Radiation Biology for Radiologic Technologists
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course provides radiologic technologists with a comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of ionizing radiation on living tissue. Students will explore the interactions between radiation and cells, tissues, and organs, with emphasis on the mechanisms of cellular damage, repair processes, and radiation dose-response relationships. The curriculum covers both short-term and long-term biological effects, radiation safety principles, dose measurement, and regulatory guidelines to ensure patient and operator protection. Ethical considerations and current research in radiation biology are discussed to prepare technologists for safe practice in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic environments.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 7th Edition by Mary Sherer
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14 Chapters
339 Verified Questions
339 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The TRACE program consists of:
1)rewriting regulatory standards.
2)formulating new policies and procedures to promote radiation safety and the implementation of patient and community awareness.
3)technologic enhancements.
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified?
A) ALARA program
B) BERT method
C) Efficacy
D) TRACE program
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),radon levels in homes should not exceed what level?
A) 200 pCi/L
B) 135 pCi/L
C) 47 pCi/L
D) 4 pCi/L
Answer: D
Q2) Both occupational and nonoccupational dose limits may be stated in: 1)coulombs per kilogram.
2)grays.
3)Sieverts.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atoms
A) increases markedly, decreases B) decreases markedly, increases C) increases markedly, increases D) stays the same, increases
Answer: C
Q2) Which two interactions between x-radiation and matter may result in the production of small-angle scatter?
A) Photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering
B) Coherent scattering and Compton scattering
C) Photoelectric absorption and pair production
D) Coherent scattering and pair production
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the diagnostic radiology energy range from 23 to 150 kVp (which includes mammography),which of the following tissues possesses the greatest ability to absorb radiant energy through the process of photoelectric absorption?
A) Air
B) Bone
C) Fat
D) Muscle
Q2) Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient's body surface?
A) Absorbed dose
B) Dose area product
C) Effective dose
D) Equivalent dose
Q3) Beta particles are actually:
A) gamma rays.
B) high-speed electrons.
C) protons.
D) x-rays.
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Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following devices contains an aluminum oxide detector?
A) Film badge dosimeter
B) Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
C) Pocket ionization chamber
D) Thermoluminescent dosimeter
Q2) Whenever the letter "M" appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report,it signifies that:
A) a mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose.
B) an equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
C) an equivalent dose less than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
D) a maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time.
Q3) Which of the following items is not a basic component of the film badge dosimeter?
A) Radiographic film packet
B) Durable plastic film holder
C) Charged electrodes
D) Assortment of metal filters
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What should the constant temperature of the human body be?
A) 28° C
B) 37° C
C) 43° C
D) 57° C
Q2) Inorganic materials are compounds that:
A) contain only very small amounts of carbon.
B) contain moderate amounts of carbon.
C) contain large amounts of carbon.
D) do not contain carbon.
Q3) Which of the following are compounds called purines?
1)Adenine and cytosine
2)Adenine and guanine
3)Adenine and thymine
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
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Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following tissues contain cells that do not divide?
1)Epithelial tissue
2)Muscle tissue
3)Nervous tissue in an adult
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Q2) Based on current data,which of the following would be considered a safe radiation dose for the gonads of both males and females?
A) 5 Gyt
B) 3 Gyt
C) 1 Gyt
D) 0 Gyt
Q3) The term apoptosis is synonymous with:
A) programmed cell death.
B) meiosis.
C) mitosis.
D) point mutation.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Early Deterministic Radiation Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a result of numerous reported patient injuries that have been associated with the use of ____________________,better management of the use of such procedures is essential.
A) computed tomography
B) high-level fluoroscopy
C) routine chest radiography
D) routine fluoroscopy
Q2) During the major response stages of acute radiation syndrome after the initial stage,the period when symptoms that affect the hematopoietic,gastrointestinal,and cerebrovascular systems become visible,is called:
A) the latent period.
B) manifest illness.
C) the prodromal syndrome.
D) recovery.
Q3) Grenz rays were once used to treat and cure:
A) Acute radiation syndrome.
