Radiographic Equipment and Quality Control
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth examination of the operational principles and components of radiographic equipment used in medical imaging. Students will explore the design, function, and maintenance of X-ray machines, image receptors, and ancillary devices. Emphasis is placed on understanding the factors that affect image quality, including exposure parameters, equipment calibration, and image processing techniques. The course also covers quality control procedures essential for ensuring the safety, accuracy, and consistency of diagnostic images, as well as the compliance with regulatory standards. Through theoretical study and practical application, students will develop the skills needed to assess equipment performance, troubleshoot common issues, and implement corrective actions to maintain high-quality radiographic imaging in clinical settings.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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10 Chapters
500 Verified Questions
500 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) While DICOM is concerned primarily with images from the digital image acquisition modalities, HL-7 is concerned mainly with textual information from the ____ and ____.
A) HIS; RIS
B) CCD; HIS
C) PACS; RIS
D) CCD; PACS
Answer: A
Q2) Direct conversion digital radiography systems use detectors that convert X-rays directly into ____________________.
Answer: electrical signals
Q3) The application of information technology to medical imaging is referred to as ____________________.
Answer: medical imaging informatics
Q4) An important element of image and data communications is that of ____________________.
Answer: image compression
Q5) Film-based imaging is limited in its ____________________. Answer: contrast resolution
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pixels in a digital image represent the information contained in a volume of tissue in the patient.What is this volume called?
A) bit depth
B) voxel
C) spatial resolution
D) pixel
Answer: B
Q2) All digital radiography imaging modalities including CR, flat-panel digital radiography, digital mammography, and digital fluoroscopy, utilize digital image processing as a central feature of their operations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Both past and current day processing technologies include a wide range of image processing algorithms for use in digital radiology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ involves both sampling the analog signal and quantization.
Answer: Digitization
Q2) The emitted light from the CR is optically filtered and collected by the light channeling guide, or light collection optics.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Post-processing deals with shading corrections, pattern recognition, and exposure field recognition.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Quality control (QC)is a component of QA and refers specifically to the ___________________ of important variables that affect image quality and radiation dose.
Answer: monitoring
Q5) Once the fixed stationary IP is exposed, the ____________________ image is acquired using a scanning technology appropriate to the system.
Answer: patent
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would substantial (>2x)overexposure of a body part generate in proportion to the overexposure?
A) high kVp
B) fogging effect
C) low contrast
D) additional scatter
Q2) If the receptor is overexposed by a factor of ____, one would assume that the patient received an equally high exposure.
A) 2X
B) 3X
C) 4X
D) 5X
Q3) With screen/film imaging, the ____________________ of the effect of technical factors is normally based on the image appearance rather that on the physics behind the appearance.
Q4) The optimal alignment is field-centered to the ____________________ with four collimation margins parallel to the cassette edges.
Q5) With cassette-based PSP systems (CR), ____________________ resolution becomes a bit more complicated.
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Flat-panel detectors can be used in portable radiography applications and in applications involving ____________________.
Q2) With selenium drum technology, a negative charge is first placed on the drum, which is then exposed to X-rays.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following images is obtained initially from the detector and contains artifacts due to the bad detector elements?
A) flat-field
B) pre-processed
C) post-processed
D) raw digital
Q4) A higher MTF value at ____________________ spatial frequencies means that the detector provides better contrast resolution.
Q5) The flat-panel TFT digital detector is designed as a matrix of detector elements, each of which can be regarded as a(n)____________________.
Q6) In imaging, the goal is to obtain good ____________________ information in the image.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)____ couples the video camera to the television monitor by means of a coaxial cable and control electronics.
A) X-ray tube and generator
B) closed-circuit X-ray television
C) grid-controlled X-ray tube
D) X-ray beam
Q2) The ____________________ ratio of an image intensifier tube is the ratio of the image brightness at the periphery to that at the center of the output screen.
Q3) The ____ changes the image contrast and the ____ changes the brightness of the image.
A) WW; WL
B) WL; WW
C) DSA; WL
D) DSA; WW
Q4) The energy subtraction operation is based on subtraction of images taken at different ___________________.
Q5) ____________________ subtraction involves the digital subtraction of images in time.
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ uses the principles of conventional tomography to produce tomographic images that are intended to enhance the conspicuity of lesions by blurring out structures above and below the layer of interest.
A) Digital tomosynthesis
B) CAD systems
C) Quantitation
D) Discriminant analysis
Q2) Mammography was developed as a dedicated imaging technique to detect breast cancer that has become prevalent among women in Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mammography must be able to show the ____________________ between a lesion that is located in the breast and the normal anatomy that is around that lesion.
Q4) Digital mammography (DM)is radiography of the breast using a digital detector coupled to a computer that makes use of digital image processing techniques to enhance the visibility of detail and contrast of the image.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to integrate the two information systems, the RIS and the HIS, several data ____________________ standards have been developed.
Q2) ____ refers to storage devices that must be retrieved by an individual and loaded into a drive for access to images.
A) Online storage
B) Nearline storage
C) Long-term storage
D) Offline storage
Q3) The ultimate goal of workflow is to improve patient care and the efficiency of various processes, from patient registration and image acquisition to report generation, archiving, and image/report distribution throughout the health care enterprise.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For the management and care of patients, PACS have been implemented largely in hospitals and clinics where health care and medical information are the primary focus.These systems can also be used for teaching and ____________________ purposes.
Q5) PACS workstations and their use is that of workstation ____________________.
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ deals with the structure and function of a computer, and how it can be used to solve problems.
A) Information technology
B) Imaging informatics
C) Computer technology
D) Communications technology
Q2) The results of computer processing can be displayed on monitors for viewing by a human observer.What is this called?
A) storage
B) input
C) processing
D) output
Q3) Individuals who complete both CPIA and CPSA can apply to write which examination?
A) PACS
B) PARCA
C) HIMSS
D) CPSM
Q4) Data transmission requires some sort of ____________________ to do the task.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acquiring a ____ image according to the specific conditions of the manufacturer makes it possible to verify uniformity, absence of receptor defects, gain, and the value of the DR exposure indicator.
A) flat-field
B) ghost
C) process map
D) digital
Q2) The specific QC tests that are required for digital mammography are those specified by the imaging equipment manufacturer, with the exception of the limitation on maximum radiation dose, which is not more than that allowed for a ____.
A) task allocation matrix
B) GSDF
C) screen-film mammography
D) DR
Q3) The one test that can and should be done for every DR image is a(n)____________________ assessment of image quality before release.
Q4) One of the tasks of the technologist after the DR image is acquired determining whether the image is underexposed or ____________________.
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