Transition to Professional Nursing Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Transition to Professional Nursing is designed to facilitate the smooth progression of students from the role of student to that of a practicing professional nurse. The course emphasizes the development of critical thinking, clinical judgment, ethical decision-making, and effective communication skills necessary for providing high-quality patient care. Through an exploration of nursing theories, evidence-based practice, interdisciplinary collaboration, leadership responsibilities, and legal and regulatory frameworks, students will gain insight into the multifaceted nature of professional nursing. This course also addresses contemporary issues affecting the profession, including cultural competence, advocacy, and the importance of lifelong learning, preparing graduates for successful entry into the dynamic healthcare environment.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Medical Surgical Nursing 6th Edition by Linton
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56 Chapters
1705 Verified Questions
1705 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Health Care System
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 66-year-old hospitalized patient is anxious about how the physician will be paid now that he is on Medicare-Parts A and B,instead of his previous privately funded insurance plan.The nurse explains that the physician will be paid by:
A) Previous privately funded insurance plan
B) Medicare Part A
C) Medicare Part B
D) Patient or patient's family
Answer: C
Q2) The nurse assures the parents of a newborn with a congenital heart defect that the home care for their child is eased and supported by:
A) Availability of smaller and more compact equipment
B) Specialized DRGs for home care of children
C) Medicaid-funded home care services
D) Home care services funded by private insurance
E) Grants and stipends from various drug manufacturers
Answer: A,B,C,D
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Chapter 2: Patient Care Settings
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26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The home health nurse,while in the home to change a decubitus dressing,notices that the wound has a musky odor and is weepier than the last visit,2 days earlier.Prioritize these nursing interventions for this situation:
A) Contact the case manager.
B) Assess the patient's entire skin, vital signs, and be prepared to describe the wound findings.
C) Cleanse the decubitus area well, and redress the wound.
D) Chart the appearance of the decubitus completely.
E) Assess the patient's mobility.
Answer: B,C,E,D,A
The decubitus finding is important to communicate to the case manager but not until the nurse at the bedside has fully assessed the patient,signs and symptoms,vital signs,and other areas of change that need to be promptly communicated.Then,the case manager will be able to give directions for further care.
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Chapter 3: Legal and Ethical Considerations
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The LPN/LVN may exhibit beneficence by:
A) Removing a defective equipment from the patient's room
B) Willingly working extra shifts during a staff shortage
C) Adhering to agency policy
D) Joining the National Association for Practical Nurse Education & Service (NAPNES) and attending educational seminars
Answer: A
Q2) One obstetric nurse remarks,"I don't see how these young single women can keep on having babies without being married.Everyone knows a child needs a father." This nurse is exhibiting:
A) Ethnocentrism
B) Moral uncertainty
C) Values clarification
D) Professional concern
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Leadership Role of the Licensed Practical
Nurse
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26 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A case conference is called to plan for a patient who has caused stress in the staff with constant calls and trivial requests.The nurse leader expresses personal views,leads the discussion about approaches to the problem,and then makes the decision for care based on the discussion.This leadership style is an example of:
A) Autocratic
B) Democratic
C) Laissez-faire
D) Participative
Q2) The professional nurse has the skills and knowledge to direct the care provided by other staff through the nursing care organization of:
A) Primary nursing
B) Functional nursing
C) Rehabilitative nursing
D) Team nursing
Q3) The task to which nurse aides may be delegated is:
A) Updating a nursing care plan
B) Developing a teaching plan
C) Weighing a patient
D) Evaluating pain medication responses
6
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Chapter 5: The Nurse-Patient Relationship
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is careful to perform each procedure in the same step-by-step manner because such consistency in care will:
A) Ensure that no step is omitted.
B) Guarantee complete safety.
C) Build confidence in the nurse's competence.
D) Save time.
Q2) A nurse is assigned to a patient who has been a very close family friend for many years.To maintain a therapeutic relationship under these circumstances,it would be appropriate for the nurse to tell the patient:
A) "Don't worry about a thing. I will see that extra care is given to you on the other shifts, because you are my friend."
B) "You may feel uncomfortable about my caring for you. Although everything that happens here is considered to be confidential, would you prefer another caregiver?"
C) "This is a very busy unit, but I will make sure that you get lots of attention, and I will come back after my shift to help you."
D) "I'm so sorry that you are hospitalized; but I will tell all my friends to take special care of you for me."
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Cultural Aspects of Nursing Care
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient of Chinese descent is in the community clinic for treatment of his arthritis.The patient tells the nurse that his disease is a "hot disease." The nurse assesses that he is referring to the hot-cold theory,which holds that hot diseases are caused by:
A) His body's reaction to hot weather
B) Excessive blood and yellow bile
C) Invasion of hot or evil thoughts, causing his body to react
D) Overeating cold foods
Q2) The nurse learns at report that the patient is a member of a Seventh-Day Adventist group.At mealtime,which of the following trays should be served to this patient?
A) Corn flakes with whole milk, cranberry and orange juices, buttered muffin, and coffee
B) Mixed salad with chunks of chicken, potato salad, orange juice, and a small apple
C) Scrambled eggs and crisp bacon, melon slice, wheat toast, and hot tea
D) Broiled flounder, scalloped potatoes, yellow squash, green bean salad, rice pudding, and coffee
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Chapter 7: The Nurse and the Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is aware that families in later life must master the significant developmental task of:
A) Becoming role models for their grandchildren
B) Making a significant contribution to society
C) Abandoning the parental role to grown children
D) Maintaining a satisfactory living arrangement
Q2) The nurse reminds the patient that functional patterns of communication in the family setting provide a means of:
A) Nurturing
B) Information
C) Closeness
D) Openness
Q3) According to the latest Census Bureau report,most families in the United States are:
A) Nontraditional
B) Blended
C) Multigenerational
D) Traditional
Q4) The nurse includes the family in patient care to maintain the family's
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Chapter 8: Health and Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse gives the example of when an individual becomes frightened and experiences increased heart rate and mental activity,along with increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles and dilated pupils,the person is experiencing an alarm reaction that helps the body defend against stressors.This alarm reaction is the:
A) Positive feedback response
B) Negative feedback response
C) Fight-or-flight response
D) Homeostasis response
Q2) When an individual seeks help from family,friends,or a community resource during a time of stress,the nurse assesses that this is an example of which response?
