c o n t e n t s
Preserve and Protect USS Arizona Memorial Public Affairs Officer Brad Baker (left) and Museum Curator Marshall Owens are accomplished and experienced divers. They periodically check on the
Park Service motto, To Preserve
The Real Thing High school students from North Canton, ohio and iolani School in Honolulu joined a Pearl Harbor Survivor for a history-making history lesson. by Ke n d a l l M c C r e a r y a n d M i ch e l l e B r a d l e y
Act of God
Super typhoon Pongsona hit Guam with 150 mph winds on December 8, 2002. Residents are still trying to figure out what hit them. by R ay S a n d l a P h o t o g r a p h s by A n d r e a B o o h e r c o u r t e s y o f F e M A
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Semper Fidelis William W. Putney, Marine Silver Star recipient, author, and loyal friend to the famous War Dogs of Guam during WWii, passed away in March, 2003. by R ay S a n d l a
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True Survivors
Bill and Ruth Cope survived Pearl Harbor, World War ii, and 62 years of marriage and they’re still going strong.
by M i ch e l l e B r a d l e y
14
structural
with Pearl Harbor. They take the
StoRieS
4
Arizona’s
integrity and biological interaction
pg. 8
2
USS
and Protect, very seriously.
Editor Ray Sandla Copy Editors Maile M. Hirota Writers Michelle Bradley Kendall McCreary Philip Rasmussen Ray Sandla Photographer Ray Sandla Printing Kerry Gaughran at Electric Pencil
On a Wing and a Prayer Pearl Harbor hero Philip Rasmussen received a Silver Star for his heroics in the skies over oahu on December 7, 1941. He almost didn’t live to tell about it. by P h i l i p R a s mu s s e n
De PA RtM e NtS 1
Letters Page
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The AMMA Bookstore
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The USS A rizona Memorial In the News
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Membership
Photos of Guam courtesy of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and photographer Andrea Booher. Philip Rasmussen story written by Mr. Rasmussen for the 50th Anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack in 1991.
Cover: The USS Arizona rests peacefully beneath the shimmering waters of Pearl Harbor. Photo by Ray Sandla
Remembrance is a Quar terly Publication for Members of the Arizona Memorial Museum Association
v LettersPage FROM The edITOR
FROM The MeMBeRS
Paul Stillwell, the noted Naval historian, wrote the definitive book about the USS Arizona, Battleship Arizona An Illustrated History. A fascinating chronicle of the ship is included, with photos from the Arizona Memorial’s History Division Archives, crew members and navy photographers. the book also contains gripping personal accounts of December 7, 1941. it is a book that everyone with an abiding interest in one of the US Navy’s most famous battleships should have. on page 351, a series of letters start between Arizona Machinist Mate Bill Woodward and his wife, Virginia. the letters are especially poignant when Bill refers to his new daughter, Karen, who was born while Bill was at sea. the last letter was dated December 2, 1941. the letter reads, in part:
i just wanted to take time to write and say that i very much like the new Membership level program. it does allow many more to give support in various ways. i did renew my membership this time at the bronze level and intend to join the gold level soon. i believe it is important to preserve not only history, but a national cemetery of our honored countrymen. i know i remember my first time there. i could not even take a picture. Having been an avid history student of the time i was just in awe. i was overcome with thought and emotion, did not need to take a picture. the experience was moving and life changing. Keep up the great work; here’s to you, the park service and last but not least the United States Navy. God Bless America
Well darling our little one was four months old the 30th, wasn’t she? Darling I do hope you have some idea of how badly I want to see you both...I can hardly wait to see her as I have dreamed and thought about her so terribly much. After six more months my sweet you will never have to be alone for a whole day again. I will be terribly glad when we get back in...Well darling I must close for today and go on watch. Your ownBill Remembrance recently received a letter from Karen Richardson, the daughter that Bill never met. Ms. Richardson, an AMMA member since 1997, has visited the Memorial several times and was an invited guest in 1991 for the 50th Anniversary ceremonies. She asks if the museum would be interested in letters her father wrote. After forwarding her generous offer to the Museum Curator, i thought about the incredible treasure these letters represent, as tactile and real reminders of the sacrifices people willingly make in defense of their country. there is no better place for these valuable artifacts than the USS Arizona Memorial Museum. Yet to display these items properly, the Museum needs your help. A campaign is currently underway to fund a completely new and modern museum that will be able to safely display the increasing number of donations being offered by many veterans and their families. if you can help in any way, please contact Mr. Pete Viele at the AMMA office, 1808-485-2075. -Ray Sandla r e m e m b r a n c e
Frank G. Halasz
