, inactive ships sometimes get a final chance at glory — on the big screen. For "tora! tora! tora!" a tugboat was positioned behind a mothballed destroyer and in the movie it appeared that steam was coming out of the destroyer's stacks. in the more recent "Pearl harbor," diesel fuel was set afire in drums beneath a hatch to make it appear that a ship was on fire, Leonard said. w r e m e m b r a n c e
special section:
restoring a memory The USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center is sinking into the landfill at the edge of Pearl Harbor. Thanks to concerned AMMA members and many others, it will rise again.
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ublic Law 87-201, enacted on September 6, 1961, authorized the “...construction of a United States Ship Arizona Memorial at Pearl harbor.” Sec. 3 of the law stated, “Such a memorial and museum shall be maintained in honor and in commemoration of the members of the armed Forces of the United States who gave their lives to their country during the attack on Pearl harbor, hawai‘i, on December 7, 1941.” (emphasis added). the mission of the arizona Memorial Museum association is to assist the national Park Service in carrying out that commemoration. the challenge always has been to reflect the most possible dignity on the Memorial while allowing the thousands of daily visitors a safe and contemplative experience. author Michael Slackman, in the 1998 history of the construction of the Memorial Remembering Pearl Harbor, wrote: “the professional expertise of the national Park Service is sure to be challenged in the years to come by the persistence of old problems and changing conditions. the principal questions looming in the foreseeable future bear striking resemblance to issues that have surrounded the Arizona Memorial and Visitor center from their inception. “the most immediately pressing and obvious of those issues is the increasing number of visitors. the unrelenting rise in numbers, which first prompted the need for the Visitor center, continues unabated. in 1981, the first full year of operation, 851,320 people visited the complex and Memorial, and in 1982 there were a record 1,039,024 visitors. there is every indication that the totals for subsequent years will be even greater. on especially busy days the nPS staff may turn away more than 2,000 visitors because program capacity is unequal to the demand.” 1 4
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the overcrowding of one of hawai‘i’s most visited places is inconvenient and frustrating for many visitors; yet it is not the most urgent problem. in 1998, the physical deterioration of the site was not fully appreciated. however, the speed at which the landfill continues to sink beneath the Visitor center structure has far exceeded its planned obsolescence. Serious fundraising began in 2003 when aMMa established the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund, a separate capital campaign raising money specifically to rebuild the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor center and Museum. it is a race against time. engineers have estimated aMMa, the national Park Service and the US navy have no more than 4 to 5 years before safety concerns close the Visitor center. aMMa members so far have responded with their customary enthusiasm and dedication. Member donations, along with many other private and public pledges, have propelled the fund upwards of $15 million. While this dedication is much appreciated, there is a long way to go. Please join, or rejoin, this noble effort by responding to the Pearl harbor Memorial’s call to arms; whether online, by mail, or with a telephone call. help build a new Museum and Visitor center where the memories and mementos of a generation can be protected and remembered for many years to come. help save american history. Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund 1 Arizona Memorial Place Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Toll free 1-866-DEC-1941 (1-866-332-1941) www.pearlharbormemorial.com r e m e m b r a n c e
opposite page – The grounds of the present USS Arizona Memorial cover 10.5 acres. The area was originally part of Pearl Harbor, filled in during the war to help expand naval facilities. As seen in this aerial photograph taken by Ron Elias in 2004 (the neighboring USS Bowfin submarine was being refurbished at the time) the Visitor Center, a substantial, heavy building by any standard, sits at the very edge of the filled-in area. This precarious position has only exacerbated the deterioration of the site. The undated photo at left shows the site during or immediately after the war. The naval personnel facilities covering the grounds can be seen as well as the railroad line that brought salvage workers from downtown Honolulu. Kamehameha Highway is below and right of the line with Pacific Fleet headquarters in the lower right. The original boat landing and “visitor center” of the USS Arizona Memorial in the early 1970’s. Pearl Harbor Survivor and founding AMMA board member Sandy Saunders, who still serves on the board today, felt terrible about the wait visitors had to endure in the broiling sun. His saw the fundraising and construction of a proper Visitor Center as a sacred obligation to the memory of those who lost their lives on December 7, 1941. official groundbreaking ceremonies for the Visitor Center were held in october 1980. Many of the people who were instrumental in its completion were present, including Mr. Saunders, fourth from left, State Representative Faith Evans, seventh from left, and US Senator Spark Matsunaga, far right. (Historical photos: USS Arizona Memorial) Today, water continues to accumulate in the basement of the Visitor Center. Local Hawai‘i engineering firms have literally jacked up the pilings beneath the building to keep it afloat. it is estimated that no more than 4 or 5 years remain before the occupation of the current structure becomes impossible.