A) Internal
B) External
C) Physiologic
D) Psychologic
Q3) The nurse explains that the patient who is taking Valium for a nervous disorder but is also taking passion flower tablets to combat symptoms is using a combination of traditional and alternative therapy that is called ____________________.
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Chapter 9: Nutrition
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45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The villi absorb the nutrients from the small intestine into the:
A) Large intestine
B) Blood and liver
C) Gallbladder and liver
D) Lymph and kidneys
Q2) Complete proteins are found in:
A) Poultry, milk, and eggs
B) Grains, legumes, and seeds
C) Nuts, beans, and corn
D) Breads, beans, and vegetables
Q3) The nurse cautions a teenager who is following a severe fad diet that only allows 80 grams of carbohydrate a day that continuing on this diet can result in:
A) Alkalosis
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Ketosis
D) Hypernatremia
Q4) The nurse points out that the cellulose found in celery and lettuce is a source of
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Chapter 10: Developmental Processes
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29 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse recommends to a 25-year-old man who is getting a tetanus booster that he should plan to have his next booster:
A) Next year
B) In 2 years
C) In 5 years
D) In 10 years
Q2) By the age of 35,young adults should think about:
A) Leaving home and establishing their own lives.
B) Establishing career goals.
C) New career paths.
D) Health promotion for the prevention of chronic disease.
Q3) Young adulthood is a time in which an individual:
A) Earns most of his or her money, pays most of the taxes, and has most of the power in business.
B) Settles down to a career, raises a family, and takes on new responsibilities.
C) Experiences personal freedom, and enjoys maximum influence over others.
D) Focuses on many adjustments that must be made to physiologic, psychologic, and social changes.
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Chapter 11: The Older Patient
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the patient holds his Bible 6 inches from his face and turns his head to read out of the corner of his eyes,the nurse suspects that the patient is developing:
A) Cataracts
B) Glaucoma
C) Presbyopia
D) Macular degeneration
Q2) The term old age or aged can best be defined as:
A) Person's state of mind
B) Person older than 65 years of age
C) Process of growing older
D) Person of advanced age
Q3) Aging is recognized by gerontologists as a developmental process that:
A) Is measured in chronologic years.
B) Is directly related to heredity.
C) Relates to behavioral characteristics.
D) Begins at the time of birth.
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13
Chapter 12: The Nursing Process and Critical Thinking
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the postsurgical patient complains of shortness of breath,the nurse should immediately:
A) Raise the head of the bed to 30 degrees.
B) Take vital signs.
C) Perform a focused assessment.
D) Inform the charge nurse.
Q2) Critical thinking is an integral part of the nursing process because it:
A) Promotes flexibility and individualized care.
B) Incorporates decision making.
C) Includes the patient in part of the nursing process.
D) Provides guidelines of care.
Q3) Problem-oriented medical records (POMRs):
A) Focus on patient response to treatment.
B) Is source-oriented charting.
C) Reflect the patient's current problems.
D) Focus on medical diagnosis.
Q4) The nurse who exhibits an open minded,professionally curious,mature and self confident approach to care would be considered a ________________
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Chapter 13: Inflammation, infection, and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The school nurse cautions a group of parents about children playing barefoot on dirt that may lead them to be exposed to infections caused by:
A) Helminthes
B) Protozoa
C) Rickettsiae
D) Mycoplasmas
Q2) The school nurse is required to report to the health department all cases of:
A) Rubella
B) Lyme disease
C) Pediculosis
D) Salmonella
E) Clostridium difficile
Q3) The nurse is aware that wound healing can be enhanced with the administration of vitamin:
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
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Chapter 14: Fluids and Electrolytes
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse clarifies that electrolytes,such as sodium and potassium (K+),break down into smaller particles when dissolved and are called:
A) Cells
B) Elements
C) Ions
D) Molecules
Q2) The K? laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L.The nurse will assess the patient closely for:
A) Excessive thirst
B) Irregular heartbeat
C) Swelling of ankles
D) Frightening hallucinations
Q3) When the nurse hangs an IV bag with Na?,K?,and Cl?,he or she is aware that ________ are being administered.
A) Nutrients
B) Electrolytes
C) Enzymes
D) Vitamins
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Chapter 15: Pain Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two patients are hospitalized with the same diagnosis,but one is 23 years old,with acute recent pain from an injury,and the other is 64 years old,with pain of long-standing duration of several years.The difference in anticipated assessment is which of the following?
A) Acute pain for young patients is more intense at the same level, but these patients experience few changes in vital signs.
B) Young patients with acute pain exhibit fewer changes in vital signs but still report true levels of pain at levels 8 to 10.
C) Older adult patients with chronic pain exhibit increased changes in vital signs and report levels of pain lower than reality.
D) Older adult patients with chronic pain usually report lower levels of pain much less severe than they really are.
Q2) In performing a pain assessment,the LPN/LVN would follow which steps?
A) Assess vital signs, status of pain, and aggravating factors.
B) Assess location, quality, and intensity on an identified scale.
C) Assess the intensity on an identified scale and record findings.
