Historical Garden Landscape Study

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Historical Garden Study

Rahman Ali Khan 17arb566 Department of Architecture

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Brooklyn Botanic Garden Villa D’Este Garden

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VISITORS CENTRE ( MAIN ENTRANCE)

Common fate, Continuity, Figure and Ground, Similarity, Closure

Project Brief

Brooklyn Botanic Garden Location: 990 Washington Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, United States Landscape Architect: Harold Caparn Project Area: 52 Acres Brooklyn Botanic Garden is a botanical garden in the borough of Brooklyn, New York City. It was founded in 1910 and is located in Mount Prospect Park in central Brooklyn, adjacent to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Museum. The 52-acre (21 ha) garden holds over 14,000 species of plants and has nearly a million visitors each year. It includes a number of specialty "gardens within the Garden", plant collections, the Steinhardt Conservatory that houses the C. V. Starr Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron-and-glass aquatic plant house, and an art gallery.

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Balance

Placed over the Higher Contour of the site. To provide enlarge view to the visitors.

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Site Elements: PLANTATION, PATHWAYS, LIGHTING, STEPS, FURNITURE Site Elements: PLANTATION, PATHWAYS, LIGHTING, FURNITURE Cherry blossom Garden trees forms a kind of canopy STEPS, hence the place seems

Symmetry

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like a guided seamless path or a cathedral. Ceremonies and functions are organised here.

Site Elements: PAVING, PATHWAYS,CANOPIES, STEPS, WATERBODIES

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rhythm

Hierarchy

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Structures and Conservatories are placed majorly on the south east direction to gain maximum sunlight and to lit the structures throughout the day.

Site Elements: LIGHTS, PATHWAYS, CONSERVATORYG, STEPS, FURNITURE

Repetition

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Symmetry

Site Elements: LIGHTS, STEPS, FURNITURE, FOUNTAINS,STEPS, FENCES

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6 The Basic principle of the site design is to create small micro climates within the site to accommodate various species of plants and conserve them according to their horticultural need. Principles: Symmetry, Continuity, Closure, Common fate, Figure and ground, similarity, Proximity.

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COMPONENT OF PLANTING DESIGN: Engineering: plants are placed near the water body to avoid soil erosion in rainy season.

Horticulture: various species which have high water requirements are placed along the water boundaries.

Architectural: Torii gate along with dense pines create the spatial boundary along the pond and create various spaces through shrubs and hedges.

Aesthetics: A combination of evergreen and deciduous create a interesting view throughout the year.

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Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden

COMPONENT OF PLANTING DESIGN: ▪

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Engineering: Various plants are placed on the toxic soil to decrease the soil toxin level.

Horticulture: This wet land chunk holds Many of the species, such as black tupelo, can handle both wet and dry conditions.

Architectural: Various Pathways and wooden gates are installed to create virtual entrances.

Aesthetics: Various different grasses create virtual ground along with shrubs with different blooms creates appealing view.

SPECIES USED

PRINCIPLES USED

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Fragrance Garden

Engineering: Plants having lower height scented flowers are used along with braille labels to support specially abled visitors.

Horticulture: Scented and short height plants are arranged in oval layout.

Architectural: Various Pre cast Benches and water bodies are used to enhance architectural features.

Aesthetics: Interesting textures in pavement and various herbs create virtual interest . Generally this garden use to serve for childrens.

Site Elements: PLANTATION, STEPS, CANOPIES, STEPS, GREEN ROOFS

Cherry blossoms (Symmetry, Continuity)

Cherry blossom trees are works as Articulators that guided path.

Continuity, Closure, Figure and Ground,

1. Black tupelo: Water holding & shade 2. sedges and rushes: Can survive scorching sun and avoid water algae growth 3. Hibiscus: Aesthetics 4. Siberian iris: Aesthetics

SPECIES USED

Site Entrance And visitors centre are located on the eastern end of the side to welcome morning sun and gain natural light through out the day.

Similarity, Figure and Ground, Continuity, Closure, Common Fate

Water Garden COMPONENT OF PLANTING DESIGN:

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PRINCIPLES USED

Different Cherry Blossoms Species: (Japanese culture) 1. Prunus subhirtella ‘Pendula’ 2. Prunus serrulata ‘Shogetsu’ 3. Prunus ‘Accolade’ 4. Prunus ‘Shirotae’

SPECIES USED

Artificial Japanese and hill garden is the site lowest contour and place supporting entrance view of the garden.

Site Elements: WATERBODIES, PAVING, PLANTATION, MINIATURE BODIES

Site Plan

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Rest Areas are placed near the Humid and most comfortable areas of the site to gain comfort.

PRINCIPLES USED

1.Citrus limon: Olfactory purpose 2. Lantana camara (lantana): Aesthetic purpose to get different blooms throughout the year.

3. Salvia officinalis: have smooth touch to feel 4. Lagurus ovatus: bunny tail appearance attracts kids

The Torii Gate is placed inside the pond to work as Accent element and gain attention.

Symmetry, Continuity, Figure ground, Similarity, Closure, Proximity

Plants Here Used to create Closure And divide spaces according to need.

Concrete monolithic structures (Continuity, Figure ground Closure) Wooden Torii gate (Figure ground, Continuity) Unified Paved stone path of Concrete (Continuity, Closure, Figure and ground) Closed Boundaries by shrubs (Symmetry, Continuity, Common fate) Miniature paths and bridges (Figure and Ground)

Various group of shrubs and trees form archi. continuation between building and site.

Pathways and Shrubs are Created a Uniform Composition and form unity with ground.

Both Evergreen and Deciduous trees are placed to add visual interest.

