Architectural Thesis (Report) - Charan Khad Project

REPORT BY

RANJAN LOHIA

CHARAN KHAD PROJECT Recreational Tourism Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh

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“ Upon completion of my five years in architecture education, the assumed level of hard work and dedication needed to thrive in such an environment has certainly been confirmed. For me, an architectural education is about learning a different way to think, a unique approach to the intrinsic nature of design and how it can be applied to daily life – to everything I do.

It is through this realization that I'm able to actuate the creative process to a level that I did not even know existed within myself, never forgetting my experience with the significance of design.

I am always fascinated with the opportunity to make something – to bring a design to life – a result often forgotten within the four walls of the studio. Whether through drawings, models or graphics, knowing that what I put in to either one is the result of a design philosophy that entails discipline and creativity, makes it all worth it.

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ARCHITECTURAL THESIS 2021 On

CHARAN KHAD PROJECT Recreational Tourism Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh

[Thesis Report] Submitted To

Indo Global College of Architecture Abhipur, S.A.S. Nagar Mohali, Punjab

THESIS GUIDE Ar. Satwinder Kaur THESIS COORDINATOR Ar. Swati Behl SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY:

Ar. S.S. Sekhon Ar. Ruchy Lakhani Ar. V.P. Anil Ar. R.L. Goyal Ar. Naresh Sehgal

Ranjan Lohia College Roll No.16074 University Roll No.1640563 X Semester Batch 2016-2021

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DECLARATION The research and studio work embodied in this report has been carried out by the undersigned as ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-IX (THESIS PROJECT) part of the 10th semester (2020-21) of the Bachelor of Architecture program in the Indo Global College of Architecture, Abhipur affliated to I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala under the supervision of the teachers of the college.

The undersigned hereby declares that this is an original work and has not been plagarised in part or full from any source, and that this work has not been submitted for this degree in this or any other university.

Ranjan Lohia College Roll No.: 16074 University Roll No.: 1640563 B. Arch. X Semester Batch 2016-2021

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CERTIFICATE This thesis was carried out during the months of February to June 2021, as ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-IX (THESIS PROJECT) part of the 10th semester (2020-21) of the Bachelor of Architecture program in the Indo Global College of Architecture, Abhipur affliated to I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala. Thereafter based on the declaration of the candidate, the thesis was presented to the external jury. For this work, the candidate was awarded the following marks:

1.

2.

Internal Evaluation during the semester _______ out of 300 marks.

External Jury Evaluation _______ out of 250 marks.

On successful completion of the Bachelor of Architecture (5 year course) by the candidate, the undersigned hereby accepts the thesis report on behalf of the College, so that it may be placed in the Architecture Library.

_______________

_______________

_______________

Ar. S.S. Sekhon

Ar. Ruchy Lakhani

Ar. Swati Behl

(Director)

(Principal)

(Thesis Coordinator)

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT As a graduate a new journey begins for me while another journey ends and looking back on the journey I am reminded of everyone who has tuched my life.

I would like to extend my deepest sense of gratitude to all the teachers who have endured and helped me throughout my time in this college.

A special thanks to Ar. S.S Sekhon (Director) Sir, for the constant help, guidance and advice that he has extended throughout the progress of my design development. Without his help it would have been nearly impossible for me to complete my project.

To all my batchmates, my roomates, all the loving and caring seniors and juniors who have helped me with ideas and efforts I would like to extend my deepest sense of gratitude.

And last but not the least I would like to thank my family members who selflessly supported me with my decision to study architecture and helped me all the way to reach my destination as an architect graduate.

Ranjan Lohia College Roll No.: 16074 University Roll No.: 1640563 B. Arch. X Semester Batch 2016-2021 Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 Abstract Title ........................................................................................... 1 Architectural Experience ......................................................... 2 Cover Page ............................................................................... 3 Declaration ............................................................................... 4 Certificate ................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgement .................................................................. 6 Table of Contents..................................................................... 7

02 Synopsis 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 18 2.2 Validity ................................................................................ 19 2.3 Scope of works ................................................................... 20 2.4 Limitations .......................................................................... 24 2.5 Proposed site...................................................................... 25 2.6 Study methods ................................................................... 28 2.7 Prototype studies ............................................................... 30 2.8 Documentation .................................................................. 31 2.9 Aim & objectives ................................................................ 32

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03 Literature Study 3.1 Site analysis ......................................................................... 34 3.2 Legislation .......................................................................... 40 3.3 Space analysis..................................................................... 51 3.4 Connectivity ....................................................................... 55 3.5 Campus formation ............................................................. 57 3.6 Building services ................................................................ 62 3.7 Construction ....................................................................... 74 3.8 Landscaping ....................................................................... 78 3.9 Climate................................................................................ 80 3.10 Environment ..................................................................... 81

04 Prototype Studies 4.1 Japanese Garden, Sector 31, Chandigarh .......................... 88 4.1.1 Site analysis ...................................................................... 89 4.1.2 Legislation ........................................................................ 93 4.1.3 Drawings .......................................................................... 94 4.1.4 Space analysis .................................................................. 95 4.1.5 Campus ............................................................................ 100 4.1.6 Construction .................................................................... 104 4.1.7 Landscaping ..................................................................... 105 4.1.8 Cultural context ............................................................... 108 4.1.9 Inferences ........................................................................ 109

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4.2 Nature Interpretation Centre, Chandigarh ...................... 110 4.2.1 Site analysis ...................................................................... 111 4.2.2 Legislation ....................................................................... 114 4.2.3 Drawings .......................................................................... 116 4.2.4 Space analysis ................................................................. 118 4.2.5 Connectivity..................................................................... 120 4.2.6 Campus ............................................................................ 121 4.2.7 Building services .............................................................. 125 4.2.8 Interpretation ................................................................. 126 4.2.9 Construction.................................................................... 128 4.2.10 Landscaping ................................................................... 129 4.2.11 Climate ............................................................................ 132 4.2.12 Cultural context ............................................................. 133 4.2.13 Inferences ...................................................................... 134 4.3 Andretta Artists' Village, Palampur.................................. 135 4.3.1 Site analysis ...................................................................... 136 4.3.2 Space analysis.................................................................. 142 4.3.3 Drawings.......................................................................... 149 4.3.4 Connectivity .................................................................... 151 4.3.5 Campus ............................................................................ 152 4.3.6 Construction ................................................................... 153 4.3.7 Climate ............................................................................. 154 4.3.8 Inferences ....................................................................... 155 4.4 Botanical Garden, Chandigarh .......................................... 156 4.4.1 Site analysis ..................................................................... 157 4.4.2 Legislation ....................................................................... 159 Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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4.4.3 Space analysis ................................................................. 160 4.4.4 Campus............................................................................ 162 4.4.5 Landscaping .................................................................... 164 4.4.6 Cultural context .............................................................. 167 4.4.7 Inferences ....................................................................... 168

05 Programme Formulation 5.1 Relative analysis .................................................................. 170 5.2 Space Requirements .......................................................... 175 5.3 Areas calculations .............................................................. 178

06 Design Evolution & Concept 6.1 Concept ............................................................................... 180

07 Drawings

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List of figures Figure 1 – Overview of Project, Page 106 Dharamshala Smart City Proposal (SCP)............................................. 18 Figure 2 - List of Projects as per Smart City Proposal: Dharamshala .................................................................... 19 Figure 3 - Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon_Beringia_Interpretive_Centre .................................................................. 20 Figure 4 - Craft Bazaar - Dilli Haat, INA.................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 5 - Craft Bazaar - Dilli Haat, INA ................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 6 - Craft Bazaar - Dilli Haat, INA ................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 7 - Madurodam, Scheveningen, Netherlands https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurodam ...................... 22 Figure 8 - Botanical Garden Chandigarh http://chandigarh.gov.in/green_botanical.htm ................................... 23 Figure 9 – Earthquake Hazard Map by Himachal Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority http://hp.gov.in/hpsdma/ .................................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 10 - Page 141, Dharamshala Smart City Proposal (SCP) .............................................................................. 25 Figure 11 - Page 142, Dharamshala Smart City Proposal (SCP)............................................................................ 26 Figure 12 - Survey Plan, DSCL Files ....................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 13 - Location of Site ................................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 14 - Site Surrounding, Sabzi Mandi of Civil Station & Charan Bridge ........................................................ 36 Figure 15 - Site Surrounding, Dhauladhar Ranges ................................................................................................ 36 Figure 16 - Site Surrounding, Charan Bridge ........................................................................................................ 37 Figure 17 - Site Surrounding, Shops & stalls ......................................................................................................... 37 Figure 18 - Topography Map of Site ..................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 19 - Section X-X' ......................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 20 - Section Y-Y' ......................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 21 - Land use plan of surrounding the site ................................................................................................ 40 Figure 22 - Proposed Connectivity of various blocks ............................................................................................ 55 Figure 23 - Small museum/Tourist Interpretation centre flowchart, Source: TSS ................................................ 56 Figure 24 - Interpretive building design concept, Source: TSS .............................................................................. 56 Figure 25 - Parking space arrangement ............................................................................................................... 57 Figure 26 - Parking space arrangement ............................................................................................................... 57 Figure 27 - Parking space arrangement ............................................................................................................... 57 Figure 28 - Parking space arrangement .............................................................................................................. 57 Figure 29 - Parking space arrangement ............................................................................................................... 58 Figure 30 - Parking space arrangement ............................................................................................................... 58 Figure 31 - Parking space arrangement ............................................................................................................... 58 Figure 32 - Turning radius of standard car ........................................................................................................... 60 Figure 33 - Turning radius of standard car ........................................................................................................... 60 Figure 34 - Cross section of major approach road ................................................................................................ 61 Figure 35 - Cross section of internal road within campus..................................................................................... 61 Figure 36 - Sewage System ................................................................................................................................... 62 Figure 37 - b. Partially Ventilated System............................................................................................................. 65 Figure 38 - c. Fully Ventilated System Figure 39 - d. Two Pipe System ..................................................... 66 Figure 40 - a. Different types of water supply system .......................................................................................... 66 Figure 41 - c. Overhead tank distribution ............................................................................................................. 67 Figure 42 - Minimum dimensions stairways ......................................................................................................... 70 Figure 43 - Components of means of egress ........................................................................................................ 70 Figure 44 - Typical fire safety plumbing system ................................................................................................... 71 Figure 45 - - Typical arrangement of wet riser ..................................................................................................... 71 Figure 46 – Typical firefighting shaft .................................................................................................................... 71 Figure 47 - Typical firefighting system.................................................................................................................. 72 Figure 48 - Storage of Rain Water Harvesting Surface ......................................................................................... 73 Figure 49 - Recharge to Ground Water: ............................................................................................................... 73

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Figure 52 - Local Materials such as slate, wood & mud used by Didi Contractor ................................................. 75 Figure 50 - Slate stored in Dharamshala .............................................................................................................. 75 Figure 51 - Stone & slate used in boundary wall .................................................................................................. 75 Figure 53 - GRIHA Logo......................................................................................................................................... 84 Figure 54 - Location map: Japanese Garden, Source: https://maps.google.com/ ............................................... 89 Figure 55 - Surrounding: NCC Headquarters Chandigarh & nearby Buildings Sector 31-D .................................. 90 Figure 56 - Surrounding: A secondary gate & nearby Buildings Sector 31-C ........................................................ 90 Figure 57 - Surrounding: Nearby Buildings Sector 31-D ....................................................................................... 90 Figure 58 - Site photographs before construction, Source: Panel board on site................................................... 91 Figure 59 - Site photographs during construction, Source: Panel board on site................................................... 91 Figure 60 - Site photographs after construction, Source: Panel board on site ..................................................... 92 Figure 61 - Site Plan (Part 1) ................................................................................................................................. 94 Figure 62 - Site Plan (Part 1) ........................................................................................................................... 94 Figure 63 - Display room & guard room integrated in the Entry at Sector 31A ................................................... 96 Figure 64 - Toilet building ..................................................................................................................................... 96 Figure 65 - Shops and Japanese paintings in Underpass ...................................................................................... 96 Figure 66 - 3m wide path + Japanese elements.................................................................................................... 97 Figure 67 – Pagoda Tower .................................................................................................................................... 97 Figure 68 - Japanese theme seating + shrubs and pathway ................................................................................. 97 Figure 69 - Japanese boundary wall ..................................................................................................................... 98 Figure 71 - Sculpture of A Lady with Cameraman ................................................................................................ 98 Figure 70 - Dragon Swing ..................................................................................................................................... 98 Figure 72 - Japanese rock garden with miniature buildings ................................................................................. 98 Figure 73 - Bridge over the water body ................................................................................................................ 99 Figure 74 - Gazebo and Sculpture of Stone .......................................................................................................... 99 Figure 75 - Sculpture of Buddha under a Peepal tree ........................................................................................... 99 Figure 76 - Site Plan (Whole) .............................................................................................................................. 100 Figure 77 - Campus entry 1 towards Parking at Sector 31 A & B ....................................................................... 100 Figure 78 - Campus entry 2 towards V4 road of Sector 31 ................................................................................. 101 Figure 79 - Campus entry 3 towards Parking at Sector 31 C & D ....................................................................... 101 Figure 80 - Parking 1 towards Parking at Sector 31 A & B ................................................................................. 102 Figure 81 - Parking towards V4 road of Sector 31 .............................................................................................. 102 Figure 82 - Parking 3 towards Parking at Sector 31 C & D ................................................................................. 102 Figure 83 - Japanese style path lights................................................................................................................. 103 Figure 84 - High mast light ................................................................................................................................. 103 Figure 85 - Rock garden theme path lights......................................................................................................... 103 Figure 86 - Brick structure with sandstone ......................................................................................................... 104 Figure 87 - Exposed timber beams ..................................................................................................................... 104 Figure 88 - Peepal tree or Ficus religiosa ............................................................................................................ 105 Figure 89 - Buxus spp. ......................................................................................................................................... 106 Figure 90 - Fan palm ........................................................................................................................................... 106 Figure 91 - Topiary of shrubs for making various shapes ................................................................................... 106 Figure 92 - RCC Bridge, grass patch tiles ............................................................................................................ 107 Figure 93 - Metal railing, 1.5m wide path .......................................................................................................... 107 Figure 94 - Concrete pathway with stones ......................................................................................................... 107 Figure 95 - Steady steps...................................................................................................................................... 107 Figure 96 - Scratched surface ............................................................................................................................. 107 Figure 97 - Label stone ....................................................................................................................................... 107 Figure 98 - Google rating.................................................................................................................................... 109 Figure 99 - 5 Star Rating ..................................................................................................................................... 109 Figure 100 - 5 Star Rating ................................................................................................................................... 109 Figure 101 - 5 Star Rating ................................................................................................................................... 109 Figure 102 - 5 Star Rating ................................................................................................................................... 109

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Figure 103 – 3 Star Rating .................................................................................................................................. 109 Figure 104 - Location map: Nature Interpretation Centre, Source: https://maps.google.com/......................... 111 Figure 105 - Site Plan, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ .................................................................... 112 Figure 106 - Surrounding: Regulator end of Sukhna Choe.................................................................................. 112 Figure 107 - Surrounding: Garden of Silence, Sukhna Lake ................................................................................ 113 Figure 108 - Terrace Plan, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ .............................................................. 116 Figure 109 - Floor Plan, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ .................................................................. 116 Figure 110 - Elevation, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ ................................................................... 117 Figure 111 - Section 1, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ ................................................................... 117 Figure 112 - Section 2, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ ................................................................... 117 Figure 113 - Reception cum Souvenir shop ......................................................................................................... 118 Figure 114 - Entry to Exhibition Room 1 ............................................................................................................. 119 Figure 115 - Exhibition Room 1........................................................................................................................... 119 Figure 116 - Exhibition Room 2........................................................................................................................... 119 Figure 117 - Seating for tourists and tourist information machine .................................................................... 119 Figure 118 - Connectivity, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ .............................................................. 120 Figure 119 - Site Plan, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ .................................................................... 121 Figure 120 - Pedestrian approach road from Sukhna Lake side ......................................................................... 121 Figure 121 - Vehicular approach road from Uttar Marg in south east ............................................................... 122 Figure 122 - Building entry towards Parking and Uttar Marg ............................................................................ 122 Figure 123 - Building Entry from Sukhna Choe and Sukhna Lake, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ . 123 Figure 124 - Parking towards Uttar Marg .......................................................................................................... 123 Figure 125 - Light Pole ........................................................................................................................................ 124 Figure 126 - Roof lights....................................................................................................................................... 124 Figure 127 - Path light ........................................................................................................................................ 124 Figure 128 - Building entry towards Parking and Uttar Marg in the dark with Street Lamp, Ceiling light and Path lights, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/ ............................................................................................. 124 Figure 129 - Drains in front of stepped entry to the building ............................................................................. 125 Figure 130 - Air conditioner in roof..................................................................................................................... 125 Figure 131 - Birds sound machine ...................................................................................................................... 126 Figure 132 - Birds sound machine ...................................................................................................................... 126 Figure 133 - Model of a snake ............................................................................................................................ 127 Figure 134 - Model of a snake ............................................................................................................................ 127 Figure 135 - Model of Deer ................................................................................................................................. 127 Figure 136 - Model of a Baby Puma ................................................................................................................... 127 Figure 137 - Model of a Water Life habitat ........................................................................................................ 127 Figure 138 - Exposed beams in Exhibition Room 1 ............................................................................................. 128 Figure 139 - Peepal tree or Ficus religiosa .......................................................................................................... 129 Figure 140 - Gulachin or Plumeria ...................................................................................................................... 130 Figure 141 - Buxus spp........................................................................................................................................ 130 Figure 142 - Tibouchina mutabilis ...................................................................................................................... 131 Figure 143 - 100mm wide sandstone chips ........................................................................................................ 131 Figure 144 - 150mm high footpath .................................................................................................................... 131 Figure 145 - Concrete pathway with stones ....................................................................................................... 131 Figure 146 - 600mm wide concrete pathway ..................................................................................................... 131 Figure 147 - Curved green roof for passive cooling and organic design of the building ..................................... 132 Figure 148 - Dormer windows & skylights .......................................................................................................... 132 Figure 149 – Google Maps rating ....................................................................................................................... 134 Figure 150 – 5 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 134 Figure 151 - 4 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 134 Figure 152 - 5 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 134 Figure 153 - 3 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 134 Figure 154 - 5 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 134

