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Personality 10th Edition Jerry Burger Test Bank

richard@qwconsultancy.com

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1. When we look closely at the reactions of people to the same situation, we see a. evidence that most people behave in typical ways. b. that people are more alike than they are different. c. each individual’s personality is overwhelmed by the demands of the situation. d. that characteristic differences between people begin to emerge. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Person and the Situation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/28/2017 6:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/28/2017 6:56 AM 2. The more closely we look at the characteristic ways people deal with emotional situations, the more we a. begin to see how people are much the same. b. see that people are not alike. c. how each individual’s responses are overwhelmed by the demands of the situation. d. understand where the personality comes from. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Person and the Situation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/28/2017 6:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/28/2017 6:56 AM

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3. Which of the following statements is an axiom that best reflects the personality psychologist’s point of view? a. “People are the same the world over.” b. “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their passions a quotation.” c. “There are few differences between people, but what differences there are, really matter.” d. “Life is like a box of chocolates: you never know what you’ll get.” ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Person and the Situation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/28/2017 6:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/28/2017 6:56 AM 4. Which of the following statements best describes the study of personality? a. Personality psychologists are interested in how people react to different situations. b. Personality psychologists now recognize that early explanations of personality, such as Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, are incorrect. c. Personality psychologists are interested in consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual. d. Personality psychologists are interested in the consistent behavior patterns caused either by something about the person or by placing the person in the same situation. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Defining Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/28/2017 6:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/28/2017 6:56 AM

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3. According to the “law of parsimony,” a. a good theory generates a large number of hypotheses. b. the best theory is the one that explains a phenomenon with the fewest constructs. c. hypotheses are generated from theories. d. theories should require as few studies as possible to support them. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hypothesis-Testing Approach QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theories and Hypotheses KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 11:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 11:58 AM 4. Which saying is the best summary for the law of parsimony? a. What’s good for one might not be good for another. b. Don’t judge a book by its cover. c. Keep it simple. d. Don’t believe everything you read. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hypothesis-Testing Approach QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theories and Hypotheses KEYWORDS: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 11:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 11:58 AM

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5. Which of the following statements is true about theories in personality psychology? a. A good theory generates testable hypotheses. b. A theory proves the relationship between constructs or events. c. The best theory is the one that explains a phenomenon with a large number of constructs. d. There is no way to statistically validate a theory, so theories are accepted or rejected based on opinion. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hypothesis-Testing Approach QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theories and Hypotheses KEYWORDS: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 11:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 11:58 AM 6. A researcher maintains that a person’s self-esteem level is largely inherited from his or her parents. From this, she derives the prediction that children with low self-esteem probably come from homes where one or both parents have low self-esteem. In this case, the formal prediction is the a. theory. b. hypothesis. c. independent variable. d. dependent variable. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hypothesis-Testing Approach QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theories and Hypotheses KEYWORDS: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 11:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 11:58 AM

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7. A formal prediction about the relationship between two or more variables that is logically derived from a theory is called a(n) a. correlation. b. variable. c. assumption. d. hypothesis ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hypothesis-Testing Approach QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theories and Hypotheses KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 11:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 11:58 AM 8. Personality researchers take steps to discover the nature of personality in which order? a. Generate hypotheses, evaluate data, speculate b. Generate hypotheses, collect data, evaluate data c. Collect data, evaluate data, speculate d. Speculate, collect data, generate hypotheses ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hypothesis-Testing Approach QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theories and Hypotheses KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 11:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 11:58 AM

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9. The sequence researchers move through when using the hypothesis-testing approach are a. prediction, theory, test. b. theory, prediction, test. c. test, prediction, theory. d. prediction, test, theory. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hypothesis-Testing Approach QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theories and Hypotheses KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 11:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 11:58 AM 10. When conducting personality research, in most cases, a researcher should a. begin with a theory from which the hypothesis is derived. b. wait until the results are in before deciding what the hypothesis is. c. use the most recent personality tests available. d. wait until seeing the data before deciding which theory the results support. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hypothesis-Testing Approach QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theories and Hypotheses KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 11:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 11:58 AM