D) Assess vital signs and location, and report to the RN.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: First Aid, emergency Care, and Disaster Management
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse reviews the changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)techniques as recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA),which include:
A) Compress the chest 100 times a minute.
B) Depress the chest at least1 inch.
C) Before compressions, administer three strong breaths.
D) Elevate the patient's hips.
Q2) When the accident victim comes to the emergency department with an open chest wound,the nurse should apply to the wound:
A) Occlusive dressing taped on four sides
B) Tight Ace bandage wrap
C) No dressing of any sort
D) Vented dressing, taped on three sides
Q3) A mother brings in her 2-year-old who has ingested gasoline 1 hour earlier.After initial assessment,the nurse will:
A) Prepare to administer syrup of ipecac.
B) Turn the patient on his or her stomach to induce vomiting.
C) Prepare to administer Milk of Magnesia.
D) Prepare to administer bowel lavage and cathartics.
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Chapter 17: Surgical Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) The member of the surgical team who administers anesthetics and monitors the patient's status throughout the procedure is the:
A) Surgeon
B) Circulating nurse
C) Perfusionist
D) Anesthesiologist
Q2) The patient scheduled for a bronchoscopy is placed on an NPO status after midnight before the procedure.The patient is complaining of being thirsty and requests some water on the morning of the procedure.The nurse should:
A) Deny any oral fluid per order.
B) Allow 8 ounces of tap water.
C) Offer ice chips.
D) Administer only carbonated drinks.
Q3) The nurse discovers on the preoperative assessment that the patient has a condition that would require increased amounts of general anesthesia.The condition is
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Chapter 18: Intravenous Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse charts signs of infected phlebitis as:
A) Rupture of the cannula with a lump under the skin
B) Pale, cool skin with swelling at the puncture site
C) Firm, cool, raised, painful area at the puncture site; oozing and purulent drainage
D) Puncture site red, warm, with an oozing drainage
Q2) The physician orders a hypertonic IV for an extremely edematous patient.The nurse anticipates that the IV preparation will be:
A) D5W in NS
B) Lactated Ringer' solution
C) D5W in 0.25 NS
D) 10% glucose in water
Q3) The nurse assesses an area where an IV had been recently changed.The area has redness,swelling,and warmth,which are characteristics of:
A) Infiltration and air embolus
B) Inflammation and possible phlebitis
C) Blood loss and hemorrhage
D) Embolus from the former catheter
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Shock
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cool,damp skin of patients in compensatory shock is caused by:
A) Constriction of peripheral blood vessels because of the shunting of blood to the vital organs.
B) Action of the antidiuretic hormone released in shock by the adrenal glands.
C) Decreasing levels of arterial carbon dioxide, which are pooling in the arms and legs.
D) Activation of the baroreceptors in the renal arteries.
Q2) The nurse is administering heparin,subcutaneous twice daily,for a patient in cardiogenic shock.The expected action of this drug is as a(n):
A) Inotropic to improve cardiac contractibility
B) Anticoagulant to prevent blood clots
C) Antidysrhythmic to restore normal cardiac contractibility
D) Vasopressor to increase blood pressure
Q3) In the compensatory stage of shock,the nurse would need to implement actions to care for the patient who is:
A) Irritable and restless
B) Listless and confused
C) Unconscious
D) Anxious and fearful
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21
Chapter 20: Falls
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is discussing the risk of falling with the family of a 75-year-old patient.The family asks,"Why are you so worried about her falling? She falls all the time and doesn't get hurt much." The nurse's response will be related to the fact that:
A) Falls are the most frequent cause of accidental injury and death among older adults.
B) Worrying is probably unnecessary because she hasn't been hurt in the past.
C) Falls usually occur in institutional settings.
D) Falls by older adults are not preventable.
Q2) The nurse visiting a patient in the patient's home assesses the environment for extrinsic risk factors for falling.The nurse should have the patient or family correct which one of the following?
A) No door thresholds are present.
B) The kitchen floor is clean, shiny, and slick.
C) Lamps have 60-watt bulbs.
D) The telephone is placed on the bedside table.
Q3) The nurse suggests that a resident who is at risk for falling come to the ________ ________ class to improve balance.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Immobility
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the family of an older adult patient who is unable to get out of bed.The nurse should instruct the family that the most effective way to prevent urinary incontinence associated with immobility is to:
A) Use absorbent under pads.
B) Set up a toileting program.
C) Restrict fluid intake to 500 ml per 24 hours.
D) Restrict fluids after dinner and throughout the night.
Q2) When a bacteria is localized at the site of a Stage III pressure ulcer,it is said to be_____________.
Q3) The nursing assistant is bathing a patient who has a stage I pressure ulcer on the right shoulder.The nurse reminds the nursing assistant that the tissue could become more damaged if she:
A) Positions the patient on the left side.
B) Massages the reddened area.
C) Cleans the area with mild soap and water.
D) Positions the patient in a prone position.
Q4) The home health nurse instructs a family about boosting the patient in bed so that a ____________________ type of skin injury will not occur.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Confusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In assessing a patient for the possibility of confusion,the nurse should keep in mind that the two major types of confusion are:
A) Acute and chronic senility
B) Temporary and permanent confusion
C) Delirium and dementia
D) Senility and senile dementia
Q2) A patient's presentation included confusion,which began very suddenly and lasted less than a week.The nurse should be able to identify this as:
A) Dementia
B) Acute confusion
C) Symptoms of Huntington disease
D) Senile dementia
Q3) When a normally oriented 87-year-old resident in a long-term care facility exhibits acute confusion,the nurse should first assess for a(n)____________________.
