Covering of plagiarism in UK

Draft Report Concerning Allegations of Research Misconduct Complainant: Dr R Sklyar Respondents: Dr H Prance Dr P Watson Professor R J Prance Dr S T Beardsmore-Rust !

D J Mynors Summary

Under the University of Sussex’s Procedure for the Investigation of Allegations of Misconduct in Research, September 2012. The conclusion of this investigation is: the ! of misconduct in research is unfounded, because it is mistaken or is frivolous or is allegation otherwise without substance, and willDbeJdismissed (paragraph 62 i, of the Procedure).

Mynors

Contents 1.0 Background

1

2.0 The Two Questions

1

3.0 Conclusion

2

Patent Cover Sheet

3

1.0 Background Dr Sklyar e-mailed a complaint to various people within the University of Sussex and senior people at the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council including Professor David Delpy its Chief Executive.

The complaint being that: ‘The method of orientation in an ambient electromagnetic field which was described in the paper “Position and movement sensing at metre standoff distances using ambient electric field” by H Prance, P Watson, R J Prance and S T Beardsmore-Rust and supported under grant no EP/E042864/1 had been stolen from my paper titled “Machine Perception Through Natural Intelligence” (DOI - 0.4236/pos.2011.22007);…’

Source: Dr Sklyar’s email of 12 March 2013

The paper by Prance et al was submitted to the academic journal Measurement Science and Technology in June 2012; the paper authored by Sklyar to the journal Positioning in December 2010.

As part of the documentation associated with the complaint Dr Sklyar provided a table of seven sections, containing a total of 11 items, described as similar elements between the two papers.

Dr Sklyar also provided a range of publications covering the core material contained within his paper cited above. The earliest being a conference paper presented at CLAWAR 2004, the 7th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines.

The two questions that need to be considered are: 1. Are the 11 tabulated elements described as similar, truly similar?

2. If the 11 elements are similar, what standing has the date of 2004?

2.0 The Two questions 2.1 Question 1 1.

Are the 11 tabulated elements described as similar, truly similar?

The wording for all 11 elements is very similar in the description of location and movement determination, and hence field fluctuation measurement. However, the Sklyar paper refers to magnetic field fluctuations while the paper by Prance et al refers to electric field fluctuations.

Dr Sklyar’s premise for his complaint appears to be based on the assumption that magnetic and electric fields are interchangeable.

Magnetic and electric fields are coupled as described by Maxwell’s Equations of ~1862.

The four equations provide a model, electromagnetic theory, that describes the interaction between electric and magnetic fields, how they propagate, and the effect of the environment and objects on the fields. However, the two fields are very different in form as illustrated by the differing equation forms required to describe the electric field and magnetic fields. Hence, although linked the fields are different and the assumption by Dr Sklyar that the terms and hence characteristics are interchangeable is invalid. The 11 elements are NOT truly similar. "! !

2.2 Question 2 2. If the 11 elements are similar, what standing has the date of 2004?

Although the conclusion arising from the answer of Question 1 is that the 11 elements are NOT similar, for completeness Question 2 will be considered.

There appears to be a number of papers covering the subject under question prior to 2004 including: T G Zimmerman, J R Smith, J A Paradise, D Allport, N Gershenfeld.

Applying Electric Field Sensing to Human-Computer Interfaces. May 7-11 1995 - CHI' 95 MOSAIC OF CREATIVITY pp 280-287.

In addition, on the 9th December 2002, Clark, Prance and Harland filed patent EP 1 451 595 B1 (Priority date, 7 December 2001), within which under the heading ‘Remote sensing’ the following application was listed: ‘Motion detection - detection of movement of dielectric objects in a static electric field.’

Patent cover sheet contained at the end of this report.

Hence, the detection of objects using the electric component of electromagnetic waves had been described and patents filed prior to 2004 and thus, the date of 2004 has no standing.

3.0 Conclusion The answers to the two questions posed demonstrate that the work of Prance et al, has not been stolen from Dr Sklyar’s work.

Hence, the conclusion drawn at the end of this investigation is that the allegation of misconduct in research is unfounded, because it is mistaken or is frivolous or is otherwise without substance, and will be dismissed.

"! !

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