ing my first visit to Pearl Harbor. i am an amateur historian on Pearl Harbor and a “Friends” member of the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association California Bay Area Chapter 2. From the very day i joined AMMA it has shown to be a wise investment and one that i will renew for life. the Winter 2002 edition of Remembrance is a clear example of the value of that investment. thank you for publishing such an informative and well written journal. We must keep the memory of the attack on Pearl Harbor alive for today’s children and generations to come. i will use your publications to help when i guest lecture high school and college history classes. thank you again for your accurate and personal memorials. tom Morrical Aledo, Il
Plantation, FL
i am a member of AMMA and very much enjoy the the December issue of “Remembrance” publications. i have visited the Arizona Remembrance should be must reading for every high school in our glorious Memorial several times and was priv50 states. Many thanks for listing the ileged to be aboard the memorial on names of our membership as i think the 50th anniversary. it was an this will keep our new members extraordinary experience. Several of my Father’s letters from onboard. enclosed is my $100.00 check the Arizona to my Mother have been towards continued major league included in the book “Battleship Arizona” by Paul Stillwell. i have issues. items of my Fathers and would like Semper Fi to know what type of things you accept for the museum. ed Hurley Father’s name—- A.A. Woodward Queens Village, NY Karen J. Richardson Last May i joined the Arizona Memorial Museum Association dur-
San Clemente, CA
Please write to us at: Remembrance, 99-1444C Koaha Place, Aiea, hawaii 96701, or e-mail us at remembrance@hawaii.rr.com. Please include your name, address, and phone number. Letters may be edited for length or clarity. S p r i n g
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the
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AMMA and the U.S. Navy have joined together in an innovative program that brings history to the
by Kendall McCreary and Michelle Bradley magine a Pearl Harbor survivor speaking to a secondary school about his experience. He tells his story to a class of about 25 interested students. they see his garrison cap identifying his ship or station. they look into his eyes, which tell the story behind the story. He speaks with elementary students and high school students, personalizing history. Another survivor joins in and tells his story. After they speak, students are eager to ask questions. is this a visit to a local school? No. the two schools were 4,000 miles apart and the Pearl Harbor survivors were 3,000 miles apart. the Arizona Memorial Museum Association and the National Park Service have embarked on a new and unique educational project. the concept is simple: to provide an opportunity for Pearl Harbor Survivors to tell their stories to interested students from elementary through the university level. the method is more sophisticated: to use teleconferencing technology to reach classrooms locally and nationwide. Rather than travel to an individual school to give an interview, this program would involve a survivor and a moderator in one
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people who may need it most. room and a teacher and students in another room, either 5 or 5000 miles away. these educational interviews would be recorded for future generations. While new to the National Park Service and AMMA, distance-learning programs are established in a few museums. the Museum of tolerance (Simon Weisenthal Center) has a successful program in place titled, Bridging the Gap. Classrooms nationwide listen to the personal stories of Holocaust Survivors and their experience during World War ii. the Simon Weisenthal Center has offered technical and administrative support to NPS, AMMA, and the program developers, Kendall McCreary (education Division AMMA), Michelle Bradley (History Division AMMA) and Brad Baker (National Park Service Public Affairs), in the initial stages of this new program. he first technical and administrative tests were conducted on February 27th and 28th between Ford island, Naval Station Pearl Harbor and Naval Station San Diego. Pearl
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r e m e m b r a n c e
Survivors Herb Weatherwax, everett Hyland and Ray emory participated in a video conference with a group of active duty Navy volunteers at all three sites. Mr. Weatherwax told of witnessing the island-wide damage during the attack. Mr. Hyland told of being wounded while fighting on the USS Pennsylvania. Mr. emory told of his continuing struggle to identify the unknown casualties of December 7, 1941, fifty years after the event. All men had different perspectives of the same event. each story captivated the listening participants. on March 13, 2003 the first official pilot test was conducted. Dick Fiske gave an interview with the 5th grade at iolani School in Honolulu, a US History class at Hoover High School in North Canton, ohio, while the Corpus Christi Chapter of the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association observed from the Naval base in ingleside, texas. After telling his story and showing some pictures, he answered questions from the students. All participants