Social Work Practice with Individuals and Families
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of social work practice with individuals and families, emphasizing a strengths-based and person-in-environment approach. Students will learn foundational assessment, engagement, intervention, and evaluation skills tailored to diverse client needs and backgrounds. The curriculum covers theoretical frameworks, evidence-based practices, ethical considerations, and the role of cultural competency in supporting individuals and families experiencing various life challenges. Through case studies, role plays, and interactive discussions, students will develop practical skills to promote well-being, resilience, and empowerment in client systems, while understanding the impact of social, economic, and environmental factors on family dynamics and individual functioning.
Recommended Textbook
The Life Span Human Development for Helping Professionals 4th Edition by Patricia C. Broderick
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Organizing Themes in Developme
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Q1) Counselors apply multidimensional models most explicitly in their work with clients when they
A)recognize the primary importance of genetic influences on behavior.
B)consider levels of influence on the individual and select interventions that are targeted to more than one level.
C)pay close attention to the stage of development that characterizes the client.
D)understand that client's developmental tasks must be met in each stage of development.
Answer: B
Q2) Models of development which hold that change occurs as a continuous process are called
A)incremental models.
B)stage models.
C)multidimensional models.
D)information-processing models.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development
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Q1) Of the following,which is the most accurate example of coaction?
A)Genes that are related to a specific disorder may be expressed phenotypically only in a certain kind of environment.
B)Genes for a disorder that are on the X-chromosome will only be expressed in females.
C)The environment and the genes have an equal influence on a disorder.
D)Genes will have a greater influence on the development of a disorder when the genes are dominant.
Answer: A
Q2) Brown eye-color alleles are dominant over blue eye-color alleles,which are recessive.Jenna has brown eyes.Her husband,Bill,has blue eyes.Jenna and Bill are the biological parents of James,who has blue eyes.What eye-color gene alleles must Jenna have?
A)Bb one brown and one blue allele)
B)BB two brown alleles)
C)bb two blue alleles)
D)BBB three brown alleles)
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cognitive Development in the Early
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Q1) General guidelines for intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorder include
A)intensive social skills intervention beginning in the teen years.
B)early entry into intervention,use of Applied Behavior Analysis,and parent training and support.
C)infrequent assessment in order to reduce stress and negative effects of labeling.
D)maintaining separate learning environments so that autistic children do not need to interact with their typically developing peers.
Answer: C
Q2) The ability to use language to communicate effectively by using well-organized narratives primarily depends upon the development of ____________ skill.
A)phonological
B)semantic
C)pragmatic
D)syntactic
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Emotional Development in the Early Years
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Q1) Izard and others have found that at birth or soon after,infants' facial expressions display which of the following emotions?
A)Shame.
B)Anger.
C)Pride.
D)Contentment.
Q2) Explain the cultural contributions to the development of attachments.What role does culture play in this process? ,
Q3) Basic emotions such as _____________ can be observed in young infants,but self-conscious emotions such as ____________ only emerge in childhood.
A)surprise and fear / embarrassment and pride
B)fear and shame /anger and empathy
C)contentment and pride / anger and shame
D)empathy and anger / surprise and fear
Q4) The still-face paradigm has been used primarily to study
A)emotion regulation in infants.
B)mother-infant attachment.
C)the effects of disciplinary style on self-control.
D)temperament.
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Chapter 5: The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years
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Q1) Discuss the pros and cons of corporal punishment as a disciplinary method.Why might its effectiveness differ for different cultural groups? What questions remain to be answered about the relationship between culture and disciplinary style? ,
Q2) Alex is 22 months of age.He knows that he should not play with his food at the dinner table,but he sometimes still does so.His parents can usually redirect his behavior with simple reminders about what he should be doing.What is happening cognitively to help him grow in self-control?
A)With repeated experience,Alex is constructing representations of standards for everyday behavior that serve as guidelines for behavior.
B)Alex knows that he will be embarrassed if he gets caught playing with his food.
C)Alex can decenter sufficiently to understand the nature of the food.
D)Alex is now less cognitively egocentric and can see his mother's perspective.
Q3) Counselors who do parent training primarily use which approach for this work?
A)Learning theory.
B)Rational-emotive therapy.
C)Person-centered therapy.