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Pride of Place The Arizona Memorial Museum Association and the National Park Service have been assessing the needs of the Memorial Museum and Visitor Center and exploring ways to creatively solve the problems, while fulfilling the vision of the new facility. Working closely with The Portico Group, an architectural firm based in Seattle, Washington, several facility siteplan concepts were created and presented. The site plan to the right is one alternative that is creative and effective—both in terms of cost and in resolving all of the Museum’s structural and visitation issues. The total area of the facility will be approximately 24,000 square feet. The plan is not yet completely final, but it provides us with a blueprint upon which to build our ideas. The new state-of-theart museum will double the current exhibit capacity and showcase Pearl Harbor survivors’ memorabilia and other artifacts. Here, thousands of visitors each day will comfortably browse new exhibits about Pearl Harbor and the early Pacific War. The museum will use the latest exhibit technology to bring the Pearl Harbor attack and surrounding events to life.
The plans, described above, are taken from the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund website (www.pearlharbormemorial.com) and are necessarily subject to change. But they do provide insight into the priorities and processes that go into a major historic site revitalization. one of the bigger changes planned will be a joint ticketing center that will allow visitors the opportunity to reserve space on tours of the USS Arizona Memorial, the USS Bowfin Submarine, the Battleship Missouri Memorial, and Ford island’s soon to be realized Pacific Air Museum. A new education center (center right) will help AMMA realize its educational goals through video conference and on-site classroom facilities. Many WWii in the Pacific donations, such as the scrapbook at right, have never been displayed at the museum due to space limitations. With expanded facilities, these stories can finally be told.
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arizona fundraising steams ahead By William cole (courtesy of the honolulu advertiser)
the USS Arizona Memorial visitors center, sinking in the gravel it was built on, is getting propped up with some sizable financial contributions from hawai‘i and the Mainland to build a replacement center. triWest healthcare alliance, a Phoenix-based corporation that partners with the Defense Department to provide healthcare access to military families, has pledged up to $1 million toward a new $34 million visitors center. the contribution is being made as part of the arizona Memorial's "ships and states" fund-raising drive that started in hawai‘i, shifted to arizona, and next will focus on nevada and texas. "hawai‘i started in June of 2005 and arizona started a little after, and they've already done spectacularly," said Mathew Sgan, senior vice president of the arizona Memorial Museum association and Pearl harbor Memorial Fund. Private donations in hawai‘i have nearly reached the $1.5 million goal. First hawaiian Bank Foundation is contributing a $100,000 grant. contributors in arizona, the namesake state for the battleship that was sunk on Dec. 7, 1941, have put up $1.57 million and are now at the halfway point to the arizona coordinating committee's fund-raising goal, Sgan said. Moored along Battleship Row next to Ford island, the USS Arizona went down with a crew of 1,177 when it was hit in the Japanese surprise attack that launched the United States into World War ii. "the USS Arizona Memorial reminds thousands of people every day of the sacrifices our men and women in uniform make defending our freedom, not only at Pearl harbor, but also today in iraq and afghanistan," said David Mcintyre Jr., president of triWest, which provides access to tricare — the military's healthcare program — in 21 states including hawai‘i. the 24,000-square-foot visitors center, built in 1980, is sinking, and basement jacks cannot be raised further. the center was designed to accommodate 750,000 people a year, but draws double that. Sgan said the award for design plans of a new center is expected to be made in March or april. it will take about 18 months for design and planning. construction will take another 18 months. about $15 million in private donations have been made so far. another $3 million is expected from the state and $7 million from federal funding. "all of our programs have fulfilled our expectations and we expect we will meet all of our milestones," Sgan said.
$34,000,000 final goal
$15,000,000
through February 2006
construction track Date Today March 2006 May 2006 october 2006 August 2007 February 2009
Milestone Conceptual design phase Architectural and engineering pre-design contract award Exhibit pre-design contract award Final design contract awards Construction contract award Construction begins Construction complete!