expressed interest in becoming more involved. the education division of AMMA envisions this program as vital for educational and community outreach. it will bring the powerful and compelling stories of Pearl Harbor survivors nationwide to classrooms throughout the country. it is a way to bring the Memorial to those who cannot visit Hawaii. this program can be expanded to include others who witnessed the attack (civilian experiences). exhibits and artifacts could be included to supplement interpretive discussions by Park Rangers. even underwater teleconferences could take place from the wreckage of the Arizona by the Submerged Underwater Cultural Resources Unit of the National Park Service. his program never would have moved beyond the concept phase into reality without the unprecedented support from both the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association and the US Navy. the Navy (Naval Submarine training Center, Pacific) volunteered the use of its video teleconferencing equipment and technical support for this project, allowing a test of the program before the initial purchase of expensive equipment is made. Navy Public Affairs has been helpful in arranging base access and PR. the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association has supported this program from the beginning, and many members, including chapters outside Hawaii, have offered support and assistance. the Arizona Memorial Museum Association plans on conducting at least one more pilot test before the school years ends. With distance-learning teleconferencing technology a growing trend nationwide, museums and educational centers are beginning to appreciate its far-reaching and immediate effects on schools. the as yet unnamed program has proven its ability to get the history and message of December 7, 1941 to classrooms nationwide. While these conferences are centered on an historical event they are not history lessons. the goal of these teleconferences is to bring the personal accounts of Pearl Harbor survivors to students. in the words of the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association mission statement, “Remember Pearl Harbor, Keep America Alert.� v
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(Opposite) Dick Fiske, USS West Virginia survivor, answers questions from students in Hawaii and Ohio via teleconference technology. (Top) Hoover High School history students were beamed live from Canton, Ohio into the Naval Submarine Training Center conference room. (Middle) AMMA Education Director Kendall McCreary moderates the first official test of the teleconference at Pearl Harbor. (Bottom) Herb Weatherwax , left, and Everett Hyland participated in the first ever test of the new program. r e m e m b r a n c e
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act God of
When Super-typhoon Pongsona swept through Guam on December 8, 2002, barely five months after typhoon Cha’taan devastated the island, people had to start believing all over again 4
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A fire at the Mobil fuel facility raged for five days and forced the major harbor of Apra to shut down. The resulting shortages severely hampered emergency relief efforts. (Below) Fuel tanks resemble crushed tin cans from the air after crews finally gained control.
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Instead of celebrating the islands’ Feast of the Immaculate Conception that takes place every december 9, Guam’s Catholics joined the rest of the island to clean up the devastation caused by what the Red Cross listed as its second-largest disaster relief effort of 2002. More than 3,000 people remained in government shelters until the end of december, as 20,000 homes were either destroyed or heavily damaged. Fresh water, food, fuel and electricity were all in short supply and caused serious problems for weeks after the typhoon hit. FeMA, the Federal emergency Management Agency, alone provided more than $55 million in relief. The Red Cross served 124,000 meals and provided $8 million in total support for the stricken island. With sustained winds of 150 miles per hour and gusts of up to 180 mph, the typhoon equalled the force of a Category 5 hurricane and has been called the worst storm to hit Guam in living memory. The eye of the massive system stalled over the island for hours as the eye wall, the area of heaviest winds, struck major northern populations. The War in the Pacific National historic Park (WAPA), a unit of the National Park Service that AMMA supports, received extensive damage, especially along the shoreline. The Visitors Center, Park headquarters haloda Building, and other units of the site will cost approximately $1.5 million to rebuild. The National Park Service has contracted with engineering Solutions, Inc. (eSI) to provide repair estimates. eSI in turn subcontracted Guam based Winzler & Kelly Consulting engineers to provide the on site assessment report. despite the setbacks, Guam’s residents remain steadfast. Father James Benavente, rector of the dulce Nombre de Maria Cathedral-Basilica said, “We can still honor v the Blessed Mother...in our hearts.” 6
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SeMPeR FIdeLIS
Marine Corporals Morris h. Calo and “devil dog” Fritz von Margold cross a beach on Guam July 29, 1944. Photo courtesy National Park Service, Guam.