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Chapter 23: Incontinence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The patient,talking to the home health nurse about urinary incontinence,gives the nurse a list of the current medications.The nurse recognizes that the medication that could be contributing to the patient's urinary incontinence is:
A) Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
B) Diazepam (Valium)
C) Simvastatin (Zocor)
D) Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Q2) The patient with fecal incontinence should be taught the importance of maintaining good skin integrity.The nurse's teaching should focus on teaching the patient to:
A) Cleanse the perianal area thoroughly after each stool.
B) Use a fecal pouch.
C) Change incontinence undergarments once a day.
D) Take an over-the-counter laxative daily.
Q3) The nurse informs the patient that the uroflowmetry diagnostic tool measures:
A) Voiding duration
B) Specific gravity of urine
C) Effectiveness of the detrusor muscle
D) General bladder tone
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25
Chapter 24: Loss, death, and End-Of-Life Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) The wife of the patient who has just died states,"I hate all of you nurses and doctors for letting my husband die." The nurse recognizes this reaction as Martocchio's cluster of:
A) Shock and disbelief
B) Yearning and protest
C) Anguish, disorganization, and despair
D) Identification in bereavement
Q2) The nurse assesses a Protestant ethic in place with a family of a dying patient.Having assessed this,the nurse will plan the care to respect their feelings of:
A) Independence
B) Privacy
C) Open expressions of grief
D) Repression of feelings
E) Toughing it out
Q3) The nurse caring for the dying patient should understand the importance of:
A) Frequent, thorough physical assessments
B) Not imposing repeated and unnecessary assessments
C) Current, updated health history from the patient
D) Limiting the amount of visitors allowed
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Chapter 25: The Patient With Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse reminds a visitor to a patient who has an internal radiation implant to:
A) Avoid visitation if you are pregnant.
B) Take off all metals, such as your watch and belt.
C) Limit your visitation time.
D) Wear a protective lead apron.
E) Stay at least 6 feet away from bedside.
Q2) The nurse uses a diagram to show the progress of a normal cell being transformed to a malignant cell.The latent period before the period of rapid growth of tumors is the phase of:
A) Initiation
B) Promotion
C) Progression
D) Metastasis
Q3) The nurse assesses beginning acceptance of the diagnosis of cancer when the patient:
A) Begins to act in a cheerful manner.
B) Inquires about support groups.
C) Cries over loss of health.
D) Actively interacts with his or her family.
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Page 27
Chapter 26: The Patient With an Ostomy
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Sample Questions
Q1) To assist a colostomy patient in selecting an appropriate diet to reduce excess gas or diarrhea,the nurse would encourage the patient to choose:
A) Roast beef, mashed potatoes, peeled stewed tomatoes
B) Broiled pork chop, boiled potato, corn on the cob
C) Broiled trout, mashed potatoes, spinach
D) Barbeque pork on a white bun, coleslaw, French fries
Q2) The patient asks if rectal suppositories can be used to assist with constipation problems with his colostomy.The nurse clarifies that suppositories:
A) Can be used in double-barreled colostomies
B) Can be used in a stoma.
C) Should not ever be used in a colostomy
D) Will not penetrate well enough to relieve constipation
Q3) Because the colostomy patient continues to worry about odor,the nurse can allay those concerns by explaining that odor can be diminished by:
A) Piercing the top of the appliance bag with a pin to allow gas to escape
B) Rinsing the pouch in a vinegar solution
C) Wearing tight-fitting underwear
D) Improving personal hygiene
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28
Chapter 27: Neurologic Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The assessment indicating that mannitol therapy for cerebral edema is effective in a patient with increased ICP is:
A) Increased BP
B) Increased urinary output
C) Decreased pulse
D) Widening pulse pressure
Q2) In caring for the patient after a craniotomy,the nurse can help reduce ICP by:
A) Keeping the patient flat in bed.
B) Elevating the head of the bed 30 degrees.
C) Closely monitoring the IV rate.
D) Turning the patient to the right side.
Q3) In caring for an unconscious patient who suffered a head injury 10 days ago,the nurse positions the patient to prevent the limbs from:
A) Flexion deformities
B) Atrophy
C) Paralysis
D) Pathologic fracture
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Chapter 28: Cerebrovascular Accident
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Sample Questions
Q1) The patient in the rehabilitation phase after a CVA accidentally knocks the adapted plate from the table and bursts into tears after failing to feed himself.The nurse's best response would be:
A) "Don't cry. You'll be mastering eating in no time."
B) "I don't believe crying will help. Let's try drinking from a special cup."
C) "Bless your heart! Let me get a new meal and feed you."
D) "Learning new skills is hard. Let's see what may have caused the trouble."
Q2) A patient experienced a period of momentary confusion,dizziness,and slurred speech but recovered in 2 hours.The most helpful assessment in the diagnosis of this episode would be:
A) Patient's complaint of nausea
B) Blood pressure (BP) of 140/90 mm Hg
C) Patient's complaint of headache
D) Auscultation of a bruit over the carotid artery
Q3) The assessments that indicate a fluid volume excess in a patient in the acute phase of a CVA is:
A) Decreased BP
B) Weak pulse
C) Adventitious breath sounds
D) High urine-specific gravity
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Chapter 29: Spinal Cord Injury
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25259
Sample Questions
Q1) During a neurologic assessment,the nurse asks the patient to dorsiflex the foot against the resistance of the nurse's hand.The inability to perform this action confirms that cord damage has occurred at:
A) C4-C5
B) L2-L4
C) L5
D) S1
Q2) The nurse cautions an 85-year-old golfer that he should take care to protect his back during his backswing because the intervertebral disks in older adults undergo changes to the point that they:
A) Fill with calcium deposits.
B) Are less shock absorbent.
C) Are herniated.
D) Enlarge and swell.
E) Lose water.
Q3) Which assessment would indicate the resolution of spinal shock?
