Research Methods in Dentistry
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Dentistry provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles and techniques essential for conducting research in the dental field. The course covers the fundamentals of formulating research questions, designing experimental and observational studies, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results to advance evidence-based dental practice. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations in research, critical appraisal of dental literature, and the application of statistical tools relevant to dental research. By the end of the course, students are equipped to critically evaluate scientific studies and contribute effectively to dental research projects.
Recommended Textbook
Dental Public Health and Research 4th Edition by Christine N. Nathe
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22 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Dental Public Health: An Overview
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Q1) When fulfilling the administrator role, a dental public health hygienist ________.
A) Lobbies to change laws
B) Conducts research
C) Provides clinical care
D) Educates and promotes dental health
E) Develops and coordinates public health programs
Answer: E
Q2) The identification of which of the following was the first major advancement in public health?
A) Litter in the streets
B) Pesticides on produce
C) Polluted public water well
D) Drug paraphernalia
E) None of the above
Answer: C
Q3) There is a critical shortage of dental assistants in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Prevention Movement
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Q1) Community water fluoridation works both systemically and topically.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Dental hygiene was historically founded as which type of profession?
A) Dental public health
B) Cosmetic
C) Restorative
D) Referral
E) Healing
Answer: A
Q3) Community water fluoridation is especially beneficial for which target population?
A) Those of low socioeconomic levels
B) Federal inmates
C) Those with minor periodontal problems
D) The elderly
E) Military personnel
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Dental Care Delivery in the United States
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Q1) The federal entity that is charged with providing a system of health surveillance to monitor and prevent outbreaks of disease is the ________.
A) National Institutes of Health
B) Institute of Medicine
C) National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research
D) Food and Drug Administration
E) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Answer: E
Q2) The most common dental-hygienist to dental-employment ratio
A)Demand
B)Utilization
C)Need
D)Supply
E)2:1
F)1:2
Answer: F
Q3) Dental hygienists may practice within the U.S. Peace Corps.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Dental Hygiene Care Delivery in the Global Community
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Q1) The Federation Dentaire Internationale is the international organization of dentistry and was founded in which country?
A) England
B) United States
C) Spain
D) France
E) None of the above
Q2) A formally trained and registered dental hygiene provider is more likely to receive public confidence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Many countries have dental hygienists that work solely in ________.
A)Dental nurses
B)Dental therapists
C)Switzerland
D)The Netherlands
E)Canada
F)Australia
G)New Zealand
H)Oral health promotion
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Financing of Dental Care
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Q1) A service provided by a dental provider that has been determined as a generally acceptable dental practice based on the individual's diagnosis.
A)Premium
B)Procedure numbers
C)Copayment
D)UCR
E)Procedure codes
F)Dental necessity
G)EPSDT
Q2) Federal block grants are usually utilized as preventive block grants and may cover dental services for children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which payment method is a fee scale per service developed for each service rendered?
A) Capitation
B) Encounter
C) Barter
D) Fee for service
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Federal and State Legislation Affecting Dental Hygiene
Practice
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Q1) A state legislator is a member of which branch of government?
A) Judicial
B) Administrative
C) Executive
D) Legislative
E) None of the above
Q2) Organized dental hygiene frequently works to increase access to dental hygiene care provided by registered dental hygienists.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Law created and changed by the courts
A)Administrative law
B)Judicial branch
C)Executive branch
D)Common law
E)Statutory law
F)Legislative branch
G)Constitutional law
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Chapter 7: Advocacy for Dental Care
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Q1) What is a written description of rules, regulations, and stipulations that governs individual actions and procedures?
A) Rule
B) Regulation
C) Policy
D) Procedure
E) Both B and C
Q2) To create change in policy, it is NOT necessary to create change in the individuals that govern policy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Propelling people to take action or make a change is termed ________.
A) Collaboration
B) Cooperation
C) Empowerment
D) Enlightenment
E) None of the above
Q4) Change is recognized as an evolution from one state to another state.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Dental Health Education and Promotion
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Q1) The last step in the learning ladder is the involvement step.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person's behavior intent is a combination of knowledge, values, and attitudes, which is emphasized in which theory?
A) Self-efficacy
B) Maslow's hierarchy
C) Social-cognitive
D) Reasoned action
E) None of the above
Q3) This theory suggests that individuals become conditioned to specific stimuli to act in a specific way.
A)Self-determination theory
B)Modeling behavior
C)Empowerment
D)Classical conditioning
E)Operant conditioning
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Chapter 9: Lesson Plan Development
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Q1) Which domain includes feelings, attitudes, values, and interests?
A) Affective
B) Cognitive
C) Psychomotor
D) Application
E) None of the above
Q2) The teaching method of demonstration involves the use of specific case studies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which learning level implies that knowledge is gained?
A) Problem solving
B) Application
C) Psychomotor
D) Knowledge
E) None of the above
Q4) The cognitive domain represents intellectual skills.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Target Populations
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Q1) What disability is either present at birth or occurs during the developmental period?
A) Acute
B) Developmental
C) Life-threatening
D) Accidental
E) None of the above
Q2) Medical conditions frequently affect oral health.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What group of disease damages a person's joints?
A) Arthritis
B) Crohn's disease
C) Asthma
D) Depression
E) All of the above
Q4) A presentation provided to pregnant women should include information on early childhood caries.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Cultural Competency
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Q1) A person's ethnicity refers to ________.
A) Cultural heritage
B) Physical characteristics
C) Hair color
D) European country of origin
E) All of the above
Q2) What is the term used when numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups are present and tolerated within a society?
A) Ethnocentrism
B) Pluralism
C) Cross-cultural
D) Cultural diversity
E) None of the above
Q3) Communication can be accomplished ________.