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illiam W. Putney, author of the popular book, “Always Faithful” which chronicled the heroism of the K-9 corps in the South Pacific during World War ii, died tuesday, March 18, 2003 at his home in the San Fernando Valley near Los Angeles. During World War ii, dogs were recruited from American owners through the Doberman Pinscher Club of America and Dogs for Defense, and served not only in the South Pacific, but in the european theater as well. in the permanent semi-darkness of the jungles of Guam, “everybody wanted a dog in their foxhole,” Putney remembered in a telephone interview in 1998. Putney, 3rd Marine War Dog platoon leader and Silver Star recipient for r e m e m b r a n c e
bravery, led and trained the military dogs and never forgot their dedication and heroism. “the reason is,” he wrote in his book, “the dogs lived in foxholes with their men...the fact that these dogs were killed instead of us and kept us from ever being ambushed or surprised at night makes them heroes in my mind.” Mr. Putney led a campaign to erect a new cemetery for the dogs after a visit to Guam in 1989. He found the original site damaged by storms and sadly neglected. on July 20, 1994, ceremonies, marked the 50th Anniversary of the invasion of Guam, and the official dedication of the new Memorial. the War Dog Memorial, which features a life-sized sculpture of Kurt, a Doberman Pinscher that distinguished
himself on Guam during the war, was created by Susan Behary Wilner. Wilner once said of the commission, “When i heard about it i was in tears. Here are dogs that have saved...American lives. they’re finally getting their due.” the book describes a mission to flush out enemy soldiers led by a Doberman named Cappy, “Cappy suddenly alerted that there were enemy ahead. A shot rang out and it hit Cappy and he...fell dead.” His handler, PFC Stanley terrell, ran to the dog’s side and held him in his arms. “Some photographer came up. terrell looked at me, tears running down his face...i said, ‘Go take your picture somewhere else.’” v A major source for this article was the War Dog Memorial website created by Louise Neumann S p r i n g
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preserve and protect
every two weeks members of the USS Arizona Dive team descend into a world few people have ever seen. in 1984 an extensive underwater study was performed on the Arizona by the Submerged Cultural Resources Unit of the National Park Service (NPS) to determine what exactly was resting on the silt bottom of Pearl Harbor. After confirming many facts about the December 7, 1941 attack and debunking many myths, the study went on to try to determine what, if anything, should be done to help preserve this extremely important American symbol of sacrifice and honor. the resulting document, the Submerged Cultural Resources Study (available through the AMMA bookstore, arizonamemorial.org/bookstore) is a fascinating and sometimes haunting underwater glimpse on the strange interaction between nature and myth. Lead Dive team Member Marshall owens has taken on the challenge of furthering the work of the Submerged Resources Unit to provide continuity and consistency. the team checks water quality, current flow, growth of the biofouling encrusting the hull (70% of which is iron which has migrated outward from the ship) and collects bacteria found nowhere else on earth. As the study puts the interaction of ship and sea, “USS Arizona (is) essentially a large multicompositional metal structure resting in a biochemical soup....� the study concludes that for now, the structure of the ship is stable. thanks to the efforts of dedicated NPS divers, the USS Arizona, and the brave men who went down with her almost 62 years ago, can rest in peace. (Left, top) Dive Team leader Marshall Owens shoots digital photos of the hull of the Arizona for further study and as a visual record of the condition of the exterior of the Arizona. (Left, bottom) Dive Team member Brad Baker submerges near the #3 barbette, the largest feature of the ship still remaining above the water line. Salvage operations removed most of the structure of the Arizona for re-use during the war. (Left) An amazing array of sea life thrives in the rich nutrients that make up the composition of Pearl Harbor. (Bottom) Artist Jerry Livingston won prestigious historic display prizes for his detailed drawings of the submerged ship, which can be seen in the Submerges Resources Study. Data from the original dives provided information not only for these incredible two dimensional studies, but for the model, built by Robert Sumrall, housed at the Arizona Memorial Museum. Underwater photos courtesy of Marshall Owens
Ruth
Cope
joined
the
Women’s Air Raid defense on december 26, 1941 after missing an evacuation boat to the U.S. mainland. had
wanted
a
She final
Christmas dinner with husband Bill, an Army Air Corps pilot.
They haven’t
missed a Christmas together since.
true survivors by Michelle Bradley
M
arried on November 26, 1941 Bill and Ruth Cope were looking forward to a bright and happy future together. He was a bomber pilot stationed at Hickam Army Air Corps Base and she had just graduated from college. they returned from their honeymoon on December 1st and immediately moved into new quarters on Hickam. Bill would live there for less than a week, and Ruth would live there for less than a month.
Photos Courtesy Bill and Ruth Cope
Bill and Ruth Cope, married for almost 62 years, still have as much fun today as they did in the early 1940’s. 1 0
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the night of December 6, 1941, Bill had duty until after midnight. Ruth waited up for him and busied herself by unpacking the multiple boxes of their household goods, including her mother’s china. Both Bill and Ruth did not get to sleep until after one in the morning.