A) Extension and rigidity in affected limbs
B) Spastic involuntary movements in affected limbs
C) Tingling and burning in affected limbs
D) Voluntary purposeful movements of affected limbs
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Chapter 30: Acute Respiratory Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25260
Sample Questions
Q1) A patient who is severely dyspneic and cyanotic enters the emergency department.The nurse gives the patient oxygen at:
A) 2 L to preserve the hypoxic drive
B) 6 L to relieve the dyspnea
C) 8 L, humidified, to liquefy secretions
D) 10 L, humidified aerosol, to dilate the bronchi
Q2) Before performing the arterial stick for an arterial blood gas,the nurse performs an Allen test.The purpose of this test is to assess the:
A) Respiratory function
B) Tidal volume
C) Concentration of oxygen
D) Perfusion of the hand
Q3) A patient comes to the emergency department with a sucking chest wound.Which one of the following types of dressing should the nurse apply to begin the process of lung reinflation?
A) Petroleum dressing covered with an airtight bandage
B) No dressing at all
C) Pillow weighted down with a sandbag
D) Air-occlusive dressing taped on three sides (vented dressing)
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Page 32
Chapter 31: Chronic Respiratory Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25261
Sample Questions
Q1) The discharge instruction given by the nurse that would be informative to a patient with TB,who asks how to protect his family members from his disease,is:
A) "Your family will need to take treatments to prevent infection."
B) "You will need to wear a mask at home to protect your family members."
C) "You should always cover your mouth and nose if coughing or sneezing."
D) "You should avoid intimate contact with everyone."
Q2) In assessing for major sources of infection in a patient with COPD,the nurse focuses on:
A) Stasis of respiratory secretions
B) Low body weight
C) Episodes of postural hypotension
D) Delayed antigen-antibody response
Q3) The nurse is caring for an asthmatic patient with a nursing diagnosis of "Impaired gas exchange,related to air trapping." The intervention that would be appropriate to add to the nursing care plan is to:
A) Provide postural drainage.
B) Administer oxygen (O?) at 8 L/min.
C) Position the patient flat in bed with small pillow.
D) Increase fluid intake.
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Page 33
Chapter 32: Hematologic Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25262
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse notes the medical history information that is significant to potential bleeding problems as:
A) Drinks two glasses of wine a day.
B) Eats red meat three times a week.
C) Takes nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the relief of arthritic pain four times a day.
D) Has hepatitis B.
E) Had a cardiac valve replaced 6 months earlier.
Q2) The rationale for administering injections of vitamin B12 to patients with pernicious anemia is that:
A) The patient's body does not normally manufacture enough vitamin B12.
B) The patient may lack the intrinsic factor necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.
C) Vitamin B12 is found in very small quantities in the patient's body.
D) Vitamin B12 is a mineral necessary to aid in the formation of strong bones.
Q3) The nurse explains that a normal hematocrit value is approximately:
A) Three times the hemoglobin value
B) The same as the hemoglobin value
C) Four times lower than the red blood cell count
D) Same as the red blood cell count
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Page 34
Chapter 33: Immunologic Disorders
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25263
Sample Questions
Q1) In the preparation to perform skin testing,the nurse should:
A) Select an 18-gauge needle.
B) Inject 1 mL intradermally.
C) Check the site in 2 to 3 days for swelling.
D) Wrap the site with a pressure dressing.
Q2) The nurse who is caring for a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)who is having plasmapheresis every day is alert for the first indication of:
A) Hypotension
B) Seizure activity
C) Diarrhea
D) Intense headache
Q3) The nurse explains that early in life,lymphocytes migrate from the marrow of the bones to the ________________,in which they mature into T cells.
Q4) The nurse uses a picture to show the histamine-releasing mast cells that are:
A) Circulating in the blood
B) Circulating in the lymph
C) Attached to organ tissue
D) Embedded in the bone marrow
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Page 35
Chapter 34: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25264
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the implementations that the nurse could use to increase the comfort of a patient with oral hair leukoplakia is to:
A) Allow aspirin to melt in the mouth and then wash out with warm water.
B) Encourage mouth rinses with warm salt water several times a day.
C) Limit intake of ice cream and other cold foods.
D) Offer fluids through a straw.
Q2) Before the initiation of any anti-HIV drug protocol,the patient is assessed for the willingness to:
A) Give up sexual activity for several months.
B) Follow the strict dietary guidelines.
C) Comply with drug protocol.
D) Involve the partner in a support program.
Q3) To avoid the exposure to bacillary angiomatosis (BA),the nurse advises the patient with HIV to avoid:
A) Cats
B) Large crowds of people
C) Consuming unwashed fruits
D) Exposure to mosquito bites
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Chapter 35: Cardiac Disorders
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25265
Sample Questions
Q1) When the patient asks what a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)is and what it is expected to do,the nurse explains that the TEE:
A) Measures conductivity.
B) Records the force of contraction.
C) Evaluates the efficiency of the valves.
D) Checks the volume of the preload.
Q2) The nurse takes into consideration the age-related changes in the heart,which are:
A) Decrease in contractility
B) Thickened valves
C) Stiffened valves
D) Decreased SA node cells
E) Increased nerve fibers in ventricles
Q3) The nurse would anticipate that a patient taking Vasotec,an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor,would have which one of the following positive outcomes to this drug?
A) Increased fluid retention
B) Decreased blood pressure
C) Decreased urine output
D) Increased appetite
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Chapter 36: Vascular Disorders
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25266
Sample Questions
Q1) A patient with arterial insufficiency should be instructed to:
A) Frequently allow the legs to dangle dependently.
B) Rub the legs vigorously.
C) Stand often to keep blood flow in the legs.
D) Walk barefoot.