B) cancer.
C) lupus disease.
D) skin diseases such as ringworm.
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Chapter 9: Late Deterministic and Stochastic Radiation
Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups of people exposed to ionizing radiation provide proof that low-level radiation exposure produces late effects?
A) 135,000 evacuees from the 1986 nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine
B) Japanese atomic bomb survivors
C) Children of the Marshall Islanders who were inadvertently subjected to fallout during the atomic bomb test in 1954
D) None of the above
Q2) Radiation-induced cataracts in humans follow a ______ dose-response relationship.
A) nonlinear, nonthreshold
B) linear, nonthreshold
C) linear, threshold
D) nonlinear, threshold
Q3) Radium decays with a half-life of:
A) 8 days.
B) 50 years.
C) 500 years.
D) 1622 years
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Effective dose (EfD) limits may be expressed for:
1)whole-body exposure.
2)partial-body exposure.
3)exposure of individual organs.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Q2) The responsibility for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and for providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits belongs to the:
A) director of human resources of a health care facility.
B) designated radiation safety officer of a health care facility.
C) hospital administrator.
D) radiologic technologist in charge of quality control.
Q3) Which of the following terms means "random in nature"?
A) Deterministic
B) Epidemiologic
C) Nonstochastic
D) Stochastic
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Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sharper size restriction of the radiographic beam is achieved when a cone or cylinder is:
A) longer.
B) shorter.
C) made of aluminum.
D) made of durable plastic.
Q2) When the speed of screen-film systems doubles,for example,when changing from a 200-speed to a 400-speed system,patient radiation exposure is ______ by approximately ______.
A) increased, 25%
B) increased, 50%
C) reduced, 25%
D) reduced, 50%
Q3) Which of the following is not an x-ray beam limitation device?
A) Aperture diaphragm
B) Collimator
C) Filter
D) Extension cylinder
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13
Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) When automatic exposure control (AEC) is not used,then to ensure uniform selection of technical x-ray exposure factors,efficient imaging departments: A) estimate technical exposure factors for all radiographic examinations. B) have the radiologist determine and set up all technical exposure factor charts. C) use technique charts borrowed from another imaging facility. D) use standardized technique charts for each x-ray unit.
Q2) Studies of groups such as the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima have shown that damage to newborns is unlikely for doses below:
A) 5 Gy.
B) 2 Gy.
C) 0.5 Gy.
D) 0.2 Gy.
Q3) The genetically significant dose (GSD) for the population of the United States is about:
A) 1.00 mSv.
B) 0.80 mSv.
C) 0.40 mSv.
D) 0.20 mSv.
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Chapter 13: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is another term for use factor (U)?
A) Workload factor
B) Occupancy factor in controlled and uncontrolled areas
C) Beam direction factor
D) Protective barrier thickness consideration factor
Q2) Because occupational exposure of the radiographer can be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) through individual monitoring and other protective measures and the use of protective devices and because exposure from radiation-related jobs will not alter the ______________________,radiation workers may receive a larger equivalent dose than members of the general population.
A) mean glandular dose
B) genetically significant dose
C) bone marrow dose
D) tissue tolerance dose
Q3) Who should determine the exact shielding requirements for a particular imaging facility?
A) Administrator of the facility
B) Medical physicist
C) Radiologist
D) Radiographer
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Chapter 14: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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15 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Therapeutic radioisotopes are characterized by:
A) very short half-lives.
B) half-lives that are exactly the same.
C) relatively long half-lives.
D) half-lives that remain constant for all eternity.
Q2) If enough explosives are used to spread radioactive material over a broad area,then radioactivity is:
A) extremely hazardous and may be much higher than background levels.
B) moderately hazardous and may be higher than background levels.
C) slightly hazardous and may be only slightly higher than background levels.
D) diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.
Q3) In __________,a neutron transforms itself into a combination of a proton and an energetic electron.
A) alpha decay
B) beta decay
C) gamma decay
D) x-ray absorption
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