Course Introduction
Survey Research Methods
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Survey Research Methods introduces students to the theory and practice of designing, implementing, and analyzing surveys for research purposes. The course covers fundamental concepts such as questionnaire construction, sampling techniques, modes of survey administration, and methods to minimize bias and error. Students will explore the ethical considerations in survey research and learn to critically evaluate survey instruments and published findings. Through hands-on projects, students gain practical experience in questionnaire design, data collection, and basic analysis, preparing them to conduct effective and reliable surveys in academic, social, and professional settings.
Recommended Textbook Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences 4th Edition by Frederick J Gravetter
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
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Q1) Humans who participate in a research study are called research subjects.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) You have dinner reservations at 7:30 at a restaurant that is 30 minutes away and it is already 7:20.Based in this information,you know that you are going to be late.This is an example of using the empirical method.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A football player who knows that his performance will be better if he wears his lucky shirt is using the method of faith.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Visual illusions demonstrate one problem with the method of empiricism. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Research Ideas
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Q1) When using PsycInfo for a literature search,it is common to enter a(n)________ into the database.
A)subject word
B)description of the article
C)journal name
D)article title
Answer: A
Q2) Describe two mistakes that are commonly made in choosing a research topic.
Answer: When selecting a research topic,common mistakes include: (1)selecting a topic that is not of interest,(2)selecting a topic that is too safe or easy,(3)selecting a topic that is too difficult,(4)selecting a topic that is too broad,(5)sticking with the first idea,and (6)selecting a topic with inadequate literature.
Q3) The results section of a research article typically
A)provides interpretation of the findings.
B)describes the overall purpose and rationale of the research.
C)includes the outcome of statistical analyses.
D)provides the details of the methodology used in the study.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Variables
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Q1) You develop a new measure of honesty and other researchers agree that it looks like an appropriate way to measure honesty.You have demonstrated
A)concurrent validity.
B)discriminate validity.
C)face validity.
D)reliability.
Answer: C
Q2) Demand characteristics are cues within a research study that suggest how the participants are expected to behave or respond.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Cues given to the participants about how they are expected to behave is the definition of
A)experimenter bias.
B)volunteer bias.
C)reactivity.
D)demand characteristics.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Ethics in Research
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Q1) The Tuskegee study involved injecting patients with live cancer cells without their knowledge or consent.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Debriefing is
A)always effective at removing lingering effects.
B)more effective the sooner it is delivered.
C)more effective with active deception.
D)a continuation of the deception.
Q3) A researcher decided not to report the data from three participants whose results contradicted the researcher's hypothesis.This is an example of fraud.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fraud involves
A)errors made while measuring individual participants.
B)errors made while entering data into a computer program.
C)changing scores to make them fit the hypothesis.
D)the other three choices are all examples of fraud.
Q5) Describe the common components of consent forms.
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Chapter 5: Selecting Research Participants
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Q1) Which of the following accurately describes accessible populations and target populations?
A)The target population is contained within the accessible population.
B)The target population is also known as the population.
C)The accessible population is also known as the population.
D)All of the other options are accurate.
Q2) A professor teaching an introductory psychology class of 200 obtains a sample of 25 students by selecting every 8?? name from the class list.The professor is using
A)simple random sampling.
B)convenience sampling.
C)proportionate stratified random sampling.
D) systematic sampling.
Q3) It is always necessary to have at least 25-30 participants in a study.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why researchers feel reasonably comfortable using convenience sampling when this technique is likely to produce biased samples.
Q5) Describe cluster sampling and identify some strengths and weaknesses of this technique.
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Chapter 6: Research Strategies and Validity
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Q1) Any factor that allows an alternative explanation for the results of a study is a threat to
A)internal validity.
B)external validity.
C)reliability.
D)accuracy.
Q2) The validity of the research study is concerned with the truth of the research or the accuracy of the results.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When the data points in a scatter plot form a circular pattern,it is an indication that there is no consistent relationship between the two variables.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Any factor that limits the ability to generalize the results of a research study to different populations or different environments is a threat to external validity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Experimental Research Strategy
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Q1) Dr.Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people's moods during the winter.A sample of 100 households is selected.Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr.Jones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs.In the other 50 houses,all the lights are changed to 60-watt bulbs.After two months,Dr.Jones measures the level of depression for the people living in the houses.In this example,how many dependent variables are there?
A)100
B)50
C)2
D)1
Q2) A researcher reports that participants made fewer errors on a simulated air-traffic-control task when quiet background music was playing than when there was no music.For this study,the number of errors is the independent variable. A)True
B)False
Q3) An extraneous variable can be eliminated completely by holding it constant. A)True B)False
Q4) Describe and differentiate the three methods to control extraneous variables.
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Chapter 8: Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design
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Q1) Random assignment guarantees that participant characteristics do not become a confounding variable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a between-subjects experiment,assignment bias is a threat to
A)internal validity.
B)external validity.
C)both internal and external validity.
D)assignment bias does not threaten either internal or external validity.
Q3) Holding a variable constant guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A disadvantage of the two-group design is that it
A)provides limited information about the effect of the independent variable
B)is complicated.
C)maximizes the differences between the groups.
D)requires the use of regression analyses to analyze the data.
Q5) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of matching groups of participants in a between-subjects experiment.
10
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Chapter 9: Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design
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Q1) Latin square is used to determine the order of treatments that will be used in a within-subjects experiment comparing 5 treatments labeled A,B,C,D,and E.How many groups of participants will receive treatment E as the first treatment?