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HUNDRED FOUNTAIN SPOUTS WALKWAY

Symmetry, Closure, Figure and ground

Project Brief

Villa D’Este Garden

VILLA D’ESTE TIVOLI

Location: Piazza Trento, 5, 00019 Tivoli RM, Italy Landscape Architect: Alberto Galvani Project Area: 4.5 Hectares The Villa D'Este is a 16th-century villa in Tivoli, near Rome, famous for its terraced hillside Italian Renaissance garden and especially for its profusion of fountains. It is now an Italian state museum, and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The villa has 51 fountains, 368 spouts, 364 jets, 64 waterfalls and 220 basins. Water are fed by an intricate network of tunnels, canals and pipes, without a single pump.

The imposing constructions and the series of terraces above terraces bring to mind the hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the wonders of the ancient world. The addition of water- including an aqueduct tunneling beneath the city – evokes the engineering skill of the Romans themselves.

SITE PLAN

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W.C. Bars, restaurants and bookshops

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12 Gran Loggia and view of the Garden 13 Fountain of Leda and Tripod 14 Fountain of Europa and Pegasus 15 Cardinal Walk, Loggia of Pandora and "Bicchierone" 16 Fountain of Tivoli or Oval Fountain 17 Hundred Fountains 18 Fountain of the Organ 19 Fountain of the Dragons 20 Fish Ponds 21 Fountain of Neptune 22 Rotonda of the Cypresses 23 Fountain of Diana of Ephesus (Mother Nature) 24 "Mete Sudanti", Stairs of "Bollori" 25 Fountain of the Owl 26 Fountain of "Rometta" 27 Grotto of Diana and Vialone 28 Loggia and Corridor of the Long Sleeve

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Repetition

Hierarchy

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Symmetry

Villa is generally placed higher on the citadel part of the site in Renaissance to get clear view and to show social status.

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Site Elements: PLANTATION, PATHWAYS, STEPS, FURNITURE, STATUES

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The main water source is placed on eastern end of site to gain water access from Aniene River. Channeled water originally entered at the great oval fountain and then distribute to other gardens through pipe system.

Site Elements: WATER BODIES, FOUNTAINS, STATUES, SPOUTS, PATHS

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This south western portion of the site is attached to the mountain plateaus, To add interest the Grotto of Diana Fountains is cut inside the mountain and various niches are created and statues of roman gods are placed in them.

Site Elements: FOUNTAINS, SPOUTS, STATUES, STEPS, NICHES, PAVING

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The hundred fountain walkway provides the resting place near cool and comfortable portion of site The stepped design also creates a graceful change in the view and also add interest

Site Elements: PLANTATION, FOUNTAINS, BENCHES, PATHWAY, STEPS

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The lowest point of the site is used as fish ponds in three divisions to store water and to support living creatures surviving on the site.

Site Elements: PONDS, FOUNTAINS, FURNITURE, STEPS, WALKWAYS

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Site entrance is placed on the northern end which is considered good in Renaissance period also the narrow entrance is adopt to provide sudden grand view of the villa.

Site Elements: CANOPIES, PLANTATION, STEPS, PAVING, STATUES

Basic Principle of Site Design The true essence of Villa d'Este is liquid and Natures celebration with water, along with life-giver Gods and Goddesses of Roman civilization. The garden is a representation of the landscape between Tivoli and Rome in microcosm, from the Tiburtine hills represented by the Tivoli Fountain to the Rometta Fountain representing Rome itself. The fountains, decorations and statuary were based on the myths and themes of classical culture. Principles: Symmetry, Continuity, Closure, Common fate, Figure and ground, similarity.

path

Balance

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COMPONENT OF PLANTING DESIGN: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

OVAL FOUNATIN

COMPONENT OF PLANTING DESIGN: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

HUNDRED FOUNTAINS WALKWAY

Engineering: Here Various plants are used to Stabilizes the slope along the oval fountain and Hydraulic system is used to complete water demands.

Horticulture: Tall tress of cypresses are placed in oval shape to provide shadow and adapt the site climate.

Architectural: The short height shrubs and stone Benches forms a unique space for sitting.

Aesthetics: Umbrella pines and various other evergreen trees and shrubs are used to add visual interest.

SPECIES USED 1.

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Engineering: Long Continuous Hedges are placed to 1. hide water pipes and spouts inside them.

Horticulture: Plants that can maintain cool environment are placed here to create comfortable 2. sitting space Architectural: Form Good sitting space with view of both oval and Grotto of Diana Fountain.

Aesthetics: Long Cypresses are placed to create 3. variation in heights and hierarchy.

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Stone Ramps Fish Pond

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Similarity, Figure and Ground, Continuity, Closure, Symmetry, Proximity Triple fish ponds and Fountains are works as an Articulator for the path

Stone Pool (Closure, Symmetry, Figure ground) Stone Statues with paved pathways (Symmetry, Continuity, Common fate)

PRINCIPLES USED

Stone pine: To Provide shade to the sitting area and to withstand bright sun.

Espalers of Citron: these climbers are used to blend the stone wall with the landscape Thym Hedges: To Create Boundary.

Hyacinths: Aesthetics

Horizontal Section of a Garden

Stone paved pathways (Symmetry, Continuity. Figure and ground, similarity, closure)

PRINCIPLES USED

Cypresses: To hold the soil on the slop.

Saffron shrubs: To provide aesthetically pleasing background to fountain.

Harcissi herbs: Aesthetics Umbrella Pines :To provide Combination of evergreen and deciduous

SPECIES USED

Villa

Symmetry, Figure & ground, Continuity, Common Fate, Similarity

The small hedges and plantation divide the spaces and work as Closure within the site.

Stone Spouts and statues (Continuity) The oval shape Water Fountain Create the focus for viewers and work as Accent element.

View shows the Architectural Continuation through Various Site Elements.

Department of Architecture, AMU