Q2) Vascular disease disorders often require the use of elastic stockings.When caring for a patient with elastic stockings,the nurse should:
A) Apply the stockings and roll down the cuff.
B) Remove the stockings for skin inspection 2 times a day
C) Remove the stockings when the patient is ambulating.
D) Inspect the skin for pressure or irritation daily.
Q3) An important postoperative sign to report immediately when caring for a patient with an endarterectomy with a synthetic graft is:
A) Headache
B) Fever
C) Edema
D) Pain
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Chapter 37: Hypertension
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25267
Sample Questions
Q1) An 87-year-old patient is taking furosemide (Lasix)for elevated blood pressure.The nurse knows that older patients are at risk for:
A) Falls
B) Hypokalemia
C) Reflex tachycardia
D) Neutropenia
Q2) The cause of secondary hypertension can be a variety of conditions that include:
A) Renal disease
B) Coarctation of the aorta
C) Colon cancer
D) Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
E) Rheumatoid arthritis
Q3) A patient who has been taking methyldopa (Aldomet)for his hypertension reports to the emergency department with a severe headache,blurred vision,and a blood pressure reading of 200/94 mm Hg.The nurse would suspect:
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Ineffective coping with sedation
C) Abrupt cessation of medication
D) Sexual dysfunction
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Page 39
Chapter 38: Digestive Tract Disorders
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25268
Sample Questions
Q1) The patient inquires if this newer type of gastric analysis is going to require passage through a nasogastric tube.The nurse replies:
A) "Yes, but just for the instillation of the dye."
B) "No. You take a dye orally, which will be excreted in the urine in approximately 2 hours."
C) "Yes. You will take the dye orally, and then several gastric withdrawals through the tube will show the dye."
D) "Yes. Only one withdrawal will be made through the tube, which will be treated with dye and read in approximately 2 hours."
Q2) After administering promethazine (Phenergan)for nausea,the nurse takes extra precautionary implementations because of the common side effect of antiemetic medications,which is:
A) Check vital signs for erratic blood pressure.
B) Add a blanket to prevent chilling.
C) Provide extra water to combat thirst.
D) Put up side rails to prevent falls.
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Chapter 39: Disorders of the Liver, gallbladder, and Pancreas
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25269
Sample Questions
Q1) In assessing the patient with jaundice,who has been diagnosed for impaired skin integrity,the nurse should:
A) Sedate the patient.
B) Apply mittens or socks to the hands.
C) Restrain the hands.
D) Distract the patient with conversation.
Q2) The nurse assures the patient that the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA)has a requirement that all health care providers have the vaccination for:
A) Hepatitis A
B) Hepatitis B
C) Hepatitis C
D) All strains of hepatitis.
Q3) The nurse is alert for bleeding in a patient with hepatic disorders because the inflamed liver may not be able to synthesize two clotting factors,which are ____________________ and ____________________.
Q4) The nurse reminds the patient with liver disease that the level of ____________________ in the blood is an indicator of the how well the liver is functioning.
41
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Chapter 40: Urologic Disorders
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25270
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is aware that if a ureter is blocked by a kidney stone,the urine backs up into the kidney causing _________________.
Q2) The nurse who is performing frequent catheterizations for residual urine has a concern related to the potential for:
A) Introduction of pathogens into the bladder
B) Frequent genital exposure of the patient
C) Presence of the indwelling catheter
D) Causing urethral erosion
Q3) When the nurse caring for a patient with an atrioventricular (AV)fistula in the forearm assesses that a trill is absent when palpating the venous side of the fistula,the nurse should:
A) Inject the ordered amount of heparin into the fistula.
B) Apply warm compresses, and lower the arm below the heart level.
C) Send the patient to dialysis for remedy.
D) Report to the charge nurse that the fistula is occluded.
Q4) The major risk of peritoneal dialysis is _____________.
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Page 42
Chapter 41: Connective Tissue Disorders
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25271
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse explains to a 51-year-old professional tennis instructor who is diagnosed with osteoarthritis that the disease is best understood as the:
A) Presence of antibodies in the synovial fluid
B) Dislocation of the patella over the tibia
C) Degeneration of articular cartilage
D) Body's autoimmune response
Q2) The nurse would recognize that further nutritional teaching about a low-purine diet would be necessary when the patient with gout chooses:
A) Pizza with pepperoni
B) Seafood platter with scallops and mussels
C) Chicken salad with nuts
D) Tuna sandwich with potato chips
Q3) For the patient with Behçet syndrome,the nurse would choose the nursing diagnosis of:
A) Activity intolerance, related to unsteady gait
B) Risk for injury, related to falls
C) Imbalance in nutrition: Less than body requirements, related to anorexia
D) Sexual Dysfunction, related to pain in genital area
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43
Chapter 42: Fractures
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25272
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse uses a diagram to show the process of a fractured bone healing.(Arrange the options in the appropriate sequence.)
A) Ossification
B) Hematoma
C) Fibrocartilage
D) Consolidated
E) Callus
Q2) The patient for which referral to home health care is most appropriate is the patient who:
A) Is married and has a laundry room on the first floor.
B) Is single and has a bedroom in a rooming house.
C) Lives in a college dormitory but is going home to stay with parents.
D) Is going to stay with a daughter and son-in-law at their one-story home.
Q3) In caring for a patient just admitted with a pelvic fracture,the assessment that would cause the most concern is:
A) Pain level rating of 8 on a scale of 1 to 10
B) No urinary output for 8 hours
C) Evidence of bruising along the patient's hips and buttocks
D) Complaints of the need for back care from resting in bed
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Page 44
Chapter 43: Amputations
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25273
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse,when selecting possible nursing diagnoses for the 32-year-old patient who is in anticipatory grieving for an upcoming bilateral above-the-knee amputation,would consider:
A) Anxiety, related to knowledge deficit of procedure
B) Disturbed body image, related to loss of body part
C) Sexual dysfunction, related to perceived disfigurement
D) Disturbed self-image, related to loss of independence
E) Activity intolerance, related to pain
Q2) A patient who amputated his thumb in a lawnmower accident hands the emergency department nurse his thumb in a glass jar.The nurse should:
A) Place the thumb in a baggie with iced lactated Ringer solution.