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Figure 155 - Location map: Andretta Artists' Village, Source: https://maps.google.com/ ................................ 136 Figure 156 - Panchrukhi, Railway Station ........................................................................................................... 137 Figure 157 - Tea Garden ..................................................................................................................................... 137 Figure 158 - Portrait of Norah Richard, Source: http://123himachal.com/ ....................................................... 138 Figure 159 - ‘Chameli Niwas’, Norah Richard’s Home ........................................................................................ 138 Figure 160 - Post card, Sobha Singh Painting – Heer Ranjha ............................................................................. 139 Figure 161 - Pottery ............................................................................................................................................ 140 Figure 162 - Mansimran Singh at work, Source: http://blogspot.com ............................................................... 140 Figure 163 - The Mirage, Source: https://lh5.googleusercontent.com .............................................................. 141 Figure 164 - Mud walls, columns and staircase.................................................................................................. 144 Figure 165 - Timber Beams | Sloped slate roof .................................................................................................. 144 Figure 166 - Theatre seating, grass filled with stone masonry structure ........................................................... 144 Figure 167 - Theatre backstage - Mud columns | Timber beam | Sloped metal roof ........................................ 145 Figure 168 - Main Entry & Souvenir Shop – Brick walls | Timber beam | Sloped metal roof ............................. 145 Figure 169 - Gazebo – Metal Pipes Structure | Sloped slate roof ....................................................................... 145 Figure 170 - Pottery Work Space – Brick walls and columns | Asbestos sheet roof ........................................... 146 Figure 171 - Terracotta Museum ........................................................................................................................ 146 Figure 172 - Wall paintings ................................................................................................................................ 146 Figure 173 - Timber ceiling, beams, furniture..................................................................................................... 147 Figure 174 - Timber beams | Tiles ...................................................................................................................... 147 Figure 175 - Timber ceiling, beams, furniture..................................................................................................... 147 Figure 176 - The Main House.............................................................................................................................. 147 Figure 177 - Numerous wall paintings ................................................................................................................ 147 Figure 178 - White furniture ............................................................................................................................... 147 Figure 179 - White brick walls | Slate roof ......................................................................................................... 147 Figure 180 - White theme walls and doors ......................................................................................................... 147 Figure 181 - Exposed mud walls and columns .................................................................................................... 148 Figure 182 - Exposed mud walls and columns .................................................................................................... 148 Figure 183 - Wooden flooring | Checker tiles ..................................................................................................... 148 Figure 184 - Hexagonal plan | Sloped metal roof .............................................................................................. 148 Figure 185 - Gardens and rich vegetation .......................................................................................................... 148 Figure 186 - Swimming Pool ............................................................................................................................... 148 Figure 187 - Floor Plan, Source: https://issuu.com/siroliya/ .............................................................................. 149 Figure 188 - Section, Source: https://issuu.com/siroliya/................................................................................... 150 Figure 189 - Site Plan, Source: https://issuu.com/siroliya/ ................................................................................ 150 Figure 190 - The main street of Andretta in red, Source: https://maps.google.com/ ........................................ 151 Figure 191 - Junction point of SH17 and main street of the village .................................................................... 152 Figure 192 - Parking in front of Norah Richard’s House ..................................................................................... 152 Figure 193 - Bamboo beams ............................................................................................................................... 153 Figure 194 - Exposed brick wall with carvings .................................................................................................... 153 Figure 195 - Sloped slate roofs ........................................................................................................................... 154 Figure 196 - Large windows in Sobha Singh Art Gallery ..................................................................................... 154 Figure 197 - Location map: Chandigarh Botanical Garden, Source: https://maps.google.com/ ....................... 157 Figure 198 - Surrounding: Sarangpur Village entry road .................................................................................... 158 Figure 199 - Site Plan, Source: Board on site ...................................................................................................... 160 Figure 200 - Office cum Interpretation Centre ................................................................................................... 161 Figure 201 - Cafeteria ......................................................................................................................................... 161 Figure 202 - Observation hut, Source: https://maps.google.com/ ..................................................................... 161 Figure 203 - Surrounding: Chandigarh to Kurali road (V1 Road) ........................................................................ 162 Figure 204 - Main Entry on Chandigarh to Kurali road (V1 Road) ...................................................................... 162 Figure 205 - Covered Parking towards Chandigarh to Kurali road (V1 Road) .................................................... 163 Figure 206 – Solar cell based light ...................................................................................................................... 163 Figure 207 - Path light ........................................................................................................................................ 163

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Figure 208 - Tejpatta Tree with name ................................................................................................................ 165 Figure 209 - Khair tree with name plate ............................................................................................................. 165 Figure 210 - Paved walkway ............................................................................................................................... 166 Figure 211 - Signages, Source: https://maps.google.com/ ................................................................................ 166 Figure 212 - Google Maps Rating ....................................................................................................................... 168 Figure 213 - 5 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 168 Figure 214 - 5 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 168 Figure 215 - 5 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 168 Figure 216 - 5 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 168 Figure 217 - 5 Star rating comment ................................................................................................................... 168 Figure 218 - Typical Himachali Villages .............................................................................................................. 180 Figure 219 - Axial Planning ................................................................................................................................. 181

List of tables Table 1 - Proposed format of documentation at various stages of work ............................................................. 31 Table 2 - Details of the land as on 18 Oct 2020 .................................................................................................... 35 Table 3 - The permissible area standard/norms for different parts of a building ................................................ 43 Table 4 - Proposed Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 52 Table 5 - Relationship between parking layout and area ..................................................................................... 58 Table 6 - Dimensions of vehicles ........................................................................................................................... 59 Table 7 - Provision of toilets as per Indian Standard Code ................................................................................... 63 Table 8 - Provision of toilets as per National Building Code ................................................................................. 64 Table 9 - Provision of toilets for Guestrooms as per National Building Code ....................................................... 64 Table 10 - Provision of toilets for restaurant as per National Building Code........................................................ 65 Table 11 - Space Requirement for Air Conditioning Equipment ........................................................................... 69 Table 12 - Major Plant materials for various types of Buildings/Campuses ......................................................... 79 Table 13 - Climate Table of Dharamshala ............................................................................................................ 80 Table 14 - GRIHA Rating Thresholds ..................................................................................................................... 84 Table 15 - List of Infrastructures ........................................................................................................................... 95 Table 16 - List of Infrastructures ......................................................................................................................... 118 Table 17 - List of Infrastructures ......................................................................................................................... 142 Table 18 - List of Infrastructures ......................................................................................................................... 160 Table 19 - Interpretation Centre ......................................................................................................................... 170 Table 20 - Kalagram ........................................................................................................................................... 171 Table 21 - Theme park ........................................................................................................................................ 173

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SYNOPSIS

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2.1 INTRODUCTION Charan Khad Project is summation of recreational tourism and creation of green and blue corridors across the city by Dharmshala Smart City Limited in the Charan Khad area of Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh.

1. Tourist Interpretation Centre with Kalagram

40460 sq.m of city level activity based green space(s)

1

2

3

3. Botanical Park

2. Theme ParkMini Himachal

Madurodam, The Netherlands

Figure 1 – Overview of Project, Page 106 Dharamshala Smart City Proposal (SCP)

The proposed interventions develop Charan Khad into a large recreational space of the city. The 10 acres area includes a Theme Park, Tourist Interpretation Centre which include plethora of activities such as craft bazaar, leisure spaces and activities. The Botanical garden provides scenic views, flora and fauna and green spaces along the Khad side.

2.1.1 PROJECT DETAILS: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Title – Client – Typology – Location – Site Area – Site Entry – Budget –

Charan Khad Project Dharamshala Smart City Limited Mixed Use Charan Khad, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 4.04 Hectare (10 Acres) Proposed entry from SH17 on North Direction Theme Park (Mini Himachal) INR 45.21 Crores Tourist Interpretation Centre & Kalagram INR 19.03 Crores Botanical Park INR 41.53 Crores Total INR 105.77 Crores Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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2.2 VALIDITY This project is proposed under Area Based Development (ABD) S.No. 4, 5 & 20 in “List of Projects as per Smart City Proposal: Dharamshala”.

List of Projects as per Smart City Proposal: Dharamshala

Figure 2 - List of Projects as per Smart City Proposal: Dharamshala

The was proposed in 2016 and is legitimate. It was expected to be completed by 2020. Due to existing encroachment on the site by slum, the development of the site did not start on time, eviction of slums was done after interventions from High Court of Himachal Pradesh.

High Court order directed the local government to clear all “illegal settlements that posed a public health hazard.” Charan Khad fell into this category, especially given the fact that it was located upstream of one of the city’s main water sources, and that the community here practiced open defecation.

The slum evicted from the site had migrants from Maharashtra and Rajasthan, most of which are now moved to banks of Manjhi Khad Chetru, 10km from the Charan Khad site.

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2.3 SCOPE OF WORK 2.3.1 Elements proposed in the project: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Tourist Interpretation Centre Craft Bazaar | Artisan Village | Kalagram Theme Park (Mini Himachal) Botanical Park | Garden

2.3.2 Tourist Interpretation Centre An interpretation centre, interpretive centre, or visitor interpretive centre is an institution for dissemination of knowledge of natural or cultural heritage.

Interpretation centres are a kind of new-style museum, often associated with visitor centres or eco museums, and located in connection to cultural, historic or natural sites.

An interpretation centre can be a viable solution for effective communication of heritage information in municipalities and rural areas where resources may not exist to establish a traditional, full-scale museum, and where heritage can be an important factor for tourism development.

Unlike traditional museums, interpretation centres do not usually aim to collect, conserve and study objects; they are specialized institutions for communicating the significance and meaning of heritage.

The Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre is a research and exhibition facility located at km 1423 on the Alaska Highway in Whitehorse, Yukon, which opened in 1997. The focus of the interpretive centre is the story of Beringia, the 3200 km landmass stretching from the Kolyma River in Siberia to the MacKenzie River in Canada, which remained nonglaciated during the Pleistocene due to light snowfall from an arid Figure 3 - Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre climate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon_Beringia_Inte rpretive_Centre

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2.3.3 Craft Bazaar | Artisan Village | Kalagram Craft is skill in making things especially with the hands. It is an occupation or trade requiring skill with the hands or as an artist Carpentry is a craft.

Craft Bazaar or Craft exhibition is a market place for craft sale and exhibition which brings craftsmen of different skills together for show of their skills to people especially tourists.

Artisan Village or Kalagram has been a tradition of artist groups and societies, they are often brought together through political, aesthetic and/or cultural affiliations. Artists have historically formed collectives to provide a critical alternative to the dominant systems of art, including museums and the art market. They are often motivated by desire of social and political change, which includes the creation of broader possibilities for artistic production.

A popular hangout place for locals and tourist place, Dilli Haat is situated in South Delhi, opposite INA market. The word Haat refers to a weekly market in India, especially in rural or semi-urban places. With the ambience of a traditional village market, Dilli Haat presents a fascinating world of craft, cuisine and cultural activities.

Figure 4 - Craft Bazaar - Dilli Haat, INA

Figure 5 - Craft Bazaar - Dilli Haat, INA

Figure 6 - Craft Bazaar - Dilli Haat, INA

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2.3.4 Theme Park (Mini Himachal) Theme parks are socio-cultural amusement spaces that entwine spatial temporal worlds within symbolic landscapes. These artificial worlds whether their source is real or imaginary are actualized with the extended tools of visual and auditory multimedia presentations. Beginning from world fairs to amusement parks, the contemporary amusement space shifted its paradigm to theme parks. The concept of theme park, as a popular amusement form that has been dismissed as part of the mass culture or popular culture, opens up a variety of discussions about the relationship of architecture to culture, identity, consumption, exhibition, recreation, and fiction. In the project, theme is specified as “Mini Himachal”.

Madurodam is a miniature theme park in the Scheveningen district of The Hague in the Netherlands. It consists 1:25 scale model replicas of famous Dutch landmarks, historical cities and large developments. The park was opened in 1952 and has since been visited by tens of millions of visitors.

Figure 7 - Madurodam, Scheveningen, Netherlands https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurodam

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2.3.5 Botanical Park | Garden A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation, preservation and display of a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names.

It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shade houses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants.

Visitor services at a botanical garden might include tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment.

The south side of the proposed site is full with heavy tree plantation, which are important for development of Botanical park in the project.

Chandigarh, the ‘City Beautiful’ situated in the foothills of Shivalik is blessed with a climate that is suitable to accommodate number of species of flora of different climatic regions. It is worthwhile setting up a Botanical Garden here with a purpose to conserve the flora of the region as well as those exotic and near extinct species. With this background, Chandigarh Administration has established a Botanical Garden near village Sarangpur. This garden spreads over 176 acres of land.

Figure 8 - Botanical Garden Chandigarh http://chandigarh.gov.in/green_botanical.htm

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2.4 LIMITATIONS 2.4.1 Major limitations of the project: ▪ Site topography ▪ Seismic zone ▪ Buildings in close proximity

2.4.2 Site topography The site is having a hilly topography (10m+ level difference).

It adds methodology for high contour site design.

2.4.3 Seismic zone The site is in Seismic Zone V: High Damage Risk Zone (MSK IX or more).

It adds significant literature study for designing in high risk seismic zone.

Figure 9 – Earthquake Hazard Map by Himachal Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority http://hp.gov.in/hpsdma/

2.4.4 Buildings in close proximity The site is occupied by pre-existing building nearby especially on north and west, side such as Temple, Residences and Crematorium. Special design considerations must be taken for these buildings.

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2.5 PROPOSED SITE Total land offered by Municipal Corporation Dharamshala = 73 Kanal 8 Marla + 47.5 Kanal = 120.9 Kanal or 6.1158111 Hectare

Figure 10 - Page 141, Dharamshala Smart City Proposal (SCP)

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Figure 11 - Page 142, Dharamshala Smart City Proposal (SCP)

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--- Dhauladhar mountain range ----

--- Dhauladhar mountain range ---

SURVEY PLAN Figure 12 - Survey Plan, DSCL Files

The levels on site ranges from 1170m ASL to 1190m ASL. Contour lines in the plan have precision of 0.5m of elevation.

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2.6 STUDY METHODS 2.6.1 The method of studies to be followed: ▪ Literature study ▪ Prototype studies ▪ Secondary research

2.6.2 Literature study Library and internet study related to the project, majorly including the indepth study of space norms & local building bye laws.

Some of the proposed basic sources for study: ➢ Himachal Pradesh Town and country planning rules, 2014 (updated till 2016) [Latest] ➢ Other applicable local building bye laws ➢ National Building Code, 2016 [Latest] ➢ Government of India, Ministry of Tourism general guidelines ➢ MOT, Swadesh Darshan scheme guidelines ➢ International standards of design and architectural books: o Architects' Data by Ernst Neufert o Form, space, and order by Francis D. K. Ching o Time-Saver Standards for Building Types o Time-Saver Standards for Urban Design ➢ Books, journals, research papers and documentaries on: o Tourism architecture o Hill architecture o Seismic architecture o Kath kuni architecture o Himalayas | Dhauladhar ranges o Culture of Himachal Pradesh o History of Himachal Pradesh o History of Dharamshala o River front development o Botanical gardens Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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2.6.3 Prototype studies Study of 2 (two) comparable scale prototypes (existing buildings), for each element proposed in the project: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Tourist Interpretation Centre Craft Bazaar | Artisan Village | Kalagram Theme Park (Mini Himachal) Botanical Park | Garden

Study of total 8 (Eight) prototypes, in comparison with the scope of works in the project.

Connecting all elements in the project with one another and coming up with a combined thought for design. Understanding the relationship between all the elements, and study the possible dependency of one over another.

2.6.4 Secondary research A huge amount of documented as well as undocumented secondary research related to each aspect of the project for improving the scenario for programme formulation and designing at each stage.

Some of the basic sources and methods of secondary research: ▪ Basic internet surfing for research related to project.

▪ Considering various stakeholders at different stages of research: o Conversing with locals, for their suggestions and understanding the impact of the project. o Consulting experience holder professionals: ▪ Dharamshala Smart City Limited [Client] ▪ Structure Engineers ▪ Architects | Teachers | Guides o Consulting for formal and informal suggestions: ▪ Artists | Culturalists | Software specialists ▪ Friends ▪ Seniors ▪ Juniors ▪ Masons

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2.7 PROTOTYPE STUDIES Study of 2 (two) prototypes for each element proposed in the project: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Tourist Interpretation Centre Craft Bazaar | Artisan Village | Kalagram Theme Park (Mini Himachal) Botanical Park | Garden

2.7.1 List of prototype studies for the project: Tourist Interpretation Centre 1. Nature Interpretation Centre, Sukhna Lake, Chandigarh 2. Le Corbusier Centre, Sector 19, Chandigarh

Craft Bazaar | Artisan Village | Kalagram 1. Andretta Artists' Village, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 2. Dilli Haat, INA, Delhi

Theme Park (Mini Himachal) 1. Waste to Wonder, Delhi 2. Japanese Garden, Sector 31, Chandigarh

Botanical Park | Garden 1. Chandigarh Botanic Garden, Chandigarh 2. P.N. Mehra Botanical Garden, Sector 14, Chandigarh

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2.8 DOCUMENTATION Documentation is important aspect for every project, it hugely impacts the study. A good documentation makes a project more understandable to various stake holders, such as clients.

The proposed process of documentation will include, use of following software and services for completion of the project: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Gmail [Registered] Google Drive [Registered] Microsoft Office 2019 [Registered] Autodesk Revit 2021 [Student Version] Autodesk AutoCAD 2018 [Student Version] Adobe Photoshop CC 2018 [Trial] Lumion 10.3.2 [Trial] Colour / Black & White Printouts Modelling

Table 1 - Proposed format of documentation at various stages of work

S.No. Stage of work 1. Rough Report: Synopsis, Preliminary Library Study, Site Analysis, Prototypes, Additional Library Studies, Programme Formulation 2. Evolution of Design: Design Criteria and Concept, Design Proposal Stage-1, Design Proposal Stage-2, Pre-Final Design 3. Final Report 4. Final Drawings 5. Final Model

Form Printed

Format A4 Sheets (PORTRAIT)

Printed, Block model, Digitally for discussions

A4, A3, A2, or A1 Sheets.

POP based & Polystyrene block model A4 Sheets (PORTRAIT) A0 Sheets A1 Size, POP based, Sun board sourced

Printed Printed Presentation Model

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2.9 AIM & OBJECTIVES 2.9.1 Current situation, before the project: ▪ Dharamshala observes 15 lakhs annual visitation, 2.25 lakhs (15% are international tourists).

▪ Current average duration of stay is 1.5 days.

▪ Lack of organized green spaces like parks.

▪ Unplanned and unmaintained site, with heavy plantation.

▪ No linking and integration of water bodies and open spaces.

▪ A site at prime location with no identity to any national or international tourist.