www.pearlharbormemorial.com r e m e m b r a n c e
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a Memoir of the War in the Pacific Zenji abe, a Japanese dive-bomber pilot who participated in the Pearl harbor attack, has written a book about his experiences at Pearl harbor and the subsequent War in the Pacific. The Emperor’s Sea Eagle originally was published in Japan by Kojinsha, a leading publisher of WWii history. Mr. abe, who has always wanted his book to appear in english, asked the arizona Memorial Museum association if it would be interested in issuing the work. translated by his daughter naomi Shin and edited by esteemed WWii historian and author Michael Wenger, the book represents an important addition to the canon of Pacific War history. From the world-changing Pearl harbor attack, to raids on US forces in alaska, to imprisonment on the tiny island of Rota, The
Emperor’s Sea Eagle is a frank, unflinching look at Japanese and allied strategy during WWii by someone who lived, and fought, through it. the former Japanese naval pilot has been a friend to the USS Arizona for years, donating time, energy, and money to honor his former enemies. Mr. abe has not sought compensation for the book and has agreed to donate all proceeds to the arizona Memorial Museum association to further its educational goals. Mr. abe and his family also will visit hawai‘i in March, 2006 to autograph copies of the book at the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor center. if you would like a signed copy of Mr. abe’s book, please call aMMa’s mail order department toll-free at 1-888-4851941, or visit online at www.arizona memorial.org. w
an excerpt from “The Emperor’s Sea Eagle” “i asked you to be here because i thought it was better to explain to all of you, the important members of the air groups, and the core of the attack force, the reason why you have continued training in a manner different from the traditional doctrines.... you might feel doubt or suspicion if i don't confide in you now, which would affect morale.... however, this is a secret of secrets and you should keep this matter in utmost confidentiality.” With that said, [commander] genda removed the white sheet from the wall. there before us lay a map of oahu and a big model of Pearl harbor. at that juncture, commander Fuchida took the floor and explained in detail the formation of the first and second attack waves.... Quite curiously, i did not feel any special excitement or uneasiness, but just said to myself, “that’s what i thought!” in those days, i had felt in my bones that something very serious was about to happen, as ongoing negotiations between Japan and america had become increasingly difficult and complicated. the public mood and atmosphere in Japan had turned gloomy while the Japanese armed struggle in china grew ever wider. 1 8
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(Above left) Zenji Abe met Pearl Harbor Survivor Herb Weatherwax on the USS Arizona Memorial December 7, 2005. Mr. Abe has been memorializing the sacrifice of Americans at Pearl Harbor every year since the early 1990’s with roses placed at the foot of the Memorial’s Shrine Room marble wall. (Above) Zenji Abe, on the deck of the Japanese carrier Akagi, was the commander of the 2nd Chãtai, or division, of dive-bombers from the Japanese flagship. Abe would join with other carrier air groups to make up the 78 second wave divebombers that attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. r e m e m b r a n c e
revisit the
Classics
essentials
from the amma bookstore
at Dawn We Slept The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor Gordon W. Prang paperback, $20.95 + shipping & handling
member price $17.81 “Fast-paced and engrossing...if any book can be called ‘definitive,’ At Dawn We Slept deserves that accolade.” –Los Angeles Herald Examiner
Day of infamy The Classic Account of the Bombing of Pearl Harbor Walter Lord paperback, $12.95 + shipping & handling
Spend some quiet time with a masterpiece of history. the arizona Memorial Museum association carries these and other standards as well as newer books, audio books, and videos that present original research, photographs, film footage, and eyewitness accounts of the War in the Pacific. Sit back and experience the day that changed the world forever. online: www.arizonamemorialbookstore.org toll free: 1-888-485-1941 email: azmemph@hawaii.rr.com r e m e m b r a n c e
member price $11.01 “There have been many books on Pearl Harbor...but none of them have ever equaled Lord’s in telling the story of Pearl Harbor.” –Stephen E. Ambrose
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For many years, amma has been a member of the association of Partners for Public lands (aPPl). The aPPl fosters constructive collaboration among its non-profit members while promoting their interests on a national level. aPPl members support many federal land management agencies, such as the bureau of land management, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the army corps of engineers, and others. one benefit of this partnership allows amma members access to discounts at other aPPl affiliated cooperating association bookstores. These bookstores should not be confused with park entrance or user fees, or sales of private, for-profit concessions that operate in many National Parks and recreation areas. The following list represents public land associations throughout the Unites States that offer “reciprocal discounts” to amma members. Discounts vary and bookstores may ask for proof of membership. also, these discounts are subject to change without notification. Since the National Park Service was created in 1916, non-profit agencies have played an increasingly important role in funding educational and preservation projects. With the dedication of members like those of the arizona memorial museum association, that support can continue to grow.