B) Wrap the thumb in plastic wrap, and place it on ice.
C) Leave the thumb in the jar, and place it in the refrigerator.
D) Wrap the thumb in a cloth saturated with normal saline, and place it in a baggie.
Q3) The nurse clarifies that the precise term for the patient's amputation,which will be through the knee joint,is called ____________________.
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Chapter 44: Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25274
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is aware that the large flattened features of the patient with acromegaly are caused by an excess of:
A) Prolactin
B) Growth hormone
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Q2) The nurse clarifies that the drug,octreotide (Sandostatin),is a treatment for acromegaly and will:
A) Reverse the effects of acromegaly.
B) Be given on a daily basis by injection.
C) Increase insulin secretion causing hypoglycemia.
D) Suppress the growth hormone.
Q3) The patient with long-term asthma develops Cushing syndrome.The nurse explains that this condition is probably the result of:
A) Taking corticosteroids for many years
B) Abruptly withdrawing cortisone therapy
C) Lack of ACTH, related to the pituitary gland
D) Poorly functioning adrenal glands
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Chapter 45: Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25275
Sample Questions
Q1) The home health care nurse is aware that hypothyroidism is frequently overlooked in older adults because:
A) Signs and symptoms are subtle.
B) Signs and symptoms are discounted as age-related changes.
C) Weight changes in the older adult are not pronounced.
D) Older adults are not susceptible to thyroid disorders.
E) Decrease in mental function is attributed to dementia.
Q2) Congenital hypothyroidism,if left untreated,will result in _________________.
Q3) The patient asks about his laboratory test,which showed a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)and a low level of T?.You explain that:
A) "It means that you have an inconsistency in your thyroid tests, and you will need more testing."
B) "I am sorry. You will have to ask your physician about your laboratory results. We are not allowed to discuss them."
C) "The TSH is sending a message to your thyroid gland to increase production, but your thyroid isn't producing enough hormone."
D) "That means that you will have to go on hormone therapy for the rest of your life."
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Page 47
Chapter 46: Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25276
Sample Questions
Q1) When the patient with type 2 diabetes says,"Why in the world are they looking at my hemoglobin? I thought my problem was with my blood sugar." The nurse responds that the level of hemoglobin A1c:
A) Shows how a high level of glucose can cause a significant drop in the hemoglobin level.
B) Shows what the glucose level has done during the last 3 months.
C) Indicates a true picture of the patient's nutritional state.
D) Reflects the effect of a high level of glucose on the ability to produce red blood cells (RBCs).
Q2) The patient with type 1 diabetes has an insulin order for NPH insulin,35 U,to be given at 7 AM.The patient has also been instruction not to take anything by mouth (NPO)in preparation for laboratory work that will not be drawn until 10 AM.The nurse should:
A) Give the insulin as ordered.
B) Give the insulin with a small snack.
C) Inform the charge nurse.
D) Hold the insulin until after the blood draw.
Q3) The nurse reminds the patient with type I diabetes to rotate the insulin injection sites to prevent ___________________________.
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Chapter 47: Female Reproductive Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25277
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse who is demonstrating breast self-examination to a patient points out that the most common area in the breast for tumors to occur is:
A) Under the nipple
B) Upper outer quadrant
C) Six o'clock position
D) Axillary lymph nodes.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a patient after a modified radical mastectomy for a breast tumor that has been determined to be positive for estrogen receptors (ER+)and has been placed on a protocol of tamoxifen.The patient then asks the nurse,"Do you think I should take this medication?" Which of the following statements is the most appropriate?
A) "Tamoxifen will probably not be effective because your tumor was ER+."
B) "If I were you, I would do what the physician recommends."
C) "I think that you should take tamoxifen, because the tumor was ER+."
D) "Tamoxifen is an option to consider, because your tumor was ER+."
Q3) The nurse points out to a group of young women who are being treated for PID that because of the effect of this disease on their reproductive organs,they may become
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Chapter 48: Male Reproductive Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25278
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse who is assessing a young man who is being treated for sterility will inquire whether the young man had any common childhood disease that may be the cause of sterility.Such diseases would include:
A) Mumps
B) Chicken pox
C) Measles
D) Scarlet fever
Q2) The mother of a newborn with cryptorchidism asks if this condition will be permanent.The nurse's best response would be:
A) "Yes, but your child can develop normally with hormone replacement therapy."
B) "No, several medical and surgical remedies can be performed after your baby's first birthday."
C) "Yes, but the undescended testicle is still able to function in a normal manner."
D) "No, the process of sexual maturity will cause it to descend at puberty."
Q3) When a significant elevation in the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)level is noted on the laboratory report,the nurse is aware that this is a marker for ____________________ cancer.
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Chapter 49: Sexually Transmitted Infections
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25279
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse explains that an antiviral drug commonly used to relieve symptoms of HSV is:
A) Tetracycline (Achromycin)
B) Acyclovir (Zovirax)
C) Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
D) Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Q2) The nurse cautions the patient taking Flagyl for Trichomonas that she should:
A) Double the dose if any doses are missed.
B) Report dark urine.
C) Take the drug on an empty stomach.
D) Abstain from alcohol while taking the drug.
Q3) The nurse asks a patient to repeat the instructions to evaluate her knowledge about safe sex practices.The statement that indicates understanding is:
A) "Body massage would be considered safe."