A) Orally
B) In writing
C) By body language
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Program Planning
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Q1) The Fones prevention program planning model includes education as an integral part in prevention.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Personnel needs, sometimes referred to as workforce needs, are analyzed during which stage?
A) Planning
B) Assessment
C) Implementation
D) Dental hygiene diagnosis
E) Evaluation
Q3) Program planning is more than just planning a program; it encompasses the entire dental hygiene process of care.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The planning and implementation flowchart does not leave room to identify alternative strategies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Program Evaluation
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Q1) The focus on evaluation should occur during which stage of the program?
A) Evaluation
B) Assessment
C) Implementation
D) Planning
E) All of the above
Q2) When studying decreases in dental caries experiences, Healthy People 2020 measures the percentage of persons with at least three teeth extracted due to caries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A National Oral Health Surveillance system has been developed based on a set of oral health indicators used by Healthy People 2020.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Both caries experience and complete tooth loss are specific indicators of dental disease.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Research in Dental Hygiene
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Q1) Which source provides funding for the educational and research activities of dental hygienists?
A) ADHA Institute of Oral Health
B) Local businesses
C) Chip
D) Medicaid
Q2) What is a body of techniques that uses observation, reason, and experimentation to further evidence?
A) Science measurement
B) Scientific method
C) Evidence-based method
D) Retroactive method
E) Both A and B
Q3) Which is NOT an attribute of Scholarly Identity?
A) Gives little regard to the work of other dental hygiene scholars and disciplines
B) Disseminates the findings of one's work through scientific publication
C) Has a sense of dental hygiene discipline as a whole
D) Uses evidence to support one's viewpoint
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Chapter 15: Ethical Principles in Research
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Q1) Government entities such as the state department review research conducted in the private sector.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ethical behavior in research may be described as what is ________.
A) Right
B) Legal
C) Fair
D) Both A and B
E) all of the above
Q3) What act adds to the confidentiality of patient records?
A) HIPPO
B) HIPAA
C) IRB
D) BEG
E) Both A and B
Q4) As a result of the Belmont Report, medical research became a slow, laborious process with many checks and balances to protect human subjects.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Research Process
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Q1) Designed to determine the meaning of past events
A)Case report
B)Descriptive approach
C)Case study
D)Historical approach
E)Cohort
Q2) A small version of a proposed study is called a ________.
A) Case study
B) Pilot study
C) Controlled study
D) Pivotal study
E) Both A and C
Q3) Which type of research approach would involve a study of the development of the International Federation of Dental Hygienists' Association?
A) Case study
B) Historical
C) Descriptive
D) Ex post facto
E) Both A and B
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Biostatistics
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Q1) The median is the ________.
A) Average
B) Most frequently occurring value
C) Midpoint
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
Q2) This refers to a relationship or association between variables that can be measured mathematically.
A) Set limit theorem
B) Correlation
C) Trend
D) Causality
E) Both A and B
Q3) A histogram uses dots on a frequency table.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A bar graph is used to present categorical data.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Oral Epidemiology
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Q1) The study of the cause(s) of disease
A)Morbidity
B)Endemic
C)Epidemic
D)Pandemic
E)Validity
F)Index
G)Incidence
H)Epidemiology
I)Prevalence
J)Disease rates
K)Mortality
L)Causality
M)Etiology
N)Risk factors
O)Reliability
P)Surveillance
Q2) Establishing risk is the same as establishing causality.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Current Oral Epidemiological Findings
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Q1) Certain local and systemic factors may favor this overgrowth condition
A)Dental sealants
B)Candidiasis
C)Teenagers
D)Oral cancer
E)Herpes simplex virus
F)Systemic diseases
G)Epidemiology
H)Community water fluoridation
I)Adults
J)Gingivitis
K)Posterior teeth
L)Recurrent aphthous ulcer
M)Anterior teeth
N)Cleft lip/palate
O)Dental caries
P)Endemic
Q2) Bacterial plaque converts all foods, especially sugar, into acid.
A)True
B)False
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Evaluation of Scientific Literature and Dental Products
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Q1) The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ________.
A) Institute of Medicine
B) Food and Drug Administration
C) American Dental Hygienists' Association
D) American Medical Association
E) American Dental Association
Q2) Which of the following sources can be used to locate information on dental care products?
A) Sales representatives
B) Internet
C) Colleagues
D) Lay magazines
E) All of the above
Q3) Findings of a study
A)Literature review
B)Methodology
C)Results and discussions
D)Introduction
E)Abstract
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Chapter 21: Careers in Dental Public Health
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Q1) Which agency is committed to improving the health of the nation's underserved by uniting communities in need with health providers?
A) Food and Drug Administration
B) National Medical Marines
C) National Health Service Corps
D) U.S. Peace Corps
E) None of the above
Q2) A dental hygienist must have a bachelor's degree in dental hygiene or a related field when working with the National Health Service Corps.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dental hygienists who are in business for themselves are referred to as ________.
A) Active consultants
B) Independent contractors
C) Civil servants
D) Employees
E) None of the above
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Chapter 22: Strategies for Creating Dental Hygiene
Positions in Dental Public Health Settings
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Q1) Which stage(s) is (are) used to create a dental hygiene program?
A) Implementation
B) Dental hygiene program
C) Assessment
D) Evaluation
E) All of the above
Q2) Public relations planning should commence during which stage?
A) Assessment
B) Planning
C) Dental hygiene diagnosis
D) Evaluation
E) Implementation
Q3) Which issues should be defined during the planning stages and further refined during the implementation and evaluation stages?
A) Management
B) Service
C) Marketing
D) Practice management
E) None of the above
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