2.9.2 Aim of the project: To plan & design recreational & tourism place at Charan Khad area of Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh for Dharamshala Smart City Ltd. under the proposed budget of Rs. 105.77 crores.

2.9.3 Objectives of the project: ▪ Increasing share of global tourists to 25%.

▪ Increasing average duration of Tourist stay from 1.5 days to 2.5 days (with other projects such as McLeod Ganj Redevelopment).

▪ Development of organized green spaces such as botanical park.

▪ Channelization of Khad to improve storm water drainage and development of inter-connected green areas.

▪ Maintenance of hygiene in and around the site, due to its importance in the tourism sector of Dharamshala.

▪ Place making: o Development of all elements of the project for integration in Swadesh darshan scheme by Ministry of Tourism, GOI. o Development of a landmark, and urban node.

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LITERATURE STUDY

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3.1 SITE ANALYSIS 3.1.1 LOCATION: • •

•

•

Located at Charan Khad, Dharamshala.

Urban area of winter capital of the Himachal Pradesh, India.

Accessible from State Highway 17 from north direction.

Well-connected and prime location, in close proximity to the Mayor’s office. Hence, suitable for recreational and tourism usage.

Figure 13 - Location of Site

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3.1.2 SIZE: The site is having total area of 6.11 Hectare land offered by Dharamshala Municipal Corporation to Dharamshala Smart City Limited.

As per Dharamshala Smart City Limited, out of total offered land in Charan khad location only 4.04 Hectare land is reserved for the project.

The site is sum total of 12 plots.

Table 2 - Details of the land as on 18 Oct 2020:

S.No. Village/Place 1.

Muhal Civil Station, 2.

Dharamshala 3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Jhikli Barol, Dharamshala 10.

11.

12.

Khasra Number Area Owner 3813/3284 47.5 Government 3846/3629/3286 Kanal of Himachal Pradesh 3847/3629/3286 3814/3284 3287 3288 3289 3290 67 73 Kanal 68 8 69 Marla 71

Occupant GOHP GOHP & ACCBI Police Department District Magistrate

Police Department

• The size of Botanic Gardens should not less than 2 acres, but preferably 5 acres as per Guidelines for assistance to botanic gardens, Government of India Ministry of environment and forests.

• There are no norms, standards or guidelines governing minimum required size for Kalagram, Tourist interpretation centre, Waterfront and Theme park.

Inference: • Minimum 5 acres area in the site would be reserved for Botanical park development.

• Even though no norms are stated for the other elements on the site, but the site is clearly sufficient for acquiring all the elements proposed in the project, because all the elements proposed are free sized.

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3.1.3 SURROUNDING & SPECIAL FEATURES:

Sabzi Mandi

Charan Bridge (SH17)

Proposed entrance of site

Figure 14 - Site Surrounding, Sabzi Mandi of Civil Station & Charan Bridge

• Sabzi Mandi of Civil Station is located in the north direction.

• Charan bridge is also located near the site in the north direction.

Figure 15 - Site Surrounding, Dhauladhar Ranges

• View of Dhauladhar ranges is there towards the north direction. Any development in the site would be done maintaining and understanding the grandeur of these ice topped mountain ranges.

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Upper Dharamshala Charan Bridge (SH17)

Charan khad water body

Figure 16 - Site Surrounding, Charan Bridge

• Charan khad water body is located in the south and east direction. The water body flows from north to south. It makes site very suitable for proposed usage and development of waterfront on south and east sides.

Sabzi Mandi

Shops and vendors

Figure 17 - Site Surrounding, Shops & stalls

• Shops and stalls are located at the sloped SH17 in the west direction.

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3.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY: • Mountain Topography.

• Entrance of the site is at 1174m AMSL.

Figure 18 - Topography Map of Site

Level 0.00m in drawing = 1154.00m AMSL

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Figure 19 - Section X-X'

• Mild contours in north east portion of the site, suitable for Theme park and Interpretation centre with Kalagram.

Figure 20 - Section Y-Y'

• Dense contours in south portion of the site.

• Large trees are planted in this portion of the site, suitable for the Botanical park development.

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3.2 LEGISLATION 3.2.1 APPLICABLE SPACE NORMS & LOCAL BUILDING BYE LAWS: ➢ Himachal Pradesh Town and country planning rules, 2014 (updated till 2016) [Latest] ➢ National Building Code, 2016 [Latest] ➢ Government of India, Ministry of Tourism general guidelines ➢ MOT, Swadesh Darshan scheme guidelines ➢ International standards of design and architectural books: o Architects' Data by Ernst Neufert o Form, space, and order by Francis D. K. Ching o Time-Saver Standards for Building Types o Time-Saver Standards for Urban Design

3.2.2 ZONING REGULATIONS:

Figure 21 - Land use plan of surrounding the site

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Applicable General Regulations as per Department of Town & country Planning (Dharamshala), Govt. of Himachal Pradesh: • Mixed land use is contemplated in the Development Plan, however a particular land use which is hazardous, contiguous in nature to predominant normal land use such as residential, commercial, cottage and house hold industries and tourism industry shall attract permission for change of land use from the Competent Authority.

Inference: Proposed site is already owned by GOHP itself, with all permissions granted by competent Authorities.

• No yard or plot existing at the time of coming into force of these Regulations shall be reduced in dimension or area below the minimum requirement set forth herein. The yards or plots created after the effective date of these requirements shall meet at least the minimum requirements established by these regulations. All the plots registered prior to coming into force of these Regulations shall be treated as plots irrespective of their size subject to the condition that 3.00 m wide path abutting one side of the plot will be the basic requirement. If 3.00 m wide path is not available at site and if it is less in width then the owner shall surrender the remaining land from his plot to make the path as 3.00 m wide. Inference: Site is connected with SH17, sufficient dimension of the road for the project of this scale.

• Area zoned for Public and Semi-Public Use and Parks and Open Spaces shall not be built upon in any way or use etc. for any purpose other than parks, play grounds and recreations. These may, however, with the prior permission of the competent authority be permitted temporarily for a period not exceeding 30 days to be used for public entertainment purposes and shall be removed at the end of the period and shall in no case be permanently erected. Inference: Proposed site is already owned by GOHP itself, with all permissions granted by competent Authorities.

• In the public interest and in the interest of town design or any other material consideration the Competent Authority may relax minimum size of plot, setbacks and floor area ratio (FAR). The decision of the Competent Authority shall be final. The change of Land use shall be allowed by the State Government only.

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• Natural Nallahs which passes through land involving division shall be developed and maintained according to discharge of water. Inference: 2 water channels and Charan khad would be treated as per this clause.

• Excavation: Normally the cutting of the natural profile shall not exceed more than 3.50 metre. However, in extraordinary cases where hill cut or excavation is more than 3.50 metre site development plan/Cross section showing retaining/breast wall etc. would be prepared by the Structural Engineer.

• Boundary Wall: No wall fence and hedge along any yard or plot shall exceed 1.50 m in height.

• On a corner plot bounded by a vehicular road in any land use zone, nothing shall be erected, placed, planted or allowed to grow in such a manner so as to materially impede the vision to avoid accidents and for smooth running of vehicular traffic. Inference: Entrance of the site would be created in accordance with this clause.

• Drainage shall be regulated strictly according to natural profile of land with a view to prevent landslides, soil erosion and to maintain sanitation. Inference: Natural drainage i.e. towards south directions would be used in the project.

• Maximum acceptable slope for development shall be 45 degrees.

• Maximum height of plinth level shall be 2.00 m provided that no slab will be in between.

• Roof: Sloping roof shall be mandatory in hill areas (As per the URDPFI Guidelines, 2014 and National Building Code, 2005 hilly areas is any area above 600 m in height from mean sea level, or any area with average slope of 30°) which may be CGI, GI sheet or slate roof with facia. o The roof shall be painted with post office red or forest green or natural roofing material such as slates. Height of sloping roof zero at eaves and maximum 2.75 metre at centre shall be permissible. The Dormer at suitable distance on either side of the roof shall be permissible subject to the condition that the ridge of Dormer shall be below the ridge line of main roof. o Roof top @ 12 sqm per 1 Kilo Watt peak (KWp) shall be used for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) installations. o The constructions conforming to the traditional hill architecture with conical roof shall be encouraged. Sloping roof shall be mandatory with 2/3rd coverage of roof area.

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Table 3 - The permissible area standard/norms for different parts of a building

S.No. 1.

Habitable room 2.

Kitchen

3.

Bath room

4.

W.C.

5.

Toilet

6.

Minimum width of Corridor Minimum with of Staircase Minimum width of treads without nosing Maximum height of riser Provision of Spiral staircase

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Openings

12.

Projections over doors, windows and ventilators.

Minimum floor area Minimum width Minimum floor area Minimum width Minimum floor area Minimum width Minimum floor area Minimum width Minimum floor area Minimum width For other than residential buildings For other than residential buildings For other than residential buildings

9.50 square metre 2.40 metre 4.50 square metre 1.80 metre 1.80 square metre 1.20 metre 1.10 square metre 0.90 metre 2.30 square metre 1.20 metre 1.20 metre wide

For other than residential buildings For other uses expect residential

15 centimetres

1.50 metre wide 30-centimetre-wide for internal staircase

Provision of spiral stair case not less than 1.50 metre diameter with adequate head height for fire escape in addition to regular stair case For sufficient air and light, windows and ventilators should have minimum area equivalent to 1/6th of Floor area.

0.60 m

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• The provision for Rain water harvesting tank shall be proposed in the plan @20 Litre per sqm of the roof top area.

• Every room used or intended to be used for the purpose of an office or for habitation in any building shall have a height of minimum 2.75 metre and maximum 3.50 metre measured from the surface of floor to lowest point of the ceiling (bottom of slab). The chimneys, elevators, poles, tanks and other projections not used for human occupancy may extend above the prescribed height limits. The cornices and window sills may also project into any required setbacks.

• Roof slab / chhaja projection over door and window openings shall be limited upto 0.45m over set backs on all sides.

• In case of Educational, Health, Tourism Institutions and Industries, the building norms of respective competent authorities under their respective laws shall be applicable.

• Balcony Projections- 1.20-metre-wide balcony complete open at two sides with restriction of 50% of building frontage where minimum front set back is 3.00 metre shall be permissible.

• Provisions for parking shall be made at the rate of one ECS per 50 sqm. of built up area in all non-residential buildings, on plots having access to a motor road. Any additional built up area of 20 Sqm. over and above a multiple of 50 Sqm. built up area shall require an additional ECS. • No construction shall be allowed within a radius of 5.00m from the Forest/Green belt boundary and within a radius of 2.00m from an existing tree. The distance shall be measured from the circumference of the tree. Inference: Existing trees on the site are majorly in south direction, a suitable place for non-building elements of the project i.e.

Botanical park.

• No construction shall be permissible above vision line i.e. 1.50m towards the valley sides of National Highways and State Highways and other major roads to the status of National Highways or State Highways.

• Basement: The habitable basement and attic shall be counted as independent storey.

• Construction of cellar shall not be counted as a storey and should be constructed within the prescribed setbacks and prescribed building lines and subject to maximum coverage on floor i.e. entrance floor and

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may be put for following uses: ‐ o Storage of household or other goods of ordinarily combustible material; Minimum width of path/road abutting one side of plot shall be 5.00 m. o Air conditioning equipment and other machines used for services and utilities of the building; and parking spaces.

• The cellar shall have following requirements: ‐ o All the walls shall be kept dead and below the natural ground level except the portion kept for ventilation purpose. Every cellar shall be, in every part, at least 2.40 m in height from the floor to the underside of the roof slab or ceiling. Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the cellar and any deficiency in ventilation requirements may be met by providing mechanical ventilation in the form of blowers, exhaust fans and air conditioning system etc. o The minimum height of the ceiling of any cellar shall be 0.90 m and the maximum 1.20 m above the average surrounding ground level. o Adequate arrangements shall be made such that surface drainage does not enter the cellar. o The walls and floors of the cellar shall be watertight and be so designed that the effects of the surrounding soil and moisture if any, are taken into account in design and adequate damp proofing treatment is given. o The access to the cellar shall be separate from the main and alternative staircase providing access and exit from higher floor.

Where the staircase is continuous in the case of buildings served by more than one staircase, the same shall be enclosed type, serving as a fire separation from the cellar floor and higher floors.

Open ramps shall be permitted, if they are constructed within the building line subject to maximum permissible height. o In case partition in the cellars is allowed by the Authority, no compartment shall be less than 50.00 sqm in area and each compartment shall have proper ventilation provision and the cellar partition shall however, conform to the norms laid down by the Fire Services.

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• • •

•

• •

•

•

•

o In no circumstances, construction of Toilet, Bath, and Kitchen etc. shall be allowed in the cellar.

Minimum permissible distance between two Blocks constructed on a plot shall be 5.00m.

Every development proposal shall have explicit mention of muck disposal.

All building plans above 15m of height, industrial units and commercial establishments dealing with or using explosive and highly inflammable substances shall require “No Objection Certificate” from the Director of Fire Services or Chief Fire Officer, as the case may be, on the basis of recommendations of Divisional Fire Officer or Station Fire Officer concerned. Inference: Site is in close proximity with civil station fire station, granting NOC for fire is expected to be smooth.

Service floor wherever proposed for installation of plumbing and other services and to maintain the hygiene of habitable area in case of Commercial/ Shopping Complex and Tourism Unit. Service floor, wherever proposed shall have height restriction of 2.10 m and this floor shall not be counted in the FAR. However, the overall height restriction of building will remain the same.

All commercial/ public and semi‐public buildings above 15 metre height shall have the provision of elevator.

In open area of permissible setbacks (other than controlled width) small temple, porch, garage, swimming pools, detached toilet/ store, septic tanks, other services/stairs would be permissible.

Sky view impression on the ground should be such that nothing including projections and appendages such as AC outdoor units/sign boards etc. should project on the streets/roads/other's land.

Water, sludge and sewage should also not trickle on the streets or roads. Septic Tank and provision to lay our sewerage service line or connecting with the existing sewerage lines shall be mandatory.

Parking floor shall not be counted in FAR. However, twin parking floors shall also be excluded from FAR in Public & Semi‐ public and commercial buildings. Maximum height of parking floor shall be 3.00 metre for residential use and 4.00 metre for other uses. Shear walls shall be constructed on all the three sides of parking floor, so that it does not behave as a soft storey. In case, space as per requirement for parking

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is available in open, over and above the setbacks, condition of parking floor shall not be insisted. Fee for parking floor(s) shall have to be payable in all cases.

• The outer facade of the building should be in conformity to the Hill Architecture.

• Construction in terraces shall be allowed to have a provision of storeys as permissible subject to fulfilment of FAR provision.

• 1/3rd area of the top floor shall be permissible as open terrace.

3.2.3 GROUND COVERAGE: As per DTCP Dharamshala Development-2035, Maximum ground coverage for all public and semi-public buildings = 40% ➢ Up to 50% of open area shall be utilized for open parking and rest shall be landscaped.

3.2.4 SETBACKS: As per DTCP Dharamshala zoning and sub-divisional regulations, i. ii. iii.

Block to Block distance shall be 2/3rd of average height of the Blocks.

Distance of structures from the adjoining properties and side Set Backs shall not be less than 1/3rd of the height of the Blocks.

Minimum 3.00m distance from internal roads shall have to be maintained.

As per DTCP Dharamshala website, for tourism unit: • • • •

Front setback = 7.50 metre Left setback = 5.00 metre Right setback = 5.00 metre Rear setback = 4.00 metre

In case of irregular plot or in case of site constraints, uniformity of setbacks shall not be insisted. In such case the competent authority would consider the maximum coverage or minimum open area while approving such cases.

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3.2.5 FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR): As per DTCP Dharamshala Development Plan-2035, Maximum FAR for all public and semi-public buildings = 2.00

As per DTCP Dharamshala zoning and sub-divisional regulations, Maximum FAR for tourism unit having site area above 1500 sqm = 1.50, this FAR will include attic and all basement floors above a specified maximum plinth height of 2.00 metre.

The following shall not be included in covered area of FAR calculations: ➢ Machine room for lift on top floor as required for the lift machine installation. ➢ Rockery, lift/lift well, escalator well and well structures, plant nursery, water pool at any level (if uncovered), platform around a tree, water tank, fountain, bench, chabutra with open top and/or unenclosed sided by walls, open ramps, compound wall, gate, slide swing door, fire staircase, fire towers, refuse area, fire control room, overhead water tank or top of building/open shafts, cooling towers. ➢ Mumty over staircase on top floor maximum 3.00 m height. ➢ Watch and ward cabins of total area not more than 4.50 sqm and 6.00 sqm with W/C each at entry and exit, within the property line having plot area not less than 500 sqm and front setback not less than 5.00 m. ➢ Entrance porch, canopies, pergolas, sunshade elements and balconies. ➢ Plinth steps. ➢ Area of all staircase(s), Fire Exit(s). ➢ Service floor having services like HV AC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning), MEP installation, Janitor rooms, AHU Room, Electric room, LT room, CCTV room, laundry, Meter Room with HT/LT panel, DG Room, AC Plant room, CCTV room/Control room, Fire control room or any other similar services shall be considered free from FAR. ➢ Building service shafts like electrical shafts, communication shafts, fire shafts MRP and HVAC shall not be counted in FAR. ➢ Common toilets served by a public corridor shall be free from FAR.

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3.2.6 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE HEIGHT: As per Himachal Pradesh Town and Country planning, 2014 (Updated upto 2016), Maximum permissible height for Tourism Unit = 21 metre

As per DTCP Dharamshala Development Plan-2035, The maximum height of public and semi‐public buildings shall be 18.80 metre (including 2.50 m maximum height of sloping roof and 2.70 m height of compulsory for parking floor).

The building height shall be the vertical distance measured: • In the case of flat roofs from the plinth level to the highest point of the building.

• In case of pitched roofs from the plinth level to the highest point up to the point where the external surface of the outer wall intersects the finished surface of the sloping roof.

• In the case of gables facing the road midpoint between the eaves level and the ridge. Where plinth level is the finished floor level of the floor just above the existing natural ground level.

The following structures shall not be considered in regulating the height of the building: • • • •

Roof tanks and their supports not exceeding 2.00 metre in height.

Mechanical, electrical, HVAC, lift rooms and similar service equipment.

Staircase mumty not exceeding 3.00 metre in height.

Architectural features serving no other function except that of decoration, chimneys, poles, parapet and other projections not used for human habitation, may extend beyond the prescribed height limits, not exceeding 1.50 metre in height, unless the aggregate area of such structures exceeds 1/3rd of the roof area of the building on which these are erected.