B) "Mutual open-mouth kissing is safe."
C) "Vaginal intercourse with a properly used condom is safe."
D) "Anal sex with a condom made of latex is a safe sex practice."
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Chapter 50: Skin Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25280
Sample Questions
Q1) An excited mother of a teenage boy with severe acne furiously reports to the nurse,"I've told him a thousand times he should bathe more often! I've kept after him about all that junk food he eats.I jump on him when I see him squeezing his zits.I tried to get him to scrub his face three times a day!" The complaint the nurse recognizes as a true statement about the cause of acne is:
A) Poor personal hygiene
B) Ingestion of junk food
C) Squeezing lesions
D) Need for facial scrubs
Q2) Conditions that can be improved with negative pressure therapy include:
A) Pressure ulcers
B) Skin grafts
C) Burns
D) Dehisced surgical wounds
E) Eczema
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Chapter 51: Eye and Vision Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25281
Sample Questions
Q1) The patient reports to the home health care nurse of having cloudy vision and seeing spots and halos around lights.Based on these complaints,the nurse suggests a medical evaluation for:
A) Cataracts
B) Glaucoma
C) Detached retina
D) Macular degeneration
Q2) When providing patient education about protecting vision,the nurse should tell the patient that:
A) After 40 years of age, eye examinations should be performed every 2 years.
B) Crusted lids on awakening are caused by decreased tear production.
C) Floaters are a sign of eye infection.
D) Blurred vision without pain is temporary eye strain.
Q3) The nurse explains that the correct term to use for a patient with a vision disorder is:
A) Blind
B) Handicapped
C) Partially blind
D) Visually impaired
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Chapter 52: Ear and Hearing Disorders
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25282
Sample Questions
Q1) On an intake physical examination,the patient reports that he has been taking 10 aspirin tablets a day for his arthritis.Based on this information the nurse should ask:
A) "Can you hear high pitched sounds?"
B) "Have you noticed deafness in just one ear?"
C) "Do you have ringing in your ears?"
D) "Do you experience dizziness when you stand?"
Q2) The nurse uses a diagram to show the physiologic sequence of hearing.After entering the external ear,the sound is then conducted through the: (Arrange the options in sequence.)
A) Tympanic membrane
B) Sensory receptors
C) Oval window
D) Acoustic nerve to the brain
E) Malleus, incus, and stapes
Q3) When planning care for a patient who cannot perceive or interpret sounds,the nurse takes into consideration that the patient may have a ____________________ hearing loss.
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Chapter 53: Nose, sinus, and Throat Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25283
Sample Questions
Q1) When the patient returns from surgery with a nasal pack and mustache dressing,the nurse will arrange the patient in a:
A) Side-lying position to prevent aspiration of drainage
B) Semi-Fowler position, and apply a warm compress to reduce pain
C) High Fowler position, and apply a cold dressing to reduce swelling
D) Sims position, and apply a cold dressing to facilitate drainage and reduce swelling
Q2) The patient who had a laryngectomy 3 months earlier returns to the physician's office with the complaint of increasing dyspnea.The nurse recognizes this complaint as an indication of the common postlaryngectomy complication of:
A) Hypertrophied stoma
B) Salivary fistula
C) Carotid blowout
D) Tracheal stenosis
Q3) The portion of the internal nose that traps particles and kills bacteria is the:
A) Turbinates
B) Mucous membrane
C) Vestibular formations
D) Cilia
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55
Chapter 54: Psychologic Responses to Illness
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25284
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse explains that according to Maslow,mentally healthy persons have the characteristics of:
A) Acceptance of self
B) Reality orientation
C) Spontaneity
D) Effective problem-solving skills
E) No need for privacy
Q2) When the patient is given a diagnosis of cancer,his first statement is,"What did I ever do to deserve God punishing me?" This is an example of:
A) Maladaptive coping
B) Behavioral emotionalism
C) Spiritual distress
D) Spiritual maladaptation
Q3) The stage in which introspection is a major characteristic is:
A) Middle-aged adult
B) Middle childhood
C) Early adulthood
D) Older-age adult
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56
Chapter 55: Psychiatric Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient with schizophrenia has undergone eight electroconvulsive therapy treatments (ECTs)in the last 2 weeks.The daughter is upset that her parent is lethargic,confused,and does not recognize her.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that:
A) The combination of ECTs and neuroleptic medications can make a patient drowsy.
B) These reactions indicate of a drug overdose.
C) Many patients with schizophrenia punish their families by pretending not to know them.
D) A temporary memory loss is common after several ECTs.
Q2) A patient who takes lithium for manic episodes has been walking daily.Now that the weather is hot,it is important to instruct the patient to:
A) Stay in the shade when walking.
B) Stop walking.
C) Maintain hydration.
D) Wear sunscreen.
Q3) When the patient asks the nurse to touch him,the nurse asks why he needs this.The patient replies,"I just need to know that I am real." The nurse assesses that response as a primary sign of ____________________.
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Chapter 56: Substance-Related Disorders
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25286
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse documents signs of Wernicke encephalopathy in a patient with long-term alcoholism.These signs include:
A) Confabulation
B) Ataxia
C) Delirium
D) Decreasing level of consciousness
E) Projectile vomiting
Q2) The nurse in the admissions unit is informed that a patient is being brought in who has been using "ice." The nurse is aware that this patient may be:
A) Extremely dehydrated
B) In a coma
C) Dangerously hypertensive
D) Violent
Q3) Substance abuse might be suspected in a patient who has a(n):
A) Abnormal liver function test and a gastrointestinal (GI) bleed.
B) Positive syphilis screen and varicose veins.
C) Fungal infection and a potassium level of 4.2. mEq/L.
D) Decreased albumin level and creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dl.
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