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37. A businesswoman is upset with her husband. She channels this anger into her work and increases her productivity dramatically. This tendency to refocus an unacceptable or threatening impulse into a socially acceptable outlet is the defense mechanism called ________. a. sublimation b. displacement c. reaction formation d. projection ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Freudian Theory of Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Defense Mechanisms KEYWORDS: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 12:10 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 12:12 PM 38. Repression is an __________ effort by the ego to push out threatening material out of consciousness or to keep the material from ever reaching consciousness. a. occasional b. organic c. active d. irrational ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Freudian Theory of Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Defense Mechanisms KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 12:10 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 12:12 PM

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39. A man becomes a leader in a crusade promoting sexual morality. A year later, he is arrested for a variety of sex crimes. Freud might have interpreted the man’s earlier behavior as an example of the psychological defense mechanism called a. repression. b. denial. c. reaction formation. d. projection. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Freudian Theory of Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Defense Mechanisms KEYWORDS: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 12:10 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 12:12 PM 40. Suppose you use one of the defense mechanisms described by Freud significantly more than any of the others. If you are a well adjusted and productive person, which defense mechanism would that probably be? a. Repression b. Sublimation c. Displacement d. Reaction formation ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Freudian Theory of Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Defense Mechanisms KEYWORDS: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 12:10 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 12:12 PM

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41. Freud identified each of the stages of development according to a. the primary erogenous zone during that stage. b. how much energy is fixated at the stage. c. the extent to which the ego and superego are able to influence the child’s behavior. d. the extent to which id impulses are repressed by the ego. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Freudian Theory of Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Psychosexual Stages of Development KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 12:10 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 12:12 PM 42. According to Freud, fixation results in a. adult personality characteristics related to the stage at which the fixation occurred. b. an increase in the amount of psychic energy available to the adult ego. c. either castration anxiety or penis envy, depending on the gender of the child. d. an increase in Freudian slips. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Freudian Theory of Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Psychosexual Stages of Development KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 12:10 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 12:12 PM

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43. Nathan is 37 years old. He smokes and drinks excessively and is constantly putting his hand to his mouth. What might Freud have said about Nathan? a. Nathan had an excessive amount of psychic energy fixated during the resolution of his Oedipus complex. b. Nathan had some traumatic experiences that led to an oral personality. c. Nathan has a weak superego. d. Nathan has not yet resolved his Oedipus complex. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Freudian Theory of Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Psychosexual Stages of Development KEYWORDS: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 12:10 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 12:12 PM 44. Which of the following is the most important (and potentially most traumatic) developmental task of Freud’s anal stage of psychosexual development? a. Overcoming the Oedipus complex b. Discovering masturbation c. Weaning from breastfeeding d. Toilet training ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Freudian Theory of Personality QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Defense Mechanisms KEYWORDS: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 12:10 PM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 12:12 PM

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45. A woman shows no interest in socializing with other people. How might a behaviorist explain this behavior? a. The woman does not believe that she can interact effectively with other people. b. The woman has not been reinforced enough for engaging in social behavior or she has been reinforced for keeping to herself. c. The woman experiences anxiety in social situations and uses her asocial style as a defense against this anxiety. d. The woman is either high in social anxiety or low in sociability. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Application: Conditioning Principles and Self-Efficacy in Psychotherapy QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Using Conditioning Principles in Psychotherapy KEYWORDS: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 6:45 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 6:56 AM 46. According to Bandura, behavior therapy procedures a. are most effective when used in conjunction with other types of treatments. b. provide people with a method to change themselves once they have decided to do so. c. are not as effective as behavior therapists claim. d. are no more effective than providing clients with no treatment. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Application: Conditioning Principles and Self-Efficacy in Psychotherapy QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Using Conditioning Principles in Psychotherapy KEYWORDS: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 6:45 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 6:56 AM

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47. A behavioral therapist wants to teach a client to relax. The therapist wants to teach the client to pay attention to when his muscles are tense. However, the client complains that he cannot tell when his muscles are tense. What type of treatment will the therapist probably try? a. Systematic desensitization b. Aversion therapy c. Shock therapy d. Biofeedback ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Application: Conditioning Principles and Self-Efficacy in Psychotherapy QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Using Conditioning Principles in Psychotherapy KEYWORDS: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 6:45 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 6:56 AM 48. Which of the following treatments for problem behaviors would be an application of operant conditioning? a. Aversion therapy b. Systematic desensitization c. Biofeedback d. All of these are correct ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Application: Conditioning Principles and Self-Efficacy in Psychotherapy QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Using Conditioning Principles in Psychotherapy KEYWORDS: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/30/2017 6:45 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/30/2017 6:56 AM

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