• Solar panels installed on the roof.

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3.2.7 OTHER REGULATIONS: Heritage Regulations: In view of historical importance of the town on one hand and need for preservation of its rich cultural heritage on the other, regulatory control specially for heritage buildings/ sites, precincts etc. shall be as per Heritage Report to be prepared and got approved from the Government, separately. In Heritage Area façade of the building/ blocks shall be maintained internal changes shall be permissible in accordance with Building Bye Laws of Local Body for internal space allocation.

Expansion Joints: The structures exceeding 45.00 metre in length shall be divided by one or more expansion joints as per Structural Design calculations.

Structural Stability: The structural stability provisions shall be strictly adhered to, as enshrined in Section 31-A of the Himachal Pradesh Town and Country Planning Act, 1977.

Distance from Natural drainage: Distance from highest flood level (HFL) along rivers, ‘khuds’ and ‘nallahs’ shall be as under: • River = 25.00 metre • Khud = 10.00 metre • Nallah = 05.00 metre Distance from Roads: Minimum distance of structures from National Highways, State Highways, Himachal Pradesh Public Works Department (PWD)’s Scheduled roads, Bye-Passes and other District roads shall be 15.00 metre.

Orientation: The longer axis of the building shall preferably lie along eastwest directions to trap maximum solar energy during winters.

Planning of Spaces: The main habitable spaces of a building may be planned and designed in such a manner, so that natural day light is available. The stair cases, garages, toilets and stores may be planned preferably on northern side. Minimum door and window openings on north side be proposed to avoid heat losses. In order to capture maximum heat in winters, maximum glazing be proposed on southern side. Glazing in proportion to total surface area of outer wall should not exceed more than 50% in mid-altitude regions i.e. 1500 m to 2200 m.

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3.3 SPACE ANALYSIS 3.3.1 INFRASTRUCTURE: As per Ministry of Tourism & Culture, the heritage/natural/tourist sites and monuments shall be provided with basic and advanced amenities as per the tourists’ requirements ensuring world-class facilities.

Basic Amenities: Basic amenities are an important aspect in tourism as they can augment the popularity of the place; and facilitate repeated visits and mouth to mouth publicity as a promotional tool.

Basic amenities at any tourist place are first and foremost right of the tourist as every single visit to the monument gives impetus to the local economy.

Basic amenities are important irrespective of their financial feasibility in project structuring. The indicative list of basic amenities within and surrounding areas are as below: • Public conveniences (Toilet Facilities) • Drinking water facilities/ water kiosk • Ease of Access/ Barrier Free Monuments/ Accessibility for All: differently abled friendly toilets, ramps, wheelchair facility, braille signages, monument models • Cleanliness of site/ Swachh Monument (Cleanliness of the monument, including complete polythene ban) • Illumination (interior & exterior) • Signage (Information and Directional Signages) • Benches • Dustbins • Wi-Fi • App based Multilingual Audio-Guide • Point of Sale Terminal (PoS) machines at the Ticketing Counters to promote cashless transactions

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Advanced Amenities: Advanced amenities shall be planned as per the identified monument’s tourist footfall and financial feasibility of proposed interventions.

The indicative list of Advanced Amenities: • Snack Counter (Ready to Eat Snacks & Drinks).

• Basic souvenir shop promoting local art and craftsmanship.

• Facilitation of night visits to monuments under adaptive use within permissible guidelines of the nodal department (ASI, State Government etc. heritage byelaws).

• Advanced surveillance system (Like PTZ based CCTV cameras) • Tourist Facilitation cum Interpretation Centre (Tourist Multi-Purpose Centre) with facilities like museum, shopping/souvenir shop, cloakroom, toilet, drinking water, money exchange etc.

• Technology based interpretation techniques (Augment Reality, Virtual Reality etc.).

• Digital Interactive Kiosk, Digital (LED) screening.

• Light and Sound Shows.

• Cultural shows.

• Battery-operated vehicles/Golf Carts.

• Advanced tourist flow management system linked with carrying capacity of the monuments.

Table 4 - Proposed Requirements

S.No. Room/space

No.(s)

Administrative block 1. Reception 2. Managers room 3. Staff rooms 4. Meeting room 5. Officer’s guest house 6. Toilets

Area Comment (sqm)

1 2 3 1 2 -

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Interpretation centre 7. Reception 8. Visitors’ Gallery

1 7

9. Audio visual rooms 10. Office 11. Store (Reserved collections) 12. Pantry 13. Toilets Kalagram (Artisan Village) 14. Exhibition stalls 15. Provision for live demonstration of showing the art: a. Pottery b. Weaving and embroidery c. Sculpture & toy making d. Lacquer work/polishing 16. Food shops: a. Traditional Himachal Food b. North Indian Food c. International brands McDonalds, CCD etc. d. Other food shops 17. Corridors, walkways and seating 18. Space for organizations & administration 19. Indoor games a. Pool, Snooker b. Air hockey c. PlayStation d. Others 20. Dormitories 21. Staff quarters 22. Workshops 23. Toilets

Art, Architecture, Culture, Geography, History, Politics, etc.

2 1

1 40 7

10

1 1 1 1

30 30 30 30

2 2 2

20 20 20

6 -

20 -

1

100

1 1 2 4 5 15 5

30 10 30

Space for festivals and other occasions

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Theme Park – Mini Himachal 24. Miniature buildings Scale 1:25 a. Masur rock cut temple b. Church of St. John in the Wilderness c. Kangra fort d. Baijnath temple e. Wildflower Hall, An Oberoi Resort, Shimla f. Tabo Monastery g. Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium h. Spaces for future buildings 25. Sculptures 26. Toy train 27. Ferris Wheel 28. Merry go round 29. Corridors, walkways and seating 30. Ride control rooms Botanical Park 31. Corridors, walkways and seating 32. Common & Botanical names of all plants Common Facilities 33. Ticket counters 34. Cloak room 35. Open air theatre 36. Lecture rooms 37. Conference room 38. Prayer halls 39. Multipurpose halls 40. Store rooms Others 41. Landscape areas 42. Parking 43. Services areas

-

-

1 1

-

1 1 1

-

1 1

-

10 1 1 1 -

-

5 -

-

-

-

2 2 1 4 1 1 1 10 -

-

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3.4 CONNECTIVITY 3.4.1 CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN VARIOUS BLOCKS:

1 2

4

3

Various Blocks 1. Tourist Interpretation centre 2. Kalagram 3. Theme park – Mini Himachal 4. Botanical park Figure 22 - Proposed Connectivity of various blocks

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3.4.2 FLOW CHARTS:

Figure 23 - Small museum/Tourist Interpretation centre flowchart, Source: TSS

Figure 24 - Interpretive building design concept, Source: TSS

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3.5 CAMPUS FORMATION 3.5.1 APPROACH ROAD: The sole approach road to Site is State Highway 17 on North direction.

3.5.2 PARKING: Provisions for parking shall be made at the rate of one ECS per 50 sqm. of built up area in all non-residential buildings, on plots having access to a motor road. Any additional built up area of 20 Sqm. over and above a multiple of 50 Sqm. built up area shall require an additional ECS. Parking spaces are usually outlined by 12-20mm wide yellow or white painted lines.

Parking space arrangement depends upon various angles in which the vehicles are parked. There exist Parking Space Arrangement viz: • 00; parallel to road • 300; angle to access road • 450; angle to access road 3.5.2.1 PARKING SPACE ARRANGEMENT:

Figure 26 - Parking space arrangement

Figure 27 - Parking space arrangement

Figure 25 - Parking space arrangement

Figure 28 - Parking space arrangement

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Figure 29 - Parking space arrangement

Figure 30 - Parking space arrangement

Figure 31 - Parking space arrangement Table 5 - Relationship between parking layout and area

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3.5.3 VEHICULAR/PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT: • For user friendly environment within the campus, the vehicular movement is restricted till parking area and rest of the campus is facilitated with fully pedestrian movement.

• The road as well as the parking space must be provided with optimum turning radius and road with as per the dimensions of the vehicle.

• The type, size and shape of the turning place in a road depends on the road use in that particular area. It also has to be suitable for the needs of the road users and must meet basic requirements.

• One more thing to take under consideration is the provision for fire and refuse collection services. This have to be taken into account in deciding on turning places. Many authorities refuse to service areas with dead end roads or lanes, where refuse collection lorries can turn only by maneuvering backwards and forwards or must reverse quite a long distance.

Table 6 - Dimensions of vehicles

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3.5.3.1 TURNING RADIUS:

Figure 32 - Turning radius of standard car

Figure 33 - Turning radius of standard car

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3.5.4 ROAD SECTIONS:

Figure 34 - Cross section of major approach road

Figure 35 - Cross section of internal road within campus

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3.6 BUILDING SERVICES 3.6.1 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES: Building especially the one where people will gather and attend the functioning of the building must be provided with basic public services to ensure user comfort. The major public health services can be listed as following: • • • • •

Sewerage System Provision of toilets Sanitation Water supply Electrical services.

3.6.1.1 SEWARAGE SYSTEM: DEFINITION: Arrangement provided in a building for collecting or conveying waste water through drain pipes, by gravity, to join either a public sewar or a domestic septic tank.

• Sewage collected from the building is generally disposed by transporting the sewage to the main sewer line through drainage pipes. From the main sewer line, it is then transported to the govt. sewage treatment plant for further treatment and disposal.

• In some large complexes, a dedicated sewage treatment plant is installed in the campus and the sewage collected is then transported to the STP and treated within the campus.

• There shall be zero sewerage discharge into the nallah / choe / river.

• Large campus should have decentralized sewerage treatment plants.

• Tertiary treated water Figure 36 - Sewage System should be used intensively.

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3.6.1.2 PROVISION OF TOILETS: a) AS PER IS CODE: Table 7 - Provision of toilets as per Indian Standard Code

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b) AS PER NBC: Table 8 - Provision of toilets as per National Building Code

Table 9 - Provision of toilets for Guestrooms as per National Building Code

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Table 10 - Provision of toilets for restaurant as per National Building Code

3.6.1.3 SANITATION:

Figure 37 - a. Single Stack System

Figure 37 - b. Partially Ventilated System

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Figure 38 - c. Fully Ventilated System

Figure 39 - d. Two Pipe System

3.6.1.4 WATER SUPPLY:

Figure 40 - a. Different types of water supply system

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Figure 41 - b. Hydro-pneumatic system

Figure 41 - c. Overhead tank distribution

d. Water Requirement During Construction Phase These requirements will be met by private water tankers. e. Water Requirement During Operation Phase These requirements will be met through Dharamshala Municipal Corporation: • Reuse of treated water • Wastewater Treatment Scheme

3.6.1.5 ELECTRICAL SERVICES: The electrical power will be supplied by Dharamshala Municipal Corporation.

In case of power failure, 3 DG sets of total capacity of 3030kVA (3 x 1010) will be provided as power backup for the essential load. The DG sets will be of water cooled.

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3.6.2 AIR CONDITIONING AND AIR COOLING (AS PER NBC): 3.6.2.1 AHU (Air Handling Unit): • The function of AHU is to supply conditioned air from A.C plants can be provided in the basement or on the site and cooling tower on the terrace.

• These units contain centrifugal type fans that pumps air through ducts.

The air is made to pass through filters to remove dust particles and then over the chilled water tube where its heat is transferred.

• This cool dehumidified air is drawback through the suction side and pumped to the rooms through ducts.

• All the AHUs are provided with tap and floor drain to keep their working running smoothly. For that additional diesel generators are provided in the D.G rooms.

• Electrical norms are used to distribute electricity through conduits running vertically and also have a panel for controlling the electricity supply.

• U.P.S rooms for uninterrupted stable power supply to the computers are provided.

3.6.2.2 Intelligent Building System: • The intelligent building system has integrated electric power supply equipment, machines, fire emergency system, security system, environment quality test, parking management to construct a platform for information and resources sharing.

• With the utilization of renewable energy, distributed PV power generation, small wind power generation and energy storage system could be integrated into the system as well.

3.6.2.3 Air Conditioning and Air-Cooling as Per the Norms: • • • •

App. Tonnage 1 ton for 30 cum of air.

Area of plant room 2% sqm + 2.7m for every 100 sqm. Of area.

Head room in AC plant room is 3.6 AC plant room to be isolated from the main building if tonnage exceeds 500 tonnes.

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• AC plant room may not have windows for the purpose of noise insulation i.e. mechanical ventilation only.

• Plant supports machinery on anti-vibratory supports.

• Approx. area 4.5 sqm. For every 100 sqm. Of area.

• Central to the area air conditioned by the AHU. • Provision for entry of fresh air.

• Fresh air inlet to have louvers to make air intake controllable.

• Room to have trapped floor drain.

• To have an acoustically treated door.

3.6.2.4 Space Requirement for Air Conditioning Equipment: Table 11 - Space Requirement for Air Conditioning Equipment

3.6.3 FIRE FIGHTING (AS PER NBC): 3.6.3.1 ENTRANCE: • Main entrance to the premises shall be of adequate width to allow easy access to the fire engine and in no case, it shall measure less than 5 meters.

• Buildings above 2 storeys having an area at more than 1000 m2/floor shall have manually operated electrical fire alarm.

3.6.3.2 DOORWAYS: • No exit doorway shall be less than 100cm in width.

• Doorways shall be not less than 200cm in height.

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3.6.3.3 STAIRWAYS: • Fire escapes stairs shall have straight flight not less than 75cm wide with 25cm treads and risers not more than 19cm. The no. of risers shall be limited to 16 per flight.

• Handrails shall be of a height not less than 90cm.

• Every 30m distance one fire escape staircase is provided.

Figure 42 - Minimum dimensions stairways

Figure 43 - Components of means of egress

3.6.3.4 Corridors: • The minimum width of a corridor in institutional buildings shall be 1.5m.

• Every room with a capacity of over 100 persons in area shall have at least two doorways.

3.6.3.5 Fire Fighting System: • Fire hydrants shall be provided at the horizontal distance of 3000mm or less than 100mm away from the street.

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• Automatic sprinkler system provides in the horizontal pattern of pipe placed under the ceiling having the sprinkler heads shall be constructed that they will open at 135mm to 160mm automatically.

• Minimum space for sprinkles is 5m.

Figure 45 - - Typical arrangement of wet riser

Figure 45 44 - Typical fire safety plumbing system

Figure 46 – Typical firefighting shaft

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3.6.3.6 Other Features: • Structures to be built for 2 hours rating.

• Smoke detectors to be diligently used.

• Refuse areas, fire escape routes, staircases and lifts to be suitably placed with maximum distance of 30m and should be enough in number.

• Signages for exits.

• Adequate space around the building for installation and approach of firefighting help from all sides.

• Doors should be of fire proofing rating in minimum half an hour.

3.6.3.7 Water Supply for Fire Fighting: • Fire requirements usually stipulate 2 independent sources of water at a specified pressure.

• Apart from the main supply, the reserve source may be from a highlevel storage tank, low level pressure vessel or suction tank and up feed pump.

• Water pressure required in tall building lies between 83-552 KN/m2.

Figure 47 - Typical firefighting system

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3.6.4 RAINWATER HARVESTING: There are two main techniques of rain water harvesting, namely: 3.6.4.1 Storage of Rain Water Harvesting Surface:

Figure 48 - Storage of Rain Water Harvesting Surface

3.6.4.2 Recharge to Ground Water:

Figure 49 - Recharge to Ground Water:

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3.7 CONSTRUCTION 3.7.1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: The different types of structure systems are: • • • • • •

Framed structure system Steel structures Hallow tube structures Free spans structures Cantilevered systems Cable systems

3.7.1.1 Frame Structure: A frame is a structure used to resist vertical forces for example gravity loading and lateral forces (for example wind, and earthquakes). Framing in construction known as light frame construction is a building technique based around structural members, usually called studs, which provide a stable frame to which interior and exterior wall coverings are attached.

WALL: Wall framing in construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non- bearing walls.

3.7.2 BUILDING MATERIALS: 3.7.2.1 Local Materials: • The material used for the building construction as well for the exterior treatment should be locally available one, and also it should reflect the region’s character.

• Going for a locally available materials give a way to sustainable development. There are local slate and stones available throughout Dharamshala city.

• For exhibit spaces, it is best to use stable materials in the construction of cases. If unstable material needs to be used because of financial reasons, here are precautions that may be taken to minimize harmful effects.

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Figure 52 - Local Materials such as slate, wood & mud used by Didi Contractor

Figure 50 - Slate stored in Dharamshala

Figure 51 - Stone & slate used in boundary wall

3.7.2.2 Structural steel: • Wide range of elementary steel sections such as I section, channel sections, T sections, angles etc.

• Tabular sections of steel have wide application in space grid structures because of their light weight and the ease with which they can be joined at nodes.

• Good in compression, tension and shear strength can be advantageously used in almost all types of long span structures in one form or another.

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3.7.2.3 Reinforced Cement Concrete: • R.C.C is the most interesting and fertile material in the hands of mankind today.

• It has high compressive strength, exceptionally good weather resistance and relatively low cost of construction.

• Its framework is easy and it can be cast in varying thickness with varying amount of steel reinforcement resulting in wide range of structural form of very different load bearing capacity.

3.7.2.4 Aluminum and Steel Stressed Skin Panels: • These are curved and stiffened structural panels of sheet metals which are used as a cover for structural dome frame.

• They can be made to have various shapes such as spherical, in volute, hyperbolic, paraboloid.

• Many of these other compound shapes considering their local stability, deflection and buckling.

• These panels are connected to the bracing members and they form an integral part of the main load carrying structural system.

• The dual use of these sheet metal panels as skin and framing members produce a strong light weight shell in which a minimum of material gives a maximum if usable space.

3.7.2.5 Ferro Cement: • Ferro cement is an improved form of R.C.C in which reinforcement consists of closely spaced multilayer of steel mesh, complete integrated with cement mortar.

• It is used for sections less than 2.5cm thick.

• It is very thin, strong and elastic material.

• In ferro cement since the reinforcement skeleton is located in the middle of the shell, its lever arm and hence the moment of resistance is less as compared to R.C.C in which bars are located near the extreme fiber.

• Other structural materials: Fiber reinforced concrete, Fiber reinforced plastic Structural aluminum, Aluminum and steel stressed skin panels & Brick masonry

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3.7.2.6 Material for Joinery • • • •

Seal all wood with a water based polyurethane sealant.

Covering the wood with metal foil will work also.

Used industrial shelving is an option for ready-made storage solutions.

Cover the shelving with stable materials appropriate to the collection: i.e., ethafoam, volara.

• Use dust covers for open shelving.