By the end of the second wave of the Japanese assault, all of the B-17s on the island had been destroyed. Bill was reassigned to Bellows Army Air Corps Base to fly the B-18s that remained untouched on the island. He was ordered to move into the Bachelor officers Quarters at Bellows. Ruth volunteered her time and services in the aftermath of the attack. the hospital at Hickam had no electricity, and even small tasks such as washing dishes became an overwhelming problem for the regular hospital staff. one of the ways Ruth contributed to the effort was to spend several days in the Hickam Hospital’s kitchen washing dishes by hand for patients. She was so busy she never finished unpacking her china, as well as the rest of her household goods, in her new quarters.
the Japanese attack on oahu began at 7:55 am the morning of December 7 while Ruth and Bill Cope were still sleeping. they could hear loud noises coming from the direction of Pearl Harbor, but they assumed the Navy was conducting live fire drills. Bill even commented, “the Navy must be practicing early this morning.” it was not until they saw a Japanese plane fly over their house that the Copes realized oahu was under attack.
the Army Air Corps had told her to be ready to evacuate off-island within 24 hours notice. She was allowed only 2 suitcases. While waiting for that evacuation order she continued to help wherever and whenever called upon. Days turned into weeks and by December 25 the evacuation order still had not come down. Planning to use up all 24 hours, she risked a trip to Bellows to bring Bill his Christmas present and to share Christmas dinner. Upon returning to r e m e m b r a n c e
Hickam, she was informed she had missed the evacuation. the evacuation order had come and gone and all the wives had already shipped out, bound for the US Mainland. What would happen next brought Ruth directly into the war effort. on December 26, 1941, the US Army Air Corps asked Ruth to join the WARDs (Women’s Air Raid Defense). this organization would train women to use and to plot radar signals and to assist the armed forces in using radar to track not only the enemy’s planes but US planes as well. When Ruth agreed to become a charter member of the WARDs, she chose not to return to the US Mainland, was restricted from returning to her new quarters on Hickam and was relocated to Fort Shafter. During the month of January 1942, she began her training at iolani Palace and then moved to opana Radar. By February 1942, these new WARDs operated from their permanent base, a tunnel at Fort Shafter. they were paid $125 per month as well as room and board. the WARDS worked and lived at Fort Shafter. thanks to their efforts oahu now had 24-hour radar surveillance, which was not the case prior to December 7, 1941.
Another significant memory of her time with the WARDs took place just before the Battle of Midway, a significant turning point in the Pacific War. Bill called Ruth at Fort Shafter and said, “i’ll be gone for a few days but i can’t tell you where i’m going.” But Ruth knew exactly where he was going, because the WARDs were assigned to track the American planes headed to Midway. Yet, she couldn’t tell him she knew where he was headed. once the battle was over, Army General Davidson personally congratulated the WARDs for all of their hard work during the Battle of Midway and announced that all of the American planes that would be returning home had already done so. Yet Ruth knew Bill had not yet returned and feared the worst. it was not until after his speech that General Davidson apologized to Ruth, informing her Bill had lost an engine and was slowly making his way back. He had forgotten to tell her of Bill’s engine trouble before he began his speech.
Ruth enjoyed her time with the WARDs. She contributed significantly to the war effort and to the defense of oahu itself. She remained a WARD until the fall of 1942 when she returned to the US Mainland to be reunited with Bill when he returned to quarters in early 1943. Bill had participated in the the WARDs’ work was so top Secret that Ruth could not tell Battle of Midway and Guadalcanal. Bill what she did. in fact he never got to see where Ruth worked. His first visit to Fort Shafter’s tunnel was during the As for Ruth and Bill’s quarters on Hickam, they never saw it Pearl Harbor 50th Anniversary commemoration. again. it was locked up with most of their household goods remaining where she had left them the day before the attack one of Ruth’s most harrowing memories during her time with (including her mother’s china that was still sitting on the dinthe WARDs involved her husband. At Fort Shafter one day, ing room table). Ruth would not see her belongings again until she was tracking Bill’s plane and watched in horror as it disap- after the war when it was packed up by the military and sent to peared from the radar screen. Bill was conducting a training Bill’s next duty station. Her mother’s china arrived in Florida mission out of Bellows Field. When Bill called several hours undamaged. v later to inform her that he had crashed but he was all right, Ruth already knew. She had watched him crash and had heard the radio reports that the Navy had rescued the crew and all were safe.
Bill and Ruth Cope are a favorite of visitors to the USS
A rizona Memorial. Bill was a bomber pilot for the Army Air Corps stationed at hickam Field and both witnessed the Japanese
attack
on
december 7. Both like to say they survived Pearl harbor
and 62 years of marriage. r e m e m b r a n c e
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arizona
memorial
museum
association
Bookstore
Featured
Item
Wings of Valor: Curtiss P-36A exclusively produced for AMMA, this 1/72 scale aircraft is meticulously modeled after Philip Rasmussen’s plane flown on december 7, 1941. Please see the story about Mr. Rasmussen on page 14.