A)0
B)1
C)5
D)cannot answer without more information
Q2) When an outside event occurs during a within-subject study and influences some of the treatment conditions but not others,the results are said to be confounded by A)history effects.
B)instrumentation.
C)maturation.
D)regression toward the mean.
Q3) Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of between-subjects designs and within-subjects designs.
Q4) Identify two time-related factors that can threaten the internal validity of a within-subjects research study.In each case,explain how the factor could be a confounding variable.
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Chapter 10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs
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Q1) A cross-sectional developmental design is an example of the general category of
A)nonequivalent group designs.
B)one-group pretest-posttest designs.
C)time-series designs.
D)interrupted time-series designs.
Q2) A quasi-experimental design
A)makes no attempt to minimize threats to validity.
B)makes some attempts to minimize threats to validity.
C)controls extraneous variables,similar to an experiment.
D)manipulates one variable,similar to an experiment.
Q3) A cross-sectional design comparing three different ages would require three separate groups of participants.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional and longitudinal research.
Page 12
Q5) A research study that compared married men,divorced men,and single adult men is an example of the differential research design.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Factorial Designs
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Q1) In a two-factor experiment,an interaction can distort the main effects of either or both factors.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a two-factor ANOVA,what is the implication of a significant A*B interaction?
A)At least one of the main effects must also be significant.
B)Both of the main effects must also be significant.
C)Neither of the two main effects can be significant.
D) The significance of the interaction has no implications for the main effects.
Q3) In an experiment examining the effects of task difficulty (easy/hard)for men and women,the factors are
A)male and female.
B)easy and hard.
C) male,female,easy,and hard.
D) difficulty and gender.
Q4) In a factorial design,an interaction between the factors occurs whenever
A)the mean differences between the cells are not explained by the main effects.
B)the mean differences between the cells are explained by the main effects.
C)there are differences between the overall column means.
D)there are differences between the overall row means.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: The Correlational Research Strategy
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Q1) A researcher reports an inverse relationship between weight and exercise level for a group of 8-year-old children (greater weight is associated with less exercise).However,the researcher suspects that the children's rate of metabolism may be responsible for the relationship.That is,children with higher metabolism exercise more and weigh less than children with lower metabolism.This is an example of A)the third-variable problem.
B)the directionality problem.
C)the reversal problem.
D)the criterion problem.
Q2) A positive value for a correlation indicates
A)increases in X tend to be accompanied by increases in Y.
B)increases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.
C)a much stronger relationship than if the correlation were negative.
D)a much weaker relationship than if the correlation were negative.
Q3) For a positive correlation,decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the use of a scatter plot in graphing data from a correlational study.
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Descriptive Research Strategy
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Q1) The case study design can be useful for studying unusual clinical cases such as rare psychiatric disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Although a case study typically involves a single participant,the results can serve as a counterexample that influences an entire theory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Recording how many hours a week I study,involves using the _______ method,while simply recording whether or not I study in a week,involves using the __________ method.
A)interval; frequency
B)duration; interval
C)frequency; duration
D)interval; duration
Q4) Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of administering a survey by mail.
Q5) Describe the three types of behavioral observation and briefly explain the circumstances under which each is used.
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Chapter 14: Single-Subject Research Designs
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Q1) In the notation for single-case designs,
A)the letter A identifies the first treatment condition.
B)the letter B identifies the baseline phase.
C)the letter C identifies a second treatment phase.
D)all of the other choices are correct.
Q2) In a graph of the results from an ABAB reversal design,which of the following features justifies a conclusion that the treatment causes changes in behavior?
A)the size of the change in behavior when the treatment is first introduced
B)the time delay between the introduction of the treatment and the first change in behavior
C)a permanent change in behavior that continues even after the treatment is withdrawn D)repeatedly demonstrating that behavior changes consistently when the treatment is introduced,withdrawn,and introduced again
Q3) In a multiple-baseline design,there is only one phase change,from baseline to treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the goal of a single-subject research study.
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Chapter 15: Statistical Evaluation of Data
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Q1) What outcome is likely to occur for a hypothesis test evaluating a treatment that has a very large and robust effect?
A)a Type I error
B)a Type II error
C)correctly rejecting the null hypothesis
D)correctly failing to reject the null hypothesis
Q2) When a research report demonstrates a significant treatment effect at the .05 level,you can be more confident that the effect is real than if the researcher had reported a significant effect with an alpha level of only .01.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The concept of degrees of freedom is associated with
A)the mean for a sample.
B)the median for a sample.
C)the mode for a sample.
D)the variance for a sample.
Q4) Identify the purpose for a hypothesis test and briefly explain how a hypothesis test accomplishes its purpose.
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Chapter 16: Writing a Research Report
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Q1) When citing the published research of others,APA-style requires what information?
A)author's last name
B)author's last name,and year of publication
C)author's first and last names,and year of publication
D)author's last name,name of institution,and year of publication
Q2) The concise summary of the paper is called the summary.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is the proper way to cite a source with two authors in a research report,when the authors' names appear outside the body of the sentence?
A)(Smith and Jones,2005)
B)(Smith & Jones,2005)
C)(Sam Smith and Bill Jones,2005)
D)(Sam Smith & Bill Jones,2005)
Q4) When reporting statistical significance of inferential statistics,what items should be included?
Q5) What is the purpose of a research proposal?
Q6) What is the purpose of a research report?
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