• Unbleached cotton muslin works well for many solutions.

3.7.2.7 Exterior cladding and ceiling: • Exterior finishes for wall and ceiling often include o Plywood o Composite Sheathing o Bricks o Stone Veneers o Various Stucco Finishes • Metal can be used for exterior cladding of museum.

• Timber can be used for building envelop.

• Tiles can be used for roofing.

3.7.2.8 Paint/ Vanishes: • • • •

Colors can be used to create emphasis or a focal point.

Materials need to be hard wearing and easy to clean.

Textures adds another layer of sensation to the visitor’s experience.

The external finish of a surface determines the amount of heat absorbed or reflected by it.

• For example: A smooth and light color surface reflects more light and heat in comparison to a dark color surface.

• Lighter color surfaces have higher emissive and should be ideally used for warm climate.

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3.8 LANDSCAPING • There are numerous native varieties of trees, plants, shrubs • Princess park new Delhi is a lush green area with a large number and variety of trees.

• Trees like mango, rubber, pipal, guava, jamun, bel etc. can be found.

• These trees provide this area a clean environment to live.

• The site has the potential to be used as part of the landscape elements.

• It is very valuable that we protect the existing flora and fauna of the site while also making an effort to enhance it. During the course of mt thesis, I will try to protect the existing landscape of the site as much as possible.

• The Disruptions caused as a result of the construction activity would be offset by planting more trees and enhancing the site vegetation cover.

3.8.1 STUDY PLANT MATERIAL (WINTER/SUMMER/EVERGREEN – TREES, SHRUBS, GROUND COVERS, FLOWERS): • The main landscaping features considered in architecture are plants and shrubs, paving materials, water body, sculptures, rock, lighting fixtures etc.

• Columnar trees can be use on both side of pathways to create a vista.

• Round, vase and oval trees can be use around the sculpture or building.

3.8.2 WATER AS A LANDSCAPE ELEMENT: • Water features are an essential part of landscaping because they create a calming, relaxing, and soothing feeling throughout the landscape.

• Water can be use in form of ponds, fountain, streams etc.

• FOUNTAINS are water features which can design in every way possible.

The general water fountain design is a focal point which shoots out water which lands into a catchments base such as a pond, water garden or stream.

• It is an important element in altering the microclimate of a place.

Proper landscaping reduces direct sun from striking and heating up the building surfaces.

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• It creates different airflow patterns and can be used to direct or divert the wind advantageously by causing a pressure difference.

• The shades created by trees and effect of grass and shrubs reduce air temperature adjoining the building and provide evaporative cooling.

• Mechanical ventilation should be minimized due to economic consideration cross ventilation should be encourages at building level through wide fenestration.

• The soil excavated should be properly used at the site or elsewhere.

• The trees already existing at the site should not be harmed as far as possible.

• Wide variety of flora add up to creating vistas and visual corridors at the site.

3.8.3 STUDY OF PLANTS: Table 12 - Major Plant materials for various types of Buildings/Campuses

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3.9 CLIMATE 3.9.1 CLIMATE OF DHARAMSHALA: Dharamshala has a monsoon-influenced, humid subtropical climate. Summer starts in early April, peaks in early June when temperatures can reach 36 °C (97 °F), and lasts till mid-June. From July to mid-September is the monsoon season, when up to 3,000 mm (120 inches) of rainfall can be experienced, making Dharamshala one of the wettest places in the state. Autumn is mild and lasts from October to the end of November.

Autumn temperatures average around 16–17 °C (61–63 °F). Winter starts in December and continues until late February. Snow and sleet are common during the winter in upper Dharamshala (including McLeodganj, Bhagsu Nag and Naddi). Lower Dharamshala receives little frozen precipitation except hail. The snowfall of 7 January 2012 was heaviest recorded in recent times. It was caused by deep low pressure entering the Kangra district. Winter is followed by a short, pleasant spring until April. Historically, the Dhauladhar Mountains used to remain snow-covered all year long; however, in recent years they have been losing their snow blanket during dry spells.

Dharamshala has an average elevation of 1457 metres (4780 feet), covering an area of almost 8.51 km² Table 13 - Climate Table of Dharamshala

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3.10 ENVIRONMENT 3.10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE: • The main construction materials being utilized in the construction of the proposed project include cement, stone aggregate, Coarse sand/fine sand, Steel, Sand stone, Granite/Marble, Bricks, and Blocks, glass etc.

• These construction materials will be procured from the reputed suppliers/manufacturers and thus it is expected that they are produced with energy efficient processes.

• Most of the quality grade building material production facilities and industries now use energy efficient processes.

• All the items to be used in the proposed project will be as per the National Building Code specification. If the building materials with highembodied energy are locally available, it will be used in construction.

3.10.2 GREEN BUILDING: • • • • •

• • • •

Energy Conservation Measures: Fly ash bricks would be used.

Use of LED lights in circulation area and in toilets.

P.V. Cell system shall be installed for all street and compound lighting.

The external surfaces of all the buildings will have granite stone cladding up to first floor level and aluminum composite panels cladding above to have maintenance free external façade of the building.

All roofs shall be insulated with foam concrete to reduce the heat gain through the roof.

Use of adequate window areas for getting natural light and ventilation Use of electrical fittings, fans, A/C pumps and plants with star rating to save electricity and improve energy efficiency.

To Minimize the Energy Consumption & Power Load, Building Can Be Designed and Constructed According to Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 Which Sets Minimum Energy Standards for Buildings.

3.10.2.1 Energy Saving Practices: • Purchase of energy efficient appliances.

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• Constant monitoring of energy consumption and defining targets for energy conservation.

• Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum energy used for desired comfort levels.

• Use of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and low voltage lighting.

3.10.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY: • Energy efficiency can be achieved in the building by studying and designing the micro and macro climate of the site, applying bioclimatic architectural principles to combat the adverse conditions and taking advantage of the desirable conditions.

• Building, as they are designed and sed today, contribute to serious environmental problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources.

• There is a need to adopt various energy efficient techniques in the building.

• Use renewable energy systems to meet a part of building load.

• Use low energy materials and methods of construction and reduce transportation energy.

• An architect also should aim at efficient structural design, reduction of use of high energy building material (glass, steel, etc.) and transportation energy and use of low every building material.

3.10.3.1 Various Considerations: • Building should be designed and orient according to solar path and wind direction.

• Maximum glazing on north. While recessed windows or shading.

• Provide soft landscape around building and avoid high reflective road.

The external open space grass pavers and plants around the perimeter of the building to reduce glare inside.

• Central, open spaces landscape courtyard that will contribute towards keeping the building cool during the summer months.

• Thick vegetation around the building forms good buffer and help to keep the surrounding shaded and cool the hot winds.

• Light colored surface finish should be used.

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• Use of renewable resources in the form solar panels, solar heaters to minimize load to nonrenewable resources.

• Terrace garden or use of creepers on the roof to have insulate property and minimize the heat gain.

3.10.3.2 Landscaping: • Landscaping is an important element in altering the microclimate of a place. Proper landscaping reduces direct sun from striking and heating up of building surfaces.

• Landscaping creates different airflow patterns and can be used to direct or divert the wind advantageously by causing a pressure difference.

• Additionally, the shade created by trees and the effect of grass and shrubs reduce air temperatures adjoining the building and provide evaporative cooling.

3.10.3.3 Orientation: • The building should be so positioned on the site that takes it advantage of prevailing winds. The prevailing wind direction is from the south/south-east during summer.

• East and west openings need much bigger overhangs, which may not be possible and can be achieved by porticos, or verandas, on these or by specially designed louvers to suit the building requirements.

3.10.3.4 Materials and Construction Techniques: • Choice of building material is very important in reducing the energy content of building.

• Reducing the strain on conventional energy can be achieved by lowenergy building with low-energy materials, efficient structures reducing the quantities of high-energy building materials and transportation energy depending on the climatic needs proper roof treatment is very essential.

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3.10.3.5 Finishes: • The external finish of a surface determines the amount of heat absorbed or reflected by it.

• For example, a smooth and light color surface reflects more light and heat in comparison to dark color surface.

• Lighter color surface has higher emissive and should be ideally used for warm climate.

There is need to adopt various energy efficient techniques in the building use renewable energy system to meet a part of building load use low energy materials and methods of construction and reduce transportation energy.

An architect should also aim at efficient structural design, reduction of use of high energy building material (glass, steel etc.) and transportation energy and use of low energy building materials.

3.10.4 GRIHA RATING SYSTEM: 3.10.4.1 GRIHA Logo:

Figure 53 - GRIHA Logo

3.10.4.2 GRIHA Rating Thresholds: Table 14 - GRIHA Rating Thresholds

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3.10.4.3 GRIHA Rating Criteria: Section

Criterion No. Criterion Name

1. Sustainable Site Planning

2. Construction Management

3. Energy Efficiency

4. Occupant Comfort

5. Water Management

Maximum Points

1

Green Infrastructure

5

2

Low Impact Design

5

3

Design to Mitigate UHIE

2

4

Air and Soil Pollution Control

1

5

Top Soil Preservation

1

6

Construction Management Practices

2

7

Energy Optimization

12

8

Renewable Energy Utilization

5

9

Low ODP and GWP Materials

1

10

Visual Comfort

4

11

Thermal and Acoustic Comfort

2

12

Maintaining Good IAQ

6

13

Water Demand Reduction

3

14

Wastewater Treatment

3

15

Rainwater Management

5

16

Water Quality and SelfSufficiency

5

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6. Solid Waste Management

7. Sustainable Building Materials

8. Life Cycle Costing

9. Socio-Economic Strategies

10. Performance Metering and Monitoring

17

Waste ManagementPost Occupancy

4

18

Organic Waste Treatment On-Site

2

19

Utilization of Alternative Materials in Building

5

20

Reduction in GWP through Life Cycle Assessment

5

21

Alternative Materials for External Site Development

2

22

Life Cycle Cost Analysis

5

23

Safety and Sanitation for Construction Workers

1

24

Universal Accessibility

2

25

Dedicated Facilities for Service Staff

2

26

Positive Social Impact

3

27

Commissioning for Final Rating

7

28

Smart Metering and Monitoring

0

29

Operation and Maintenance Protocol

0

Total Points 11. Innovation

100 30

Innovation

Grand Total Points

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PROTOTYPE STUDIES

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Japanese Garden

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4.1.1 SITE ANALYSIS 4.1.1.1 PROJECT DETAILS: ▪ Title – ▪ Client –

Japanese Garden Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh Ministry of Tourism, Government of India ▪ Typology – Public park ▪ Location – Sector 31, Chandigarh ▪ Site Entries – V4 Road of Sector 31 V5 Road on Sector 31 A & B V5 Road on Sector 31 C & D ▪ Completion – 2015-2017 ▪ Size – 13 Acres

4.1.1.2 LOCATION:

Figure 54 - Location map: Japanese Garden, Source: https://maps.google.com/

• Located at the centre of Sector 31, Chandigarh.

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4.1.1.3 SURROUNDING: The theme park is surrounded by office & residential buildings of Sector 31.

Figure 55 - Surrounding: NCC Headquarters Chandigarh & nearby Buildings Sector 31-D

Figure 56 - Surrounding: A secondary gate & nearby Buildings Sector 31-C

Figure 57 - Surrounding: Nearby Buildings Sector 31-D

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4.1.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY:

Figure 58 - Site photographs before construction, Source: Panel board on site

The site was having a mild uneven topography, but after the completion of the theme park, some mounts are created and very mild slope at some places.

4.1.1.5 HISTORY:

Figure 59 - Site photographs during construction, Source: Panel board on site

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Figure 60 - Site photographs after construction, Source: Panel board on site

The Japanese Garden consists of two phases. The Phase-1 was inaugurated on 7 November 2014 and the Phase-2 of the park was opened to public on 4 June 2016. Both the phases of the park are connected by a tunnel decorated by beautiful Japanese paintings on both sides. The garden is designed using Japanese architecture and each of the elements in the garden is given a unique Japanese touch.

Japanese Garden, Sector:31 A & B: It is situated on up and down area about 6.00 acres land and was developed in 2015-16. Trees, flowering plants, shrubs are planted here.

The Main attraction of the garden is Japanese Pagoda

Japanese Garden, Sector:31 C& D: It is situated on 5.5 acres land and developed in 2016-17. Trees flowering plants, shrubs etc. are planted here with other landscaping works.

The Main attraction of the garden is National Flag (India) having 150’ height and the area around it beautified for public.

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4.1.2 LEGISLATION 4.1.2.1 APPLICABLE SPACE NORMS & LOCAL BUILDING BYE LAWS: ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Chandigarh Building Rules (Urban), 2017 CBR (U) Amendment 14.03.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 24.04.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 09.07.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 18.01.2019 CBR (U) Amendment 12.07.2019 CBR (U) Amendment 20.12.2019 National Building Code, 2016 [Latest] Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031

4.1.2.2 GENERAL REGULATIONS: As per Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031, The Urban Development (UDPFI) norms for open spaces recommend that the overall quantum of town level /city level parks should range between 10 sq. meter to 12 sq. meter per person, which would include parks, play fields, specified parks, amusement parks, maidans, multi-purpose open spaces, botanical garden, geological park and traffic park etc.

4.1.2.3 OTHER REGULATIONS: As per Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031, Regulations such as FAR, Setbacks, Ground coverage, Maximum height of the building is determined by a committee set up by the Chandigarh Administration for the Open spaces of Chandigarh and recommendations of the Committee shall be applicable accordingly.

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4.1.3 DRAWINGS Toilet Gazebo

Entry

Parking

Pagoda Tower Rock Garden

Water body

Underpass between Part 1 and Part 2

Entry

Water body Stone Statue Mounts

Meiso Koya (Meditation Hut)

Figure 61 - Site Plan (Part 1)

Garbage Pit

Lady with Camera

Underpass between Part 1 and Part 2 Toilet

Parking

Entry

Parking

Rock Garden

Mounts

Water body

Entry

Dragon Swing

Figure 62 - Site Plan (Part 1)

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4.1.4 SPACE ANALYSIS 4.1.4.1 INFRASTRUCTURE: Table 15 - List of infrastructures

S.No. Room/space

No. (s)

Area Approx.

Comment

Japanese Garden 3 Display room 4 Guard room 5 Toilet 6 Shops

1 2 2 4

12 sqm 9 sqm 100 sqm 12 sqm

7

Pagoda Tower

1

100 sqm

8 9

1 1

-

1 1

-

1 2 1

-

Japanese rock garden -

1 1

-

-

17 18 19 20

Seating Meiso Koya (Meditation Hut) Gazebo Sculpture of a Japanese couple A Huge Buddha Idol Rock Garden Huge crocodiles and frog sculptures Dragon Swing Sculpture of Lady with cameraman Indian Flag island Water body Stone statue Steps

Showcase boards Circular building Inside the under pass between 2 parts of park Japanese Theme building in the centre of a water body Circular Gazebo dedicated to meditation -

1 3 2 1

-

21

Steps

1

22

Corridor

-

Riser = 100mm Tread = 500mm Riser = 150mm Tread = 300mm 3m wide corridor

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-

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Figure 63 - Display room & guard room integrated in the Entry at Sector 31A

Figure 64 - Toilet building

Figure 65 - Shops and Japanese paintings in Underpass

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Figure 66 - 3m wide path + Japanese elements

Figure 67 – Pagoda Tower

Figure 68 - Japanese theme seating + shrubs and pathway

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Figure 71 - Sculpture of A Lady with Cameraman

Figure 69 - Japanese boundary wall

Figure 70 - Dragon Swing

Figure 72 - Japanese rock garden with miniature buildings

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Figure 73 - Bridge over the water body

Figure 74 - Gazebo and Sculpture of Stone

Figure 75 - Sculpture of Buddha under a Peepal tree

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4.1.5 CAMPUS 4.1.5.1 APPROACH ROADS: The building has 3 approach roads:

Air Force Housing Air Force Housing

Air Force Housing

V5 Road Sector 31 A & B

V5 Road Sector 31 C & D

NCC Building

Figure 76 - Site Plan (Whole)

4.1.5.2 ENTRY TO THE CAMPUS: There are 3 entries to the campus:

Figure 77 - Campus entry 1 towards Parking at Sector 31 A & B

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Figure 78 - Campus entry 2 towards V4 road of Sector 31

Figure 79 - Campus entry 3 towards Parking at Sector 31 C & D

All entries are Japanese themed, notable elements are: • • • • •

Sloped roofs Cornices Arches Bright colours Curved edges of gate

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4.1.5.3 PARKING: There is separate parking for two-wheeler and four-wheelers.

Figure 80 - Parking 1 towards Parking at Sector 31 A & B

Figure 81 - Parking towards V4 road of Sector 31

Figure 82 - Parking 3 towards Parking at Sector 31 C & D

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4.1.5.4 CAMPUS LIGHTING: The surrounding of the building is provided with lights of various types for ease of movement, safety and path finding.

Figure 84 - High mast light

Figure 83 - Japanese style path lights

Figure 85 - Rock garden theme path lights

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4.1.6 CONSTRUCTION 4.1.6.1 STRUCTURE SYSTEM:

Figure 87 - Exposed timber beams

Figure 86 - Brick structure with sandstone

4.1.6.2 BUILDING MATERIALS: Building materials used in the building are as follows: • Masonry – • Structural components – • Exterior Wall surface – • Interior Ceiling surface – • Interior Wall surface – • Flooring – • Gazebo – • Gates – • Boundary wall –

Burnt sand bricks Reinforced cement concrete roof, Timber beam Sand stone, Rubble stones, Plaster Tiles, Paintings White Distemper paint White Distemper paint Black Marble White Marble Burnt sand bricks, cement mortar Plaster Metal shutters 45-degrees corner cut design in plaster

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4.1.7 LANDSCAPING 4.1.7.1 SOFTSCAPE: Some of the following plants observed in the surrounding of the building: Botanical Name: Ficus religiosa Common Name: Peepal Tree Morphological Characters:

Figure 88 - Peepal tree or Ficus religiosa

Ficus religiosa is a large dry season-deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 30 metres tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 3 metres.

The leaves are cordate in shape with a distinctive extended drip tip; they are 10–17 cm long and 8–12 cm broad, with a 6–10 cm petiole.

The fruits are small figs 1–1.5 cm in diameter, green ripening to purple.

The leaves of this tree move continuously even when the air around is still and no perceptible wind is blowing. This phenomenon can be explained due to the long leaf stalk and the broad leaf structure.