$7.95 + shipping and handling AMMA Members pay just $6.76 + S&H
arizonamemorial.org/bookstore 1-888-485-1941
Featured Titles “For each civilian and military wife who joined the WARD, the events of December 7, 1941 redefined their life and presented them with new priorities. All they saw and felt and did that day motivated them to participate in the war effort. By February 12, 1942 the Women’s Air Raid Defense, operating from the information Center at Fort Shafter, was coordinating, interpreting and disseminating their findings...and assisting in the creation of a unified air defense of the Hawaiian islands.”
$5.50 + S&H AMMA Members $4.68 + S&H
“it is my hope that the history of World War ii, rendered accessible to younger students in Richard Panchyk’s readable account, will inspire another generation of Americans as we wage a new struggle against the enemies of freedom.” -Senator John McCain
$14.95 + S&H AMMA Members $12.71 + S&H
“the book is...illuminated by a wealth of archival images, frequently matched with outstanding modern color photographs...that document the many remains of the day still in evidence at Pearl Harbor. Also showcased are specially commissioned paintings by artist tom Freeman, who brings to life with remarkable accuracy the scenes the camera could not capture.” -Pearl Harbor, Day of Infamy
$39.95 + S&H AMMA Members $33.96 + S&H
on a
wing and a prayer Philip Rasmussen / December 7, 1941
Phil Rasmussen was awarded the Silver Star for his heroic actions on December 7, 1941. His account gives an interesting look into the lives of military personnel in Hawaii immediately before the Japanese attack and a gripping tale of the day that changed so many lives forever.
O
n Saturday, December 6, 1941, we completed inspection of aircraft, an end-of-the-week custom in the Army Air Corps. All aircraft at Wheeler Field were carefully lined up wingtip to wingtip on the ramp in front of the hangers. each pilot and crewchief stood at attention in front of his airplane as the commander, General Davidson, trooped the line: all of us waiting for this tedious function to end so that we could get on to our important activities...the married men to their families for picnics at Haleiwa military beach or to Ft. DeRussy, the younger bachelors to Waikiki beach where a new batch of girls were in from the mainland debarking from the Lurline or Matsonia looking for fun and excitement. there was little tension on the island. We were on an anti-sabotage alert with guards at strategic municipal facilities such as power stations and water pumping stations. After all, we were out in the midPacific far from any major war threat. Joe Powell, a pilot friend and i, had dates in Honolulu, a short half hour drive from Wheeler. We picked up our dates, bought beer and drove to Makapuu Point for body surfing. We settled down on blankets, turned on our 30 pound Zenith transocean portable radio, listening to the mainland music fading in and out. Body surfing at Makapuu Point is rough and tumbling, and for days after sand would rattle in our ears especially when flying aerobatics. in the afternoon we headed for Kau Kau Korners for a snack with our final des-
tination being trader Vic’s. (to those of you unfamiliar with the scene in 1941, Kau Kau Korners was the first fast food outlet in Hawaii, similar to McDonalds today, and trader Vic’s a landmark night club, and the only one i was aware of in Honolulu, reminiscent of Somerset Maugham’s tales of the South Pacific.) We danced the night through, and headed for Wheeler Field at about one A.M., Sunday morning, December the 7th. the road that wandered up to Wheeler Field from Honolulu passed high above Pearl Harbor giving us a panoramic view of the whole harbor. it was a brilliant, starlit night and all the ships in the harbor strung with lights from stem to stern reminded me of tivoli or Revere Beach outside of Boston, my home town. Joe was snoozing on the way back. i nudged him awake and said, ‘Did you ever see so many lights at Pearl’? He looked sleepily and commented, ‘Boy, what a target that would make’, and dropped promptly off to sleep for the rest of the trip to Wheeler.
T
he bachelor officers at Wheeler lived in the barracks at the main entrance nicknamed ‘splinter city’. it being Sunday, everyone off-duty was sleeping late. i awakened to a nature call and while idly standing in the latrine looking out the window overlooking the hanger line, i saw an airplane dive and drop an object which on impact blossomed into a huge bomb blast, quickly followed by others. My first impression was that the Navy was up to some realistic tricks. (For years we would buzz the Navy airfields on Sunday mornings and drop paper-sacks of flour simulating bombs as well as awakening the sleeping base, and of course, the Navy pilots would reciprocate). But these were not sacks of flour and when the plane pulled up from its dive and i saw the ‘meat-
(l) An Army Air Corps P-36A in flight. The “hawk” was considered obsolete by many even before the start of WWII.