Organization
Website
Telephone
alaska natural history association arizona Memorial Museum association arizona natural history association arizona Strip interpretive association Badlands natural history association Big Bend natural history association Black hills Parks and Forests association Bryce canyon natural history association cabrillo national Monument Foundation canyonlands natural history association capitol Reef natural history association carlsbad caverns guadalupe Mountains assoc. colorado national Monument association crater Lake natural history association craters of the Moon natural history assoc. Death Valley natural history association Devils tower natural history association Florida national Parks & Monuments assoc. Fort clatsop historical association Fort Laramie historical association glacier natural history association glen canyon natural history association golden gate national Parks conservancy grand canyon association grand teton natural history association greater arkansas River nature association harpers Ferry historical association hawai’i natural history association intermountain natural history association isle Royale natural history association Jefferson national Parks association
www.alaskanha.org www.arizonamemorial.org www.aznaturalhistory.org www.thearizonastrip.com www.nps.gov/badl/exp/bnha.htm www.bigbendbookstore.org www.blackhillsparks.org www.brycecanyon.org www.cnmf.org www.cnha.org www.capitolreefnha.org www.ccgma.org www.coloradonma.org www.nps.gov/crla/nha.htm www.nps.gov/crmo/bookstore.htm www.deathvalleydays.com/dvnha www.nps.gov/deto/bookshop.htm www.nps.gov/ever/fnpma.htm www.nps.gov/focl/catalog.htm www.fortlaramie.com www.glacierassociation.org www.glencanyonnha.org www.parksconservancy.org www.grandcanyon.org www.grandtetonpark.org www.garna.com www.harpersferryhistory.org not available www.inhaweb.com www.irnha.org www.jnpa.com
907-274-8440 808-422-2771 928-527-3450 435-688-3275 605-433-5489 432-477-2236 605-745-7020 435-834-4600 619-222-4747 435-259-6003 435-425-3791 505-785-2485 970-858-3617 541-594-3110 208-527-3257 760-786-2146 307-467-5283 305-247-1216 503-861-4451 307-837-2662 406-888-5756 928-608-6358 415-561-3000 928-638-2481 307-739-3606 719-539-5106 304-535-6881 808-985-6050 435-789-8807 906-482-7860 314-678-1500
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Kennesaw Mountain historical association Lake States interpretive association Lassen Loomis Museum association Manzanar history association Mesa Verde Museum association Mount Rushmore history association northwest interpretive association
www.kmha.org www.nps.gov/voya/park%20partners/LSia.htm www.lassenloomis.info not available www.mesaverde.org www.mtrushmorebookstore.com www.nwpubliclands.com
770-422-3696 218-283-2103 530-595-3399 760-878-2411 970-529-4445 605-574-3128 206-220-4140
10% 10% 10% 15% 15% 15% 15%
oregon trail Museum association Petrified Forest Museum association Pipestone indian Shrine association
www.nps.gov/scbl/bookstore.htm www.cybertrails.com/~pfma www.authenticpipestone.com
308-436-2975 800-524-2459 507-825-5463
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Discount Location(s) aK hi, guam, Saipan aZ Ut, aZ SD tx SD Ut ca Ut Ut nM, tx co oR iD ca Wy FL oR Wy Mt Ut, aZ ca aZ iD, Wy co WV hi, am. Samoa co, Ut, Wy Mi iL, Mo, ne, SD, aR, Mn ga Mn, Wi ca ca co SD ca, iD, Wa, oR, Mt ne aZ Mn
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Point Reyes national Seashore associaiton Public Lands interpretive association
www.ptreyes.org www.publiclands.org
415-663-1835 505-345-9498
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Redwood Park association Rocky Mountain nature association Roosevelt-Vanderbilt historical association Santa Barbara trust for historic Preservation Sequoia natural history association Shenandoah national Park association tahoe heritage Foundation theodore Roosevelt nature and history assoc. Weir Farm trust Western colorado interpretive association Western Maryland interpretive association Western national Parks association
not available www.rmna.org www.rooseveltvanderbilt.org www.sbthp.org www.sequoiahistory.org www.snpbooks.org www.tahoeheritage.org www.nps.gov/thro/tr.shop.htm www.nps.gov/wefa/home.htm www.co.blm.gov/gra/gra-wcia.htm www.antietamMuseumStore.com www.wnpa.org
707-464-9150 970-586-0108 845-229-9300 805-965-0093 559-565-3759 540-999-3581 530-544-7383 701-623-4884 203-761-9945 970-874-6695 301-432-0751 520-622-1999
15% 10% 15% 10% 10% 20% 10% 15% 10% 10% 10% 15%
yellowstone association yosemite association Zion natural history association
www.yellowstoneassociation.org www.yosemite.org www.zionpark.org
307-344-2290 209-379-2646 435-772-3265
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ca aZ, ca, nM, co, oK ca co, Wy, ne ny ca ca Va ca nD ct co MD aZ, ca, co, KS, Mt, nV, nM, oK, tx, Ut, Wy,ne Wy ca Ut, aZ
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1 Arizona Memorial Place Honolulu, Hawai’i 96818