Ficus religiosa suitably grows at altitudes ranging from 10 metres up to 1,520 metres. Due to the climatic conditions which are prevalent throughout different heat zones, it can grow at latitudes ranging from 30°N to 5°S. It can tolerate air temperatures ranging between 0 °C to 35 °C, beyond this upper limit its growth diminishes. It grows on a wide variety of soils but preferably needs deep, alluvial sandy loam with good drainage. It is also found on shallow soils including rock crevices.

Growing season and Type: 1. The Peepal (Ficus religious) is a very large tree. Its bark is light grey, smooth and peels in patches. Its heart-shaped leaves have long, tapering tips. The slightest breeze makes them rustle. The fruit is purple when ripe.

2. Peepal trees are native to India and thrive in hot, humid weather. They prefer full sunlight and can grow in most soil types, though loam is the best.

When planting, use soil with a pH of 7 or below.

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Botanical Name: Buxus spp.

An evergreen shrub, best known for the ornamental and useful boxwoods. Found in North America, Europe, North Africa, and Asia.

Figure 89 - Buxus spp.

Common Name: Fan palm Morphological Characters: Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves, known as fronds, arranged at the top of an unbranched stem. However, palms exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics and inhabit nearly every type of habitat within their range, from rainforests to deserts.

Uses: An excellent ornamental tree or shrub to provide a brilliant geometry to gardens. It adds interest and be a conversation-piece plant for landscape.

Figure 90 - Fan palm

Figure 91 - Topiary of shrubs for making various shapes

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4.1.7.2 HARDSCAPE: Hardscape elements provided for non-slippery and walkable environment:

Figure 97 - Label stone

Figure 94 - Concrete pathway with stones

Figure 92 - RCC Bridge, grass patch tiles

Figure 93 - Metal railing, 1.5m wide path

Figure 96 - Scratched surface

Figure 95 - Steady steps

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4.1.8 CULTURAL CONTEXT 4.1.8.1 CHANDIGARH: Chandigarh, also called the city beautiful, Chandigarh was designed by the Swiss-French modernist architect, Le Corbusier. Apart from the city's architecture and buildings like Capitol Complex, High Court, Secretariat, Legislative Assembly and giant Open Hand Monument, it is also famous for its clean roads and greenery.

4.1.8.2 EDICT OF CHANDIGARH: This edict of Chandigarh was prescribed by Mon Le Corbusier, the planner of Chandigarh for its citizens to follow in future.

The object of this edict is to enlighten the present and future citizens of Chandigarh about the basic concepts of planning of the city so that they become its guardians and save it from whims of individuals. This edict sets out the following basic ideas underlying the planning of the city.

As per Edict of Chandigarh, No Personal Statue Be Erected The age of personal statues is gone. No personal statues shall be erected in the city or parks of Chandigarh. The city is planned to breathe the new sublimated spirit of art. Commemoration of persons shall be confined to suitably placed bronze plaques.

4.1.8.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE GARDEN: The Japanese garden is one of its time in the city, it is developed for giving a community space to The Indian Air Force residences in the sector 31.

The garden manages to exhibit a Japanese theme by the sum of each element designed. It is a frequently visited place by the sector users, as well as some other visitors from other corners of the city.

It manages to provide a space for gym, walk, cycle and meditate i.e. all major community needs of human beings.

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4.1.9 INFERENCES 4.1.9.1 REVIEWS:

Figure 98 - Google rating

Figure 99 - 5 Star Rating

Figure 100 - 5 Star Rating

Figure 102 - 5 Star Rating

Figure 101 - 5 Star Rating Figure 103 – 3 Star Rating

All reviews and ratings are sourced from https://www.google.com/maps

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Nature Interpretation Centre Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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4.2.1 SITE ANALYSIS 4.2.1.1 PROJECT DETAILS: ▪ Title – ▪ Client – ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Nature Interpretation Centre Chandigarh Administration Ministry of Tourism, Government of India Typology – Tourism building Location – Regulator end of Sukhna Choe, Sukhna Lake, Chandigarh Site Entry – From Uttar Marg (V3 road) on south-east Completion – 2010

4.2.1.2 LOCATION:

Figure 104 - Location map: Nature Interpretation Centre, Source: https://maps.google.com/

• Located at east corner of Sukhna Lake, Chandigarh.

• Situated in a peaceful zone on Uttar marg.

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4.2.1.3 SURROUNDING: • The building is at regulator end of Sukhna Choe.

• The building is near the Garden of Silence (The Garden of Silence is a meditative space at the end of Sukhna Lake, Chandigarh).

• Site is close to border of Chandigarh and Panchkula.

1 2 3 4

1. Dam at Sukhna Choe 2. Nature Interpretation Centre 3. Parking 4. Garden of Silence 5. Sukhna Choe

5

Figure 105 - Site Plan, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

Figure 106 - Surrounding: Regulator end of Sukhna Choe

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Figure 107 - Surrounding: Garden of Silence, Sukhna Lake

4.2.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY: • The building is in a much neglected formed due to dumping of silt & soil and the wild growth of the Sukhna Lake.

4.2.1.5 HISTORY: • The proposal of a very modern glass structure was presented initially by the engineering department, but the Chief Architect, UT has some reservations on the proposal in view of the unsuitability of the proposed structure to the surrounding environment, flora & fauna.

• To go with this, Chief Architect. UT suggested to propose an earthsheltered structure to accommodate maintenance office in half part and in remaining half there would be an Exhibition Hall-cum-Souvenir shop for the Le Corbusier Centre.

• Subsequently, an earth sheltered Nature Interpretation Centre was developed to do justice to the surrounding environment, flora and fauna. The idea was taken up to develop landscaping along the Nature Interpretation Centre at the Regulator End by the Chandigarh Administration to develop it as a tourist destination with the help of funding from the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.

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4.2.2 LEGISLATION 4.2.2.1 APPLICABLE SPACE NORMS & LOCAL BUILDING BYE LAWS: ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Chandigarh Building Rules (Urban), 2017 CBR (U) Amendment 14.03.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 24.04.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 09.07.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 18.01.2019 CBR (U) Amendment 12.07.2019 CBR (U) Amendment 20.12.2019 National Building Code, 2016 [Latest] Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031

4.2.2.2 GENERAL REGULATIONS As per Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031, The norms related to various environmental factors related to Chandigarh have been finalized by the Master Plan Committee and in the proposal part of Master Plan, which are given as below: i) Green buffer/ strips S. No.

Feature/area

1.

Patiala-ki-Rao, Sukhna Choe and Natural choe Interstate border 100 of Chandigarh with Punjab and Haryana Along roads (on 30 either side) Railway Line (on 30 either side)

2.

3.

4.

Width of green buffer/ strip (m) 100

Condition Shall be declared as Eco sensitive zone.

Wherever non compatible land use exists on other side of interstate border To give the feel of garden city Chandigarh.

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The specified width of plantation as green buffer/strip shall be developed along various features/ land use as described below:

ii) Open Spaces: • No further construction of community facilities in the planned open spaces is permitted which interfere with pedestrian movement, availability of green spaces and natural drainage.

• Large campuses like PGI, Panjab University, CSIO, IMTECH and housing societies shall be encouraged to improve their water, energy and resources use efficiencies and introduce waste water recycling iii) Securing the Lake’s Catchment and Wildlife Sanctuary: • The entire catchment of Sukhna Lake must be protected from any activities that may threaten the lake’s lifespan.

• No development in the immediate vicinity of the Wildlife Sanctuary should contravene the objectives of the Wildlife conservation. iv) Eco sensitive Zone: Chandigarh Administration has constituted a Committee to determine the extent of Eco-Sensitive Zone to be declared around the Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary and the recommendations of the Committee shall be applicable accordingly. The norms shall be made applicable after approval of the competent authority.

4.2.2.3 OTHER REGULATIONS:

As per Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031, Regulations such as FAR, Setbacks, Ground coverage, Maximum height of the building is determined by a committee set up by the Chandigarh Administration for the Eco-Sensitive Zone around the Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary and the recommendations of the Committee shall be applicable accordingly.

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4.2.3 DRAWINGS

Green Roof

Green Roof

22m

Reception cum shop

12m

Exhibition hall 2

Tourist Information

Figure 108 - Terrace Plan, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

Exhibition hall 1

Figure 109 - Floor Plan, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

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Figure 110 - Elevation, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

Figure 111 - Section 1, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

Figure 112 - Section 2, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

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4.2.4 SPACE ANALYSIS 4.2.4.1 INFRASTRUCTURE: Table 16 - List of Infrastructures

S.No. Room/space Interpretation Centre 7. Reception cum Souvenir shop

No.(s)

Area Approx.

Comment

1

17.3 sqm

Counter with showcase with a representative for information and purchase of items.

Seating, Touch screen-based Tourist information machine connected with internet.

Information hoardings, banners, painting, models, scenes & bird voice identifier.

2m wide corridor

8.

Tourist Seating

1

17.3 sqm

9.

Exhibition Hall

2

100 sqm

1

-

10. Corridor

Figure 113 - Reception cum Souvenir shop

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Figure 114 - Entry to Exhibition Room 1

Figure 115 - Exhibition Room 1

Figure 116 - Exhibition Room 2

Figure 117 - Seating for tourists and tourist information machine

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4.2.5 CONNECTIVITY

12m

Exhibition hall 2

22m

Reception cum shop

Tourist Information

4.2.5.1 CONNECTIVITY:

Exhibition hall 1

Tourist Flow Entry Figure 118 - Connectivity, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

4.2.5.2 FLOW CHART:

Entrance Hall

Exhibition Hall 1

Reception or Seating

Exhibition Hall 2

Corridor

Exit

Souvenir Shop

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4.2.6 CAMPUS 1 2 3 4

1. Dam at Sukhna Choe 2. Nature Interpretation Centre 3. Parking 4. Garden of Silence 5. Sukhna Choe

5

Figure 119 - Site Plan, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

4.2.6.1 APPROACH ROADS: The building has 2 basic approaches

Figure 120 - Pedestrian approach road from Sukhna Lake side

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Figure 121 - Vehicular approach road from Uttar Marg in south east

4.2.6.2 ENTRY TO BUILDING: The building has 2 parametric entries with identical shape and size.

Figure 122 - Building entry towards Parking and Uttar Marg

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Figure 123 - Building Entry from Sukhna Choe and Sukhna Lake, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

Both the entries are designed in curved shapes with rubble stone in wall and sandstone in wall, floor and corners.

4.2.6.3 PARKING: There is separate parking for two-wheeler and four-wheelers.

Figure 124 - Parking towards Uttar Marg

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4.2.6.4 CAMPUS LIGHTING: The surrounding of the building is provided with lights of various types for ease of movement, safety and path finding.

Figure 127 - Path light

Figure 126 - Roof lights

Figure 125 - Light Pole

Figure 128 - Building entry towards Parking and Uttar Marg in the dark with Street Lamp, Ceiling light and Path lights, Source: https://urbanplanning.chd.gov.in/

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4.2.7 SERVICES 4.2.7.1 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES: There is no toilet and water supply of any kind in the building. Being part of a large campus i.e. Sukhna Lake these services are provided separately from the building.

Drains are provided for rainwater in the surrounding of the building.

Figure 129 - Drains in front of stepped entry to the building

4.2.7.2 AIR CONDITIONING: Although the building is planned for passive air conditioning by giving green roof and underground design, but due to extreme hot weather in summers and for creation of artificial environment (jungle theme) inside the building there are Artificial window AC are installed in roof.

Figure 130 - Air conditioner in roof

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4.2.8 INTERPRETATION 4.2.8.1 INTERPRETATION BY SOUND: The Exhibition Room 1 is provided with the sound-based bird identifier.

Figure 131 - Birds sound machine

Figure 132 - Birds sound machine

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4.2.8.2 INTERPRETATION BY MODELS: The Exhibition Room 1 & 2 have artificial sets of various natural habitats.

Figure 135 - Model of Deer

Figure 136 - Model of a Baby Puma

Figure 133 - Model of a snake

Figure 134 - Model of a snake

Figure 137 - Model of a Water Life habitat

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4.2.9 CONSTRUCTION 4.2.9.1 STRUCTURE SYSTEM:

Figure 138 - Exposed beams in Exhibition Room 1

Structure system of the building is R.C.C. Frame Structure with columns and beams.

4.2.9.2 BUILDING MATERIALS: Building materials used in the building are as follows: • • • • • •

Masonry – Structural components – Exterior Wall surface – Interior Ceiling surface – Interior Wall surface – Flooring –

Burnt sand bricks Reinforced cement concrete Sand stone, Rubble stones, Plaster White Distemper paint Blue (Nature theme) Distemper paint 600x600mm White vitrified tiles 600x600mm Black tiles

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4.2.10 LANDSCAPING 4.2.10.1 SOFTSCAPE: Some of the following plants observed in the surrounding of the building: Botanical Name: Ficus religiosa Common Name: Peepal Tree Morphological Characters: Ficus religiosa is a large dry seasondeciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 30 metres tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 3 metres.

The leaves are cordate in shape with Figure 139 - Peepal tree or Ficus religiosa a distinctive extended drip tip; they are 10–17 cm long and 8–12 cm broad, with a 6–10 cm petiole.

The fruits are small figs 1–1.5 cm in diameter, green ripening to purple.

The leaves of this tree move continuously even when the air around is still and no perceptible wind is blowing. This phenomenon can be explained due to the long leaf stalk and the broad leaf structure.

Ficus religiosa suitably grows at altitudes ranging from 10 metres up to 1,520 metres. Due to the climatic conditions which are prevalent throughout different heat zones, it can grow at latitudes ranging from 30°N to 5°S. It can tolerate air temperatures ranging between 0 °C to 35 °C, beyond this upper limit its growth diminishes. It grows on a wide variety of soils but preferably needs deep, alluvial sandy loam with good drainage. It is also found on shallow soils including rock crevices.

Growing season and Type: 1. The Peepal (Ficus religious) is a very large tree. Its bark is light grey, smooth and peels in patches. Its heart-shaped leaves have long, tapering tips. The slightest breeze makes them rustle. The fruit is purple when ripe.

2. Peepal trees are native to India and thrive in hot, humid weather. They prefer full sunlight and can grow in most soil types, though loam is the best.

When planting, use soil with a pH of 7 or below.

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Botanical Name: Plumeria rubra Common Name: Gulachin/Frangipani Origin: It is native to Mexico, Central America and Venezuela.

Morphological Characters: Frangipani is a small tree or spreading shrub which grows upto the height of 2 to 8 meters and have similar width.

Figure 37 – Gulachin or Plumeria

The tree has thick succulent trunk Figure 140 - Gulachin or Plumeria and sausage like blunt branches which is covered with thin and grey bark.

The branches are brittle which oozes white latex when broken that could be irritating to skin and mucous membranes.

Leaves are large, green and measures 30 to 50 cm long and are alternately arranged and clustered at the end of branches.

It is deciduous and falls in cooler months of the year.

The terminal flowers appear at the end of branches in the summer. The flowers are prominent, have five petals and are strongly fragrant. Its color ranges from common pink to white having shades of yellow in the center of the flower. Before opening out, initially they are tubular.

Flowers are 5 to 7.5 cm in diameter and produces seed rarely. Seeds are winged and contained in 17.5 cm (7 in) pod.

Health benefits: Skin health, Lowers headache, Acts as stimulant, Antioxidant activity, Lowers stress

Botanical Name: Buxus spp.

An evergreen shrub, best known for the ornamental and useful boxwoods. Found in North America, Europe, North Africa, and Asia.

Figure 141 - Buxus spp.

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Botanical Name: Tibouchina mutabilis Morphological Characters: A perennial evergreen flowering bush or tree. It can reach between 1.5 to 12 m tall, depending on whether it’s a compact and dwarfish hybrid or a native plant in the wild.

Figure 142 - Tibouchina mutabilis

Foliage is dense. The simple leaves, arranged opposite along the wellbranched brown stems are beautifully coloured in bright green and deeply veined to provide a wonderful contrast to its colourful flowers. These large saucer-shaped flowers in white and lavender, each measuring 6-8 cm across has a cluster of protruding Uses: Tibouchina mutabilis will be an excellent ornamental tree or shrub to provide a brilliant splash of colour to gardens. It adds interest and be a conversation-piece plant for landscape.

4.2.10.2 HARDSCAPE: Hardscape elements provided for non-slippery and walkable environment:

Figure 145 - Concrete pathway with stones

Figure 144 - 150mm high footpath

Figure 143 - 100mm wide sandstone chips

Figure 146 - 600mm wide concrete pathway

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4.2.11 CLIMATE 4.2.11.1 UNDERGROUND DESIGN: The building is under the ground more than 1/3rd of the height, this makes the building cooler than the surrounding.

4.2.11.2 GREEN ROOF: The building is covered with a green roof.

Figure 147 - Curved green roof for passive cooling and organic design of the building

4.2.11.3 NATURAL LIGHT & VENTILATION: There are skylights and dormer windows provided in the roof for the natural light and ventilation inside the building.

Figure 148 - Dormer windows & skylights

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4.2.12 CULTURAL CONTEXT 4.2.12.1 CHANDIGARH: Chandigarh, also called the city beautiful, Chandigarh was designed by the Swiss-French modernist architect, Le Corbusier. Apart from the city's architecture and buildings like Capitol Complex, High Court, Secretariat, Legislative Assembly and giant Open Hand Monument, it is also famous for its clean roads and greenery.

4.2.12.2 EDICT OF CHANDIGARH: This edict of Chandigarh was prescribed by Mon Le Corbusier, the planner of Chandigarh for its citizens to follow in future.

The object of this edict is to enlighten the present and future citizens of Chandigarh about the basic concepts of planning of the city so that they become its guardians and save it from whims of individuals. This edict sets out the following basic ideas underlying the planning of the city.

As per Edict of Chandigarh, The lake is a gift of the creators of Chandigarh to the citizens to be at one with nature, away from the hubbub of city life. There shall be no commercial exploitation of the lake and its environment and its tranquillity shall be guaranteed by banning noises.

4.2.12.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE BUILDING: The Nature Interpretation Centre is built in harmony with the cultural importance of the Sukhna Lake in the city beautiful. Its organic form merges it with the surrounding and makes it part of the silent zone at Sukhna Lake.

The culture of Chandigarh is to walk, feel and enjoy the Sukhna Lake, the population of the city accept this Sukhna lake as a gift and use it wisely.

Morning and evening walks over Sukhna Lake are cultural activities, the building merges with the culture of the people coming to the lake. It acts as a destination for the people coming from the other side of the lake and it acts as a stoppage for the people coming there for the first time.