(r)The bullet and 20mm cannon riddled fuselage of the plane that Phil Rasmussen flew against the Japanese on december 7th. This picture was taken on december 8, 1941. All photos courtesy Phil Rasmussen S p r i n g
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pulled up from its dive and i saw the ‘meatball’ (rising sun) on the wing, i yelled down the hall that we were being attacked by Japs. i strapped on my web belt and 45-cal pistol over my pajamas, pulled on my boots and ran for the flight line. outside the barracks small date palms had recently been planted and i hid behind a three foot one taking shots at the planes as they sped by strafing us. i ran down to the hanger line and it was chaos; ammunition was exploding in the hangers, fire everywhere. An airplane would explode and in turn ignite the plane next to it. the only planes not burning were a few Curtis P-36s. i jumped into one, got it started, and with an armorer who came out of nowhere and whose name i unfortunately never learned, sitting on the wing with belts of 30-cal and 50-cal ammunition hanging on his shoulders, taxied over to one of the earthen revetments surrounding the airfield. Lew Sanders, my squadron commander, John thacker and othneil Norris also taxied airplanes to the revetments. the P-36 i flew had no armor plate protection and was armed with one 50-cal and one 30-cal machine, gun firing through the propeller. in the process of arming the airplane we would jump off the wing as [an enemy] bomber approached, to gain whatever protection the revetment offered. the Japanese bomber (code name VAL) had no forward firing guns, but it did have a rear gunner, so the pilot who had already dropped his bombs, would dive steeply over the target (us) and pull up sharply so that the tail gunner would have a free field of fire and not shoot off the vertical stabilizer. We hopped from one side of the revetment to the other to keep out of harm’s way. During a lull in the attack we took off in formation, Sanders in the lead, and his wingman, Gordon Sterling, having somehow substituted for Norris. i was thacker’s wingman. After takeoff, we armed our guns by pulling an arming lever in the cockpit for each gun. this lever was pulled back to our ears and then allowed to snap back placing a bullet in the chamber. When i did this with my 50-cal gun, the gun started firing by itself, so i had to keep the charging handle pulled back. We headed towards 1 6
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Bellows Field, climbing through the clouds, over the Koolau mountain foothills, received radio instructions to fly to Kaneohe Bay. At about nine thousand feet, we spotted some VALs below us and dove to attack them. Above were more ZeRos. i saw Lew Sanders engage an airplane and out of the right corner of my vision, i saw a plane, slightly above and coming across, in front of me. i let a 50-cal arm slide into firing position and saw bullets stitch the fuselage, and smoke started coming out of the plane. i also found that my 30-cal machine gun would not fire. At that instant, two things happened: one, i saw one of our airplanes (probably Sterling) diving with the [enemy] chasing it, and two, i suffered hits from an airplane i never saw, but the results were
Severed rudder cable of Rasmussen’s plane
startling. My canopy was shattered, my hydraulic lines and rudder cable were severed, and my tail wheel was shot off. Along with two 20 mm explosive cannon shells that buried themselves in the radio equipment behind the pilot’s seat (saving my life as there was no armor protection). 7.7mm bullets peppered the catwalks on both sides of the cockpit.