D)Adlerian therapy.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood
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Q1) Imagine that you are counseling a 6<sup>th</sup> grader on how to improve her study skills so that she will remember more information on tests.Not only do you teach her some memory strategies,you also encourage her to engage in self-testing so that she will begin self- monitoring,that is,keeping track of how well she is remembering new material.What kind of skill is this kind of self-monitoring?
A)A metacognitive skill.
B)A preoperational skill.
C)A declarative memory.
D)A social cognitive skill.
Q2) Imagine that you are working with a 10-year-old who is having trouble making friends.His parents and teachers indicate that the boy is "generous to a fault," often giving up what he wants in order to please others.Based on Selman's ideas about friendship development,explain whether this child is more or less mature than the boys who bully him,and describe an approach to helping the boy with his friendship skills.,
Q3) Kuhn 2000)wrote that "to study memories is to study much of cognition and cognitive development." Explain this statement,using examples of the factors which contribute to memory improvement with age to illustrate your points.,
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Chapter 7: Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood
Through Early Adolescence
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Q1) A counselor is concerned about a clients' self-esteem.Which of the following provides a research-based rationale for this concern?
A)High levels of self-esteem directly reduce the risk of mental health problems
B)Low levels of self-esteem cause people to act incompetently.
C)Low levels of self-esteem are related to negative attributions about one's self,which are related to depression.
D)High levels of self-esteem protect against oppositional behavior.
Q2) Schulman 2002)defines morality as composed of three interlocking systems,including
A)sympathy,moral reasoning,and identification with authority.
B)empathy,identification with moral others,and standards of right and wrong.
C)rational competence,emotional competence,and identification with authority.
D)moral feeling,moral reasoning,and moral action.
Q3) People are generally motivated to evaluate themselves favorably in relation to others.This tendency is called a
A)self-comparison bias.
B)positive appraisal.
C)social comparison.
D)self-enhancing bias.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle
Childhood Through Early Adolescence
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Q1) In an assessment of peer relationships,Fred was rarely selected by classmates as someone to play with or to do a class project with.But Fred was also rarely selected as someone whom classmates would refuse to play with.Children like Fred seem to be
A)actively disliked by other children.
B)more aggressive than other children.
C)choosing not to participate very actively in peer activities.
D)at high risk for later mental health problems.
Q2) The term degrouping refers to
A)a strategy for solving math problems that boys often learn but girls do not.
B)a trend in middle adolescence for cliques to become less important to peer interactions.
C)a therapeutic intervention which requires children or adolescents to mix with members of a different crowd from their usual one.
D)the rejection of a crowd member for violating the norms of the group.
Q3) Counselors working with young children should know that children as young as
A)3 years old
B)6 years old
C)9 years old
D)12 years old
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence
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Q1) Brain growth during adolescence appears to be influenced by the hormonal changes of puberty.What effects do these hormonal changes seem to have?
A)They affect the onset and offset of genes that influence cortisol levels.
B)They flow over the brain,causing a general excitation of neurons.
C)They cause an increase in blood flow to the brain.
D)They lead to secondary dimorphism of brain structures.
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of a characteristic form of adolescent egocentrism?
A)Fourteen-year-old Breanna believes that her pastor is hypocritical because he lives in a nice house.She thinks it should be sold to feed the poor.
B)Fourteen-year-old Erika buys gifts for other members of her family based on what she likes to receive.She doesn't worry about what her family members' preferences are.
C)Fourteen-year-old Derek can not understand the concept of probability when his math teacher introduces statistics.
D)Fourteen-year-old Jordan believes he is a superior student despite having a learning disability.
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Chapter 10: The Social World of Adolescence
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Q1) What percentage of adolescents typically are part of a "popular" crowd in American high schools?
A)20 percent.
B)40 percent.
C)60 percent.
D)Less than 5 percent.
Q2) Jasmine,age 16,has just begun an after-school and weekend job at which she expects to work about 20-25 hours a week.She plans to use her earnings to buy clothes,gas for her car,and to fund outings with friends.Based on research,which of the following is the most likely outcome of Jasmine's part-time employment?
A)Her grades will improve.
B)She will be more reliable and less likely to engage in delinquent behavior.
C)She will leave high school with substantial savings.