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4.2.13 INFERENCES 4.2.13.1 REVIEWS:

Figure 150 – 5 Star rating comment

Figure 149 – Google Maps rating

Figure 153 - 3 Star rating comment

Figure 152 - 5 Star rating comment

Figure 151 - 4 Star rating comment Figure 154 - 5 Star rating comment

All the reviews are sourced from https://www.google.com/maps/

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Andretta Artists' Village Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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4.3.1 SITE ANALYSIS 4.3.1.1 PROJECT DETAILS: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Title – Typology – Location – Site Entry – Established –

Andretta Artists' Village Kalagram | Craft Village | Artisan Village VPO Andretta, Palampur Himachal Pradesh State Highway 17 Himachal Pradesh 1920s

4.3.1.2 LOCATION:

Figure 155 - Location map: Andretta Artists' Village, Source: https://maps.google.com/

• Located at both sides of SH17 Himachal Pradesh • The village of Andretta is located 13 km away from Palampur and can be reached within 20-30 minutes by a bus or taxi.

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4.3.1.3 SURROUNDING: • The village is near Panchrukhi, Palampur • Panchrukhi is a town and nearest Railway station

Figure 157 - Tea Garden

Figure 156 - Panchrukhi, Railway Station

4.3.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY: The village is surrounded by Himalayan hills, but the overall topography of the whole village is broadly plain.

4.3.1.5 HISTORY: Just 13 km from the tea gardens of Kangra valley’s Palampur district in Himachal Pradesh, a peaceful village and artists’ colony sit on the gentle gradient below the august snow-covered peaks of the Dhauladhar range.

Andretta is anything but another ordinary Himalayan village – it was a meeting point of some great minds in theatre, art and pottery in the last century and is experiencing something of a cultural renaissance again.

4.3.1.5.1 NORAH RICHARD: •

Sometime in the 1920s, when the British Empire was in its days of decline, a young Irish woman named Norah Richards arrived in Andretta on horseback.

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• This was not, however, her first sojourn in India. Married in 1908 to Philip Richards, a professor in Lahore, she had been involved in establishing Punjabi theatre in the city before returning to England after her husband died.

• Legend goes that Norah was unhappy in England and longed to return. So, when she met an Englishman who was willing to sell her land in Kangra for Rs. 1, she grabbed the offer, got on the next ship to India, and bid goodbye forever to her home in England. Whether she ever found the land that was sold to her is unknown but Norah suddenly found herself in Andretta, an off-the-grid village that was only reached those days by a 12-hour train journey, followed by a bus ride, and several miles on foot or horseback.

Figure 158 - Portrait of Norah Richard, Source: http://123himachal.com/

Figure 159 - ‘Chameli Niwas’, Norah Richard’s Home

• Norah built herself a traditional Kangra-style mud house, known as ‘Chameli Niwas’, employing local style and material, using mud, slate and bamboo.

• Soon, she also built a makeshift proscenium and invited Punjabi theatre amateurs and professionals to perform plays here. Despite its remote location, Andretta soon began to attract artists from all over, especially Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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Lahore. Norah invited B.C. Sanyal, a well-known painter and sculptor, and Prof. Jaidayal, her late husband’s pupil to join her in Andretta. They came and built their own mud homes in the village. Later, the legendary actor Prithviraj Kapoor too began to frequent this village.

• In 1935, the District Commissioner of Kangra gave Norah 15 acres of land, and the Woodland Estate came into existence.

• Her adobe house was recently renovated by the Punjab University with the help of local artisans. The little theatre is still in use by the university students. They perform plays every year on Norah’s birthday, October 29th. Anyone can come and watch, sitting under the stars among the local village folk.

4.3.1.5.2 SARDAR SOBHA SINGH: Later came Sobha Singh, the painter of Sikh Gurus, who settled in this beautiful village too and lived here until his death in the mid-80s. His paintings of Heer Ranjha and Sohni Mahiwal became famous and were seen printed on calendars across the country. His murals are displayed in Parliament House in Delhi. He dabbled in sculpture as well and did a head study of the Punjabi poet Amrita Pritam.

Figure 160 - Post card, Sobha Singh Painting – Heer Ranjha

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4.3.1.5.3 SARDAR GURCHARAN SINGH: • Norah also invited Sardar Gurcharan Singh (later a Padmashree awardee), the master potter from Delhi, who was responsible for introducing studio art pottery into India. He built a house and a small pottery for summer use in Andretta. During Norah’s time, there were vibrant discussions about art, drama and the philosophy of living in a rural environment.

• Later, Gurcharan’s son Mansimran Singh and his wife Mary, both potters, moved to Andretta in 1984 to start the Andretta Pottery and Craft Society here.

• They continue to live in the village, making functional glazed earthenware and conducting 3-week long residential programmes to teach world-class pottery to serious students.

Figure 162 - Mansimran Singh at work, Source: Figure 161 - Pottery http://blogspot.com

4.3.1.5.4 OTHERS: • Another well-known personality who settled in Andretta for a while was Freda Bedi (actor Kabir Bedi’s mother).

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• Andretta has recently seen something of a revival in theatre with the arrival of artistes Denis Harrap and Navjot Randhawa who have formed The Andretta Arts Company and settled down in the village. It all started with Denis buying The Mirage, the old house of Figure 163 - The Mirage, Source: Norah Richards’ friend Jai Dayal https://lh5.googleusercontent.com from Lahore. Here he built The Glass House Studio, a yoga, dance and rehearsal space. Recently, the two artistes conducted a theatre workshop for promising actors under the guidance of Chandigarh-based theatre personality and Padmashri awardee Neelam Mansingh.

Aside from its obvious artistic charms, Andretta is submerged in the ethereal beauty of the Himalayan slopes – sandwiched as it is between the lofty snow-capped Dhauladhar range and the dense foliage and bamboo groves of the Shivaliks. Rhododendron shrubs, banana trees, blackberry bushes, bamboo thickets are part and parcel of the extremely fertile landscape of Andretta.

In this birders’ paradise 550 different species of birds have been recorded, including various species of cuckoo, dove, flycatcher, minivet and resident or altitude migrant species of thrush, barbet, woodpecker, robins, bulbuls, fantail, tits, sunbirds, kingfisher, owl, crake, warbler, finch, redstart, chat, and babbler.

Nearby attractions around Andretta include the Baijnath Temple – one of the oldest temples in north India dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Brijeshwari temple – famous for its legendary wealth that was looted by Mohammed of Ghazni, and the Jwalamukhi Mata temple – recognised as one of the 51 Shaktipeeths of India.

Tibetan monasteries and communities in the area attract tourists and pilgrims alike – Tashijong Monastery, Sherabling Monastery and the Norbulingka Institute.

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4.3.2 SPACE ANALYSIS 4.3.2.1 INFRASTRUCTURE: Table 17 - List of Infrastructures

S.No. Room/space

No.(s)

Area Approx.

Comment

1

100 sqm

12. Room 13. Staircase

2

9 sqm -

14. Theatre

1

350sqm

15. Store/guest rooms for students 16. Norah’s Grave 17. Pathway

1

200sqm

Traditional Kangra-style mud house, known as ‘Chameli Niwas’, employing local style and material, using mud, slate and bamboo.

Mud floor and wall rooms Material = Mud bricks Riser = 170mm Tread = 200mm Backstage = Mud columns Stage = Concrete floor Steps = 1.2m wide in grass Brick building

1 1

-

In the landscape 1.8m wide tiled pathway above grass for walking

1

25 sqm

19. Painting store

1

25 sqm

20. Gazebo 21. Art Gallery & Museum

1 1

5 sqm 200 sqm

Shop with showcase with a representative for information and purchase of items.

Seating, Touch screen-based Tourist information machine connected with internet.

Space for removing shoes 2 floor building with Information hoardings, banners, painting, models.

Norah Richard’s House 11. House

Sobha Singh Art Gallery 18. Souvenir Shop

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Andretta Pottery 22. Terracotta Museum

1

70 sqm

1 1 1

32 sqm 8 sqm 10 sqm

1 1 1 1

14 sqm 24 sqm 15 sqm 18 sqm

1

-

31. The White House 1

-

32. The Garden Cottages

2

-

33. Yoga Shala, Pavilion

1

34. Swimming Pool

1

23. Studio Space 24. Staff area 25. Glazed pottery storage 26. Kiln room 27. Display room 28. Glazing studio 29. General storage The Mirage 30. The Main House

200 sqm

Stone building with sloped metal roof for pottery work display Working space for artists Small rooms with storage of finished or raw materials Built in 1948, the main house has a vintage feel. Dotted with black & white photos of a long-gone era, it's the perfect space to soak in the history of Andretta.

Dedicated to Modern Art, this mud house built in 1956, was restored keeping in mind artists seeking a space that inspires. It is also a perfect couple’s getaway.

These are modern mud cottages with their private patio & with a garden view.

They were designed for guests seeking complete privacy.

The newly built hexagonal yoga centre is being used for hosting both yoga sessions of yoga groups and rehearsal sessions of theatre groups in residency.

-

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4.3.2.1.1 NORAH RICHARD’S HOUSE:

Figure 164 - Mud walls, columns and staircase

Figure 165 - Timber Beams | Sloped slate roof

Figure 166 - Theatre seating, grass filled with stone masonry structure

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Figure 167 - Theatre backstage - Mud columns | Timber beam | Sloped metal roof

4.3.2.1.2 SOBHA SINGH ART GALLERY:

Figure 168 - Main Entry & Souvenir Shop – Brick walls | Timber beam | Sloped metal roof

Figure 169 - Gazebo – Metal Pipes Structure | Sloped slate roof

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4.3.2.1.3 ANDRETTA POTTERY:

Figure 170 - Pottery Work Space – Brick walls and columns | Asbestos sheet roof

Figure 172 - Wall paintings

Figure 171 - Terracotta Museum

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4.3.2.1.4 THE MAIN HOUSE (THE MIRAGE):

Figure 174 - Timber beams | Tiles

Figure 176 - The Main House

Figure 175 - Timber ceiling, beams, furniture

Figure 173 - Timber ceiling, beams, furniture

4.3.2.1.5 THE WHITE HOUSE (THE MIRAGE):

Figure 179 - White brick walls | Slate roof

Figure 180 - White theme walls and doors

Figure 178 - White furniture

Figure 177 - Numerous wall paintings

Source: https://mirageandretta.com/ Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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4.3.2.1.6 THE GARDEN COTTAGES (THE MIRAGE):

Figure 182 - Exposed mud walls and columns

Figure 181 - Exposed mud walls and columns

4.3.2.1.7 THE YOGA PAVILION (THE MIRAGE):

Figure 184 - Hexagonal plan | Sloped metal roof

Figure 183 - Wooden flooring | Checker tiles

4.3.2.1.7 MISCELLANEOUS (THE MIRAGE):

Figure 185 - Gardens and rich vegetation

Figure 186 - Swimming Pool

Source: https://mirageandretta.com/ Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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4.3.3 DRAWINGS 4.3.3.1 NORAH RICHARD’S HOUSE:

Figure 187 - Floor Plan, Source: https://issuu.com/siroliya/

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Figure 188 - Section, Source: https://issuu.com/siroliya/

4.3.3.2 ANDRETTA POTTERY:

Figure 189 - Site Plan, Source: https://issuu.com/siroliya/

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4.3.4 CONNECTIVITY 4.3.4.1 CONNECTIVITY:

Figure 190 - The main street of Andretta in red, Source: https://maps.google.com/

4.3.4.2 FLOW CHART: Andretta main street

SH17

Sobha Singh Art Gallery

Andretta main 22m street

Norah Richard's House

The Mirage

Andretta Pottery

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4.3.5 CAMPUS 4.3.5.1 APPROACH ROAD: The village is situated on SH17 of Himachal Pradesh. There is one main street in the village connecting to all the important buildings in the village.

3

Figure 191 - Junction point of SH17 and main street of the village

4.3.5.2 PARKING: There is street parking or parking within premises of the major buildings.

Figure 192 - Parking in front of Norah Richard’s House

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4.3.6 CONSTRUCTION 4.3.6.1 STRUCTURE SYSTEM:

Figure 193 - Bamboo beams

Figure 194 - Exposed brick wall with carvings

Structure system of most of the buildings uses Brick masonry, Stone masonry or Mud walls with bamboo or timber beams.

4.3.6.2 BUILDING MATERIALS: Building materials used in the buildings are as follows: • • • •

Masonry – Structural components – Exterior Wall surface – Flooring –

Burnt sand bricks, stone, Brick pillars, timber beams Rubble stones, Plaster Mud flooring, cemented, others

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4.3.7 CLIMATE 4.3.7.1 SLOPED ROOFS: All buildings in the village have majority of the roof in a slope. The traditional Kangra roof is at an angle from 4 sides.

Figure 195 - Sloped slate roofs

4.3.7.2 LARGE WINDOWS: All the buildings have large and many windows.

Figure 196 - Large windows in Sobha Singh Art Gallery

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4.3.8 INFERENCES 4.3.8.1 REVIEWS: “A Hidden Gem” We accidentally found The Mirage and it was a highlight of our trip to the region. We are three journalists from the USA and were in the area to make a documentary about a local village. The host, Denis, has an aesthetic eye and sensibility and all of the rooms are decorated with an artist’s touch. The rooms are comfortable, the staff is friendly and always helpful, and the meals are delicious. The Mirage has its own natural water source so for the first time during our trip to India we could drink the tap water and eat the raw veggies. I was nervous and apprehensive at first, with all the traveler’s warnings about India and Delhi Belly, but Denis assured us, and we were fine. The meals are communal and we enjoyed meeting other travelers. Denis also arranged a picnic for us every day, since we were working in a remote village and couldn’t eat their food. He supplied us with delicious lunches that included sandwiches on homemade bread and gave us a thermos of chai. We were well taken care of and after a long, hot day we looked forward to going back to the Mirage for a swim (heated in the winter), yoga in the studio and a delicious meal.

The Mirage is a special place, very Zen, beautiful and well-staffed. I would recommend it to anyone. Well worth using it as your home base. Because it is a home away from home.

– Leslie Champaine (USA) “So peaceful & green” Loved the stay. Wish we had more days. Beautiful gardens with camelias, Zinnias & hydrangers & lychees on the trees. So peaceful & green. Service & amenities outstanding.

Thank you.

— Ritu Hans (USA) “I can’t wait until next summer!”

What a wonderful hideaway in the mountains! Waking up to the sound of birds, the gentle pitter-patter of rain, and soaking in the smells of the green around & the lovely homemade food made so lovingly, was just what we needed. Thank you :) — Kavita & Ankita (India) Find yourself amidst dense foliage surrounded by the groves of the Shivalik Hills, along with the towering Dhauladhar range and its snow-capped peaks across the Kangra valley when at The Mirage in the artist’s colony of Andretta. Its mission continues to be to provide an escape from busy metros; a space to relax and discover oneself.

— Verve Magazine

All the reviews are sourced from https://mirageandretta.com/testimonials

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Botanic Garden Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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4.4.1 SITE ANALYSIS 4.4.1.1 PROJECT DETAILS: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Title – Client – Typology – Location – Site Entry –

Chandigarh Botanic Garden & Nature Park Chandigarh Administration Botanical park Sarangpur Village, Chandigarh From Chandigarh Kurali Road (V1 road) on north-east From Dhanas-P.G.I. Road on south-east From Dhanas Village on south From Chandigarh-Sarangpur Road on west From Sarangpur Village on north ▪ Completion – 2007

4.4.1.2 LOCATION:

Figure 197 - Location map: Chandigarh Botanical Garden, Source: https://maps.google.com/

• Located at southern end of Sarangpur Village, Chandigarh.

• Occupies a large site of 176 acres.

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4.4.1.3 SURROUNDING: • The park is surrounded by Sarangpur Village on north side.

Figure 198 - Surrounding: Sarangpur Village entry road

4.4.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY: • The topography of the park is broadly plain.

4.4.1.5 HISTORY: The foundation stone was laid on 30th May, 2002 by Lt. Gen. (Retd.) J.F.R. Jacob, the then Administrator, U.T. Chandigarh.

This garden has been connected with the nature reserve known as Patiala-kiRao forest through a causeway. Patiala-ki-Rao forest spreads over 350 acres of land. Gen. (Retd.) Dr. S. F. Rodrigues, the then Governor of Punjab & Administrator, U.T. Chandigarh, the champion of the cause of environment and keen nature lover, guided the project through his constant inspiration and guidance. H.E. inaugurated the garden on 2nd January, 2007.

This garden is one of the biggest in this region.

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4.4.2 LEGISLATION 4.4.2.1 APPLICABLE SPACE NORMS & LOCAL BUILDING BYE LAWS: ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Chandigarh Building Rules (Urban), 2017 CBR (U) Amendment 14.03.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 24.04.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 09.07.2018 CBR (U) Amendment 18.01.2019 CBR (U) Amendment 12.07.2019 CBR (U) Amendment 20.12.2019 National Building Code, 2016 [Latest] Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031

4.4.2.2 GENERAL REGULATIONS As per Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031, The Urban Development (UDPFI) norms for open spaces recommend that the overall quantum of town level /city level parks should range between 10 sq. meter to 12 sq. meter per person, which would include parks, play fields, specified parks, amusement parks, maidans, multi-purpose open spaces, botanical garden, geological park and traffic park etc.

4.4.2.3 OTHER REGULATIONS: As per Chandigarh Master Plan – 2031, Regulations such as FAR, Setbacks, Ground coverage, Maximum height of the building is determined by a committee set up by the Chandigarh Administration for the Open spaces of Chandigarh and recommendations of the Committee shall be applicable accordingly.

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4.4.3 SPACE ANALYSIS

Figure 199 - Site Plan, Source: Board on site

4.4.3.1 INFRASTRUCTURE: Table 18 - List of Infrastructures

S.No. Room/space Botanic Garden 1. Office 2. Meditation hut 3. Cafeteria 4. Toilet 5. Store room 6. Roads 7. Pathways 8. Seating 9. Foot bridge 10. Water body 11. Water channel 12. Mound

No.(s) Area Approx.

1 4 1 5 6 9 3 5 3

500sqm 12sqm 120sqm 100sqm -

Comment

6m wide asphalt road 2m wide walkways

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Figure 200 - Office cum Interpretation Centre

Figure 201 - Cafeteria

Figure 202 - Observation hut, Source: https://maps.google.com/

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4.4.4 CAMPUS 4.4.4.1 APPROACH ROADS: The park has 5 approaches

Figure 203 - Surrounding: Chandigarh to Kurali road (V1 Road)

4.4.4.2 ENTRY TO THE GARDEN: The main entry to the campus is from a large metal gate with Tree shaped design.

Figure 204 - Main Entry on Chandigarh to Kurali road (V1 Road)

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4.4.4.3 PARKING: There is separate parking for two-wheeler and four-wheelers.