Life-saving radio equipment
I
ducked into the nearest cloud cover struggling to stabilize the plane. After getting the plane under control, i gin-
gerly reached to touch the top of my head to see how badly i was injured (i was not wearing a helmet - only ear phones). to my relief, i found only shredded plexiglass from the canopy mixed in my hair and no blood or injuries. i headed back towards Wheeler, ducking in and out of clouds. on base leg my cockpit indicator showed the wheels were not down. i managed to get them pumped down and locked just as i touched down - another thrill. Wheeler had no runways at the time - simply a grass field still wet with morning dew. Without rudder, tailwheels or brakes, i groundlooped a couple of times before cutting my engine and coming to a stop. Later i found a bullet had flattened my right tire. As ground crews rushed to my plane to see if i was o.k. i sat benumbed in the cockpit for moments, unable to take in the rush of events: the attack, my close brush with death, destruction and fire surrounding me. i glanced around, the hangers still burning, the planes sitting in smoldering rows with their backs broken, engines pointing to the sky. only then did fear enter the equation, the adrenaline had worn down. i glanced at my watch - 50 minutes since takeoff. i shakily got out of the plane, walked over to my room and traded my pajamas for a flying suit and returned to the flight line properly attired. When we surveyed the airplane i counted some 450 holes, Lew got to 500. We were not sure that the Japanese would not return, so everyone with a car equipped his trunk with carbine, ammunition and C rations to be in the position to continue guerrilla fighting in the mountains if it came to that. i finally dumped the C rations months later when i found them in my trunk. For days after the attack, as we looked from Wheeler Field towards Pearl Harbor, some 12 miles away, we saw black smoke with boiling geysers of fire filling the horizon. What we did, Ken taylor, George Welch, Harry Brown, Lew Sanders, John thacker, Gordon Sterling and so many others on the ground and in the air was an instinctive reaction to events - something anyone of our military would have done were they in the same position. v
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In the News
The USS Maryland lies just inside the overturning USS Oklahoma in this captured Japanese photograph
High Schooler Helps Survivor Return to Pearl Harbor by Will Hoover Article reprinted by permission of the Honolulu Advertiser
W
hen Pearl Harbor survivor Vince Amato visited Jefferson High School in Lafayette, ind., to share his recollections of Dec. 7, 1941, with students in Ashley Gillam’s American experience class, the World War ii vet mentioned that he hadn’t returned to Pearl Harbor in the six decades since. Gillam’s teacher later suggested that the class show its gratitude by sending Amato a thank you letter. “i thought, ‘Why write a thank you letter?’” said Gillam, 17. “‘Why not have a fund-raiser and send him back?’” Gillam began making phone calls to
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veterans service organizations and anyone else who would listen. After the indianapolis Journal and Courier ran a story about Gillam’s phone campaign, the history buff raised $6,000 in four days. Meanwhile, an anonymous indianapolis businessman called to say he would pay for Amato’s room at the Waikiki Marriott. American trans-Air inc. donated round-trip airline tickets for Amato and his daughter, Cathy Lynn Upton. on Sunday, March 23, Amato and his daughter arrived in Honolulu. And, since there was enough money left over
to pay for it, Gillam came along. on Wednesday, March 26, the three were given a tour of Pearl Harbor aboard the Admiral’s Barge with Rear Adm. Robert Conway, Commander, Navy Region Hawaii. After expressing his appreciation to the admiral, Amato put his arm around Gillam. “this is the young lady who created this for me,” he said. “i couldn’t believe someone would do this for an old salt like me. But i’m glad she did.” Amato was an 18-year-old sailor aboard the USS Maryland the morning the bombs began to drop and Pearl Harbor became frozen in history. g S p r i n g
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“i had just been relieved from my job in the boiler room,” Amato said. “i went up to the shower room and while i was there this friend wanted me to give him some change. that’s when we heard the bombs go off. “We looked out the porthole and we could see the bombs going off over Ford island. the planes were coming in at an angle, and after they hit Ford island they would zoom over the ships.” Japanese planes dropped torpedoes that sank the USS Oklahoma. Because of the Oklahoma’s position, torpedoes were unable to hit the Maryland. “if it wasn’t for the Oklahoma, i wouldn’t be here today talking,” Amato said. “the Maryland would have taken them (torpedoes), and they’d be saying prayers over us. it just didn’t happen to be my day to die.” Like others who survived that morn-
ing, Amato has painful memories of the attack. that is part of the reason he had never returned. At times he has wondered why he lived when so many others died. When he was informed that Gillam had raised the money for him to return to Hawai’i, Amato said he thought it was a joke. it wasn’t until days later when the indianapolis newspaper called that he realized it was for real. He said he finally decided that returning would bring him closure. Upton says she was stunned when her father accepted. Although he had spoken of his Pearl Harbor experience often when she was growing up, she said he never considered returning to Ford island. “i’ve tried for years to get him to come back, and i just couldn’t do it,” she said. “i couldn’t even get him to go see
the movie ‘Pearl Harbor.’ So, i’m just speechless.” Amato said it was sad to see the battle scene again. But he said he was grateful for having had the opportunity. Gillam’s hometown newspaper has asked her to write an article about her Hawai’i experience after she returns on April 2. Amato and Gillam will return to Jefferson High with an American flag that flew over the Arizona Memorial on the day of their visit and a copy of “A Day of infamy” signed by numerous Pearl Harbor survivors. “At first my mom didn’t want me to come,” Gillam said. “But, she finally gave in after my dad told her i’m never going to get the chance again to go to Pearl Harbor with a survivor. “i feel like a celebrity. We’re having a press conference when we get back.” v
“If it weren’t for the Oklahoma, I wouldn’t be here talking.” The Oklahoma took only minutes to capsize, but the memory of it, for men like Vince Amato, would last a lifetime.
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