D)Her greater work time will negatively affect her school achievement.
Q3) Brian,age 15,has surprised and dismayed his Catholic parents by insisting that he is converting to Buddhism.It all seemed to start when he became friends with an Asian American boy at school whose family is Buddhist.Explain Brian's behavior based on Seltzer's theory of adolescent identity formation.,
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young Adults
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Q1) Globalization has begun to affect the young adult period in developing nations by
A)increasing the length of time individuals spend in self-exploration before taking on adult responsibilities.
B)decreasing the number of families who can education their children.
C)limiting the occupational and lifestyle options available.
D)decreasing young adults' exposure to a diversity of beliefs and values.
Q2) Problem drinking and drug use is part of the lifestyle of many young adults.In a longitudinal study of 33,000 people,what was the typical course of these behaviors?
A)They begin to decline when adults reach their mid-thirties.
B)They begin to decline when adults reach their mid-twenties.
C)They tend to stay about the same throughout middle adulthood.
D)They have no serious effects on behavioral or cognitive functioning.
Q3) Arnett's research suggests that young adults today believe that adulthood is primarily defined
A)by the timing of achievements,such as marriage and parenthood.
B)on the basis of reaching a certain age.
C)on the basis of achieving certain roles,such as marriage and parenthood.
D)on the basis of more subjective judgments of psychological independence.
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood
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Q1) When Ms.S completed the attachment interview assessing her own relationship to her early caregivers,she provided answers that were coherent and collaborative,and she acknowledged the importance of attachment-related experiences in her development.Her attachment status would most likely be categorized as
A)autonomous.
B)dismissing.
C)preoccupied.
D)unresolved.
Q2) Which of the following majors actually tend to lose subscribers as students move through their college years?
A)Education.
B)Business.
C)Engineering.
D)Psychology.
Q3) Attachment theory,originally formulated to explain infant-caregiver relationships,has been applied to understanding adult-adult relationships.Outline three ways in which this application can be useful to helping professionals.,
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development
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Q1) Research indicates a history-graded effect for cohorts of children and adolescents growing up in the United States today.Which of these is the best description of this effect?
A)Children and adolescents develop an identity sooner than individuals in previous generations.
B)Children and adolescents experience higher levels of anxiety than individuals in previous generations.
C)Children and adolescents progress through the stages of the family life cycle more quickly than individuals in previous generations.
D)Children and adolescents experience more economic uncertainty than individuals in previous generations.
Q2) According to Erikson's theory,which developmental task is central to the middle adulthood stage of life?
A)Ego integrity.
B)Intimacy.
C)Autonomy.
D)Generativity.
Q3) Compare and contrast Erikson's view of midlife with that of Vaillant.,
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Chapter 14: Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood
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Q1) Intentionally paying attention to one's present experience without judgment is a definition for
A)stress management.
B)mindfulness.
C)relaxation.
D)coping.
Chapter 14 Essay Questions
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Q2) Paula is a client who demonstrates highly anxious tendencies.She broods over perceived mistakes,worries about how others view her,and feels that she never meets her own high expectations in ways that satisfy her.Her counselor can conclude that Paula probably also has which of these other characteristics?
A)Low levels of sensitivity to interpersonal conflict.
B)Tolerance for stressful events but not chronic stress.
C)High levels of sensitivity to stress.
D)Poor attachment quality.
Q3) Construct a short essay on the nature of stress and its effects on the body-mind.What constructive ways of handling these effects of stress have been found to be most effective? ,
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood
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Q1) Theorizing about grief and mourning after the loss of a loved one has traditionally centered on the importance of "letting go" of the loved one and accepting the loss.This focus is attributable to the work of A)Freud.
B)Kubler-Ross.
C)Dame Cicely Saunders. D)Bowlby.
Q2) How is the gender of an elderly person linked to whether or not others have negative,stereotyped expectations of that person?
A)Gender of the elderly person has no effect.
B)Elderly men are more likely to be seen in a negative way.
C)Elderly women are more likely to be seen in a negative way.
D)Elderly women are more likely to be seen in a positive way.
Q3) Which of the following factors is an important predictor of a successful retirement?
A)Pension eligibility and high self-esteem.
B)Higher social class.
C)Better housing facilities.
D)Number of grandchildren.
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