Figure 205 - Covered Parking towards Chandigarh to Kurali road (V1 Road)

4.4.4.4 CAMPUS LIGHTING: The park is provided with various types of lights for ease of movement, safety and path finding.

Figure 207 - Path light

Figure 206 – Solar cell based light

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4.4.5 LANDSCAPING 4.4.5.1 SOFTSCAPE: The garden consists of 15 Botanical Sections. The primary aim of setting up of Botanical Garden is to promote research, education, ex-situ conservation and to spread awareness about our floral heritage. In addition, the garden would help promote eco-tourism in Chandigarh.

Various sections in the Garden are: 1. Medicinal Plants Garden: Medicinal Plants Garden/ Herbal Garden has been developed over 40 acres of land. More than 75 species of medicinal trees and 55 species of medicinal shrubs, herbs & climbers have already been planted in this section. Tree species like Harar, Bahera, Amla, Neem, Arjun, Maulsari, Bael, Kathal, Sandalwood, Kachnar, Camphor, Lasura, Goolar, Rudraksha, Jamun, Sita Ashok, Guggul, Putranjeeva etc. have been planted alongwith about 55 varieties of medicinal herbs like Giloy, Akarkara, Gokhru, Ghritkumari, Ashwagandha, Sarpagandha, Tulsi, Mehndi, Kalmegh, Bhringraj, Mandukapami, Brahmi, Bansa, Vacha etc.

2. Bambusetum: 22 species of bamboos and 3 species of canes have been planted along two seasonal nallahs passing through the Botanical Garden. A few fern species have, however, been included and planted in shade.

3. Ficus Grove: 18 species of Ficus have been planted in this section.

Adequate space has been left to include more species in future.

4. Arboretum: This section consists of more than 90 species of different kinds of trees. About 70 more species of trees could be included in this section in future.

5. Ornamental/ Flowering Tree Section: More than 35 species of ornamental trees like Acacias, Lagerstroemia, Cassias and Bauhinias etc. have been planted in this section.

6. Pinetum: 12 coniferous species including pines have been planted in this section and few more will be added in future.

7. Palmatum: This section consists of 20 species of Palms and cycads. A part of this section has been devoted to include pseudo-palms too.

8. Sacred Grove: This section has been developed in the form of a Cosmic tree/ ‘Sarva Dharma Vriksha’. This ‘tree’ comprises 11 branches and each

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branch represent a specific religious Vatika.

9. Cactus & Succulent Section: More than 100 varieties of Cactus & Succulent plants have been collected from different sources to develop this section. A beautiful water body and water channel adds to its aesthetic value. Furthermore, a poly-house, poly-carb house and a glass-house are being added.

10. Aquatic Plants Section: This section will have more than 30 aquatic plant species.

11. Rare Plants Section: An area of about 3 acres have been allocated to this section. The collection will include rare plants from India & abroad.

12. Tropical Rain Forest Section: A number of tree species specific to rainforest have been planted in this section. This section would be enriched further with more such species and also matching features.

13. Bulbous Garden: This section will be developed over 2 acres of land. It will consist of a variety of Bulbous plants of this region.

14. Japanese Garden: This section is under development over 5 acres of land. The garden will have various Japanese features.

15. Nutrition garden: This section includes fruit species suitable for temperate, tropical and sub-tropical region. More than 15 fruit species have already been introduced in this section. Few more will be added in future.

Plants are easily identified by the provided name plates generally metal plate.

Figure 209 - Khair tree with name plate

Figure 208 - Tejpatta Tree with name

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4.4.5.2 HARDSCAPE:

Figure 210 - Paved walkway

Figure 211 - Signages, Source: https://maps.google.com/

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4.4.6 CULTURAL CONTEXT 4.4.6.1 CHANDIGARH: Chandigarh, also called the city beautiful, Chandigarh was designed by the Swiss-French modernist architect, Le Corbusier. Apart from the city's architecture and buildings like Capitol Complex, High Court, Secretariat, Legislative Assembly and giant Open Hand Monument, it is also famous for its clean roads and greenery.

4.4.6.2 EDICT OF CHANDIGARH: This edict of Chandigarh was prescribed by Mon Le Corbusier, the planner of Chandigarh for its citizens to follow in future.

The object of this edict is to enlighten the present and future citizens of Chandigarh about the basic concepts of planning of the city so that they become its guardians and save it from whims of individuals. This edict sets out the following basic ideas underlying the planning of the city.

As per Edict of Chandigarh, Landscaping The landscaping of this city bases on careful observation of the vegetation of India. Selected ornamental trees, shrubs and climbers have been planted according of colour schemes to beautify it. In future planting and replacement, these principles must be kept in view. There should be no haphazard replacement so that the avenues retain their harmony and beauty.

4.4.6.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE GARDEN: The Botanic Garden is built in harmony with the cultural importance of the city beautiful. It is acts as a major green space for the whole city.

The culture of Chandigarh is to walk, feel and enjoy the gardens, the population of the city accept this garden as a gift and use it wisely. Morning and evening walks over this garden are cultural activities, it merges with the culture of the people in Chandigarh.

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4.4.7 INFERENCES 4.4.7.1 REVIEWS:

Figure 212 - Google Maps Rating

Figure 213 - 5 Star rating comment

Figure 214 - 5 Star rating comment

Figure 215 - 5 Star rating comment Figure 216 - 5 Star rating comment

Figure 217 - 5 Star rating comment

All the reviews are sourced from https://www.google.com/maps/

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PROGRAMME FORMULATION

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5.1 RELATIVE ANALYSIS 5.1.1 COMPONENTS OF PROJECT: There are 5 (five) major components of the project: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Interpretation Centre Kalagram (Craft Market/Artesian Village) Theme Park (Mini Himachal) Botanical Park Other features

5.1.2 INTERPRETATION CENTRE: Interpretation centre is a small-scale museum building, which will provide an introduction to the Dharamshala city and the Himachal Pradesh state.

Table 19 - Interpretation Centre

S.No. Program/ Item

1

Reception Manager room Staff room Meeting room Ticket counter

Case Study 1

Case Study 2

Final outcome

Minimum sizes N.B.C. 16’

Nature Interpretation Centre

Le Corbusier Centre

Architect’s brief

-

10sqm 24sqm 24sqm -

24sqm 24sqm 24sqm 24sqm 24sqm

-

2.0sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm

-

9.5sqm 9.5sqm

17.3sqm -

24sqm

24sqm 24sqm

-

9.5sqm

100sqm

72sqm

100sqm

-

2.3sqm Part of larger

16sqm

Part of a larger campus

17.3sqm

Exhibition area 2.1 Waiting area 2.2 Exhibition Room 2.3 Exhibition Hall

3

Library Study

Administration 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

2

Client

Services 3.1 Toilets

campus

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5.1.3 KALAGRAM (CRAFT MARKET/ARTISIAN VILLAGE): Kalagram is a market with local & exotic craft items for sale and display, it also consists food court for various types of local & exotic meals.

Table 20 - Kalagram

S.No. Program/ Item 1

Reception Manager room Staff room Meeting room

Case Study 1

Case Study 2

Final outcome

Minimum sizes

Andretta, Palampur

Dilli Haat, INA, Delhi

Architect’s brief

-

2.0sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm

25sqm -

24sqm 24sqm 40sqm 24sqm

24sqm 24sqm 24sqm 24sqm

100sqm 70sqm

-

100sqm 72sqm

25sqm

-

24sqm

-

-

24sqm 24sqm 200sqm

-

7.75sqm

10.0sqm

Exhibition complex (Showcase) 2.1 Art gallery 2.2 Terracotta gallery 2.3 Literature gallery 2.4 Craft gallery 2.5 Other galleries 2.5 Open exhibition

3

Library Study

Administration 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2

Client

-

2.0sqm T.S.S. for Building types

Craft Market 3.1 Shops 1. Ceramics & glass crafts 2. Fibre & textile crafts 3. Artisan crafts 4. Leatherwork 5. Houseware 6. Fashion 7. Needlework 8. Studio pottery 9. Wood and furniture crafts 10. Flower crafts 11. Paper crafts 12. Others

6.0sqm -

T.S.S. for Building types

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S.No. Program/ Item

Client

Library Study

Case Study 1

Case Study 2

Final outcome

Minimum sizes

Andretta, Palampur

Dilli Haat, INA, Delhi

Architect’s brief

3.2 Stalls 1. Ceramics & glass crafts 2. Fibre & textile crafts 3. Artisan crafts 4. Leatherwork 5. Houseware 6. Fashion 7. Needlework 8. Studio pottery 9. Wood and furniture crafts 10. Flower crafts 11. Paper crafts 12. Stone crafts 13. Metal crafts 14. Handicraft

3.3 Souvenir Shop 3.4 Artist space 4

-

T.S.S. for Building types

-

6.0sqm

6.0sqm

-

9.5sqm -

25sqm -

45sqm -

24sqm 200sqm

-

9.5sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm

350sqm 32sqm 15sqm -

150sqm -

250sqm 40sqm 40sqm 40sqm

-

9.5sqm 9.5sqm

-

-

40sqm 40sqm

-

9.5sqm

-

54sqm

60sqm

-

9.5sqm

-

54sqm

60sqm

-

9.5sqm

-

54sqm

60sqm

-

6.0sqm 2.0sqm

-

-

10sqm 6.0sqm

Workshops 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5

Open air theatre Pottery studio Art studio Handicraft studio 4.6 Furniture studio 4.7 Other studios 5

2.0sqm

Food Court 5.1 Regional food court 1 + kitchen 5.2 Regional food court 2 + kitchen 5.3 Regional food court 3 + kitchen 5.4 Food shops 5.5 Food stalls

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5.1.4 THEME PARK (MINI-HIMACHAL): Mini-Himachal is a theme park based on small scale models of important monuments & pieces of architecture of Himachal Pradesh.

Table 21 - Theme park

S.No. Program/ Item 1

Main Entry Manager room Staff room Meeting room

-

Case Study 1

Case Study 2

Final outcome

Minimum sizes

Japanese Garden

Waste to Wonder

Architect’s brief

2.0sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm 9.5sqm

24sqm -

24sqm 24sqm 24sqm

24sqm 24sqm 24sqm 24sqm

-

-

100sqm

-

-

72sqm 24sqm

T.S.S. for Building types

-

-

24sqm

-

-

24sqm 200sqm

-

-

-

-

Iconic Building 2.1 Mini Himachal gallery 2.2 Museum 2.3 Virtual Reality gallery 2.4 Video wall gallery 2.5 Kid’s zone 2.5 Mountainous landscape

3

Library Study

Administration 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2

Client

-

2.0sqm

Miniature Park 3.1 Architectural Monuments on Scale 1. British Architecture 2. Temple Architecture 3. Fort Architecture 4. Spiti Valley Architecture 5. Vernacular Architecture

-

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S.No. Program/ Item 4

Client

-

Final outcome

Minimum sizes

Japanese Garden

Waste to Wonder

Architect’s brief

-

-

-

250sqm 250sqm

-

-

100sqm 10sqm 6.0sqm

9.5sqm 6.0sqm 2.0sqm

Miniature train ride (Replica of Kalka-Shimla Railway) 6.1 Platforms 6.2 Tracks 6.3 Control room

7

Case Study 2

Restaurant and Eating outlets 5.1 Restaurant 5.2 Food shops 5.3 Food stalls

6

Case Study 1

Adventure Park 4.1 Rock climbing 4.2 Campaigning

5

Library Study

-

9.5sqm

-

-

100sqm 24sqm

Water pond with musical fountain 7.1 Water pond with musical fountain

-

-

-

-

100sqm

Client

Library Study

Case Study 1

Case Study 2

Final outcome

Minimum sizes

Chandigarh Botanic Garden

P.N. Mehra Botanical Garden

Architect’s brief

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5.1.5 BOTANICAL PARK: S.No. Program/ Item

1

Botanic Garden 1.1 Gazebo 1.2 Pedestrian pathways 1.3 Seating 1.4 Name plates of plants 1.5 Story sculptures 1.6 Animal houses 1.7 Bird nests

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5.2 SPACE REQUIREMENTS 5.2.1 INTERPRETATION CENTRE: 1. Administration (144sqm) 1.1. Reception – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.2. Manager room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.3. Staff room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.4. Meeting room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.5. Ticket counters – 24 x 2 = 48sqm 2. Exhibition area (248sqm) 2.1. Waiting area – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2.2. Exhibition Rooms – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2.3. Exhibition Halls – 100 x 2 = 200sqm 3. Services 3.1. Toilets – Part of a larger complex

5.2.2 KALAGRAM (CRAFT MARKET/ARTISIAN VILLAGE): 1. Administration (96sqm) 1.1. Reception – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.2. Manager room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.3. Staff room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.4. Meeting room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2. Exhibition complex (316sqm) 2.1. Art gallery – 100 x 1 = 100sqm 2.2. Terracotta gallery – 24 x 1 = 72sqm 2.3. Literature gallery – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2.4. Craft gallery – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2.5. Other galleries – 24 x 4 = 96sqm 2.6.Open exhibition – 200 x 1 = 200sqm 3. Craft Market (504sqm) 3.1. Shops – 10.0 x 30 = 300sqm 3.2. Stalls – 6.0 x 30 = 180sqm

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3.3. Souvenir Shop – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 3.4. Artist space – 200 x 1 = 200sqm 4. Workshops (320sqm) 4.1. Open air theatre – 250 x 1 = 250sqm 4.2. Pottery studio – 40 x 1 = 40sqm 4.3. Art studio – 40 x 1 = 40sqm 4.4. Handicraft studio – 40 x 1 = 40sqm 4.5.Furniture studio – 40 x 1 = 40sqm 4.6. Other studio – 40 x 4 = 160sqm 5. Food Court (340sqm) 5.1. Kangra Food Court + Kitchen – 60 x 1 = 60sqm 5.2. Shimla Food Court + Kitchen – 60 x 1 = 60sqm 5.3. Kangra Food Court + Kitchen – 60 x 1 = 60sqm 5.4.Food Shops – 10.0 x 10 = 100sqm 5.5. Food Stalls – 6.0 x 10 = 60sqm 6. Services 6.1. Stores – 24 x 4 = 96sqm 6.2.Toilets – Part of a larger complex

5.2.3 THEME PARK (MINI-HIMACHAL): 1. Administration (96sqm) 1.1. Main Entry – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.2. Manager room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.3. Staff room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 1.4. Meeting room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2. Iconic Building (244sqm) 2.1. Mini Himachal gallery – 100 x 1 = 100sqm 2.2. Museum – 72 x 1 = 72sqm 2.3. Virtual Reality gallery – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2.4. Video wall gallery – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2.5. Kid’s zone – 24 x 1 = 24sqm 2.6.Mountainous landscape – 200 x 1 = 200sqm 3. Miniature Park 3.1. British Architecture models 3.2. Temple Architecture models 3.3. Fort Architecture models Charan Khad Project | RANJAN LOHIA

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4.

5.

6.

7.

3.4.Spiti Valley Architecture models 3.5. Vernacular Architecture models Adventure Park 4.1. Rock climbing – 250 x 1 = 250sqm 4.2. Campagning – 250 x 1 = 250sqm Restaurant and Eating outlets (148sqm) 5.1. Restaurant – 100 x 1 = 100sqm 5.2. Food Shops – 10.0 x 3 = 30sqm 5.3. Food Stalls – 6.0 x 3 = 18sqm Miniature Train Ride (224sqm) 6.1. Platforms – 100 x 2 = 200sqm 6.2.Tracks – 610mm wide 6.3. Control room – 24 x 1 = 24sqm Water pond with musical fountain

5.2.4 BOTANICAL PARK: 1. Botanical garden 1.1. Gazebos 1.2. Pedestrian pathways 1.3. Seating 1.4. Name plates of plants 1.5. Story sculptures 1.6. Animal houses 1.7. Bird nests

5.2.5 OTHER FEATURES: 1. Water front 1.1. Gazebo 1.2. Pedestrian pathways 1.3. Seating 1.4. Story sculptures 1.5. Animal houses 1.6. Bird nests

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5.3 AREA CALCULATIONS 5.3.1 PROPOSED F.A.R. CALCULATIONS: ❖ Total interior carpet area = Interpretation Centre

–

392sqm

+

Kalagram

–

1,576sqm

+

Theme Park (Mini-Himachal) –

Total

712sqm

=

2,680sqm

Total carpet area

–

2,680sqm

50% circulation & services

–

1,340sqm

=

4,020sqm

Total proposed covered area –

4,020sqm

Site area (land)

–

26,294sqm

=

0.1529

❖ Total covered area =

+ Total

❖ Proposed F.A.R. usage =

/

Proposed F.A.R.

❖ The programme integrates full comparisons between 2 case studies for each type of building/space and it covers all the major requirements suitable for the project. ❖ Proposed F.A.R. “0.1529” is under the permissible limits as per all the local and national, applicable building rules and regulations. ❖ Hence, the above formed Programme for the group of buildings is implimentable as per the rules and regulations. ❖ The Programme is good for concept formation.

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CONCEPT & DESIGN CRITERIA

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6.1 CONCEPT 6.1.1 TYPICAL HIMACHALI VILLAGE:

Figure 218 - Typical Himachali Villages

-

Community spaces: Located in central space.

-

Dwelling Units (Houses): Rectangular blocks with various orientations.

-

Streets: Various thickness, large slopes, curvilinear.

-

Family Courtyards: Located near all units.

-

Three regions: Kangra, Shimla & Mandi

-

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6.1.2 AXIAL PLANNING:

Figure 219 - Axial Planning

DEFINITION: In architecture, a plan in which the parts of a building are organized longitudinally, or along a given axis.

Various elements of the Projects such as Interpretation centre and Museum Building are connected with a Straight line forming an Axial view and ease of movement.

6.1.3 VALLEY & MOUNTAIN: The planning of the project is done in such a way that the existing contours are not too much disturbed at the same time there is a formation of valley in the centre and mountains around that valley.

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6.1.3 REGIONS OF HIMACHAL: The design especially of Kalagram is based on 3 major regions of Himachal Pradesh.

• Kangra-Chamba Region • Shimla-Kinaur Region • Mandi-Kullu-Manali Region

The Regions are definite and have a different type of Gate

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DRAWINGS

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Ranjan Lohia Bachelor of Architecture 2016-21 Indo Global College of Architecture (IGCA) affiliated to I.K.G. Punjab Technical University

ranjanlohia@gmail.com

+91-8800970210 linkedin.com/in/ranjan-lohia-51254810

@ranjanlohia

instagram.com/ranjan.lohia

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