Quantitative Research in Education Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Quantitative Research in Education introduces students to the principles and practices of quantitative methodologies commonly used in educational research. The course covers key concepts such as research design, variables, hypothesis formulation, sampling techniques, data collection instruments, and statistical analysis. Emphasis is placed on developing skills for designing empirical studies, interpreting statistical results, and critically evaluating the validity and reliability of quantitative research findings. Students will gain experience in using software tools for data analysis and will learn to communicate research results effectively in both written and graphical formats. This foundational course prepares students to conduct their own quantitative research and to critically assess published studies in the field of education.
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Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Applications Global Edition 11th Edition by
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Research
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Q1) The type of qualitative research that includes conducting research on a unit of study or bounded system is most often referred to as
A) narrative
B) case study
C) ethnography
D) survey
Answer: B
Q2) The first step of the scientific method is to
A) recognize and define a problem.
B) describe and execute research procedures.
C) analyze the collected data.
D) formulate hypotheses.
Answer: A
Q3) Developing generalizations from a limited number of related observations or experiences is referred to as
A) deductive reasoning.
B) inductive reasoning.
C) scientific method.
D) reliance on tradition.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Selecting and Defining a Research Topic
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Q1) The following are characteristic of a good research problem EXCEPT
A) The problem has theoretical or practical significance.
B) The problem can be investigated through the collection and analysis of data.
C) The problem can be investigated within a set period of time.
D) The problem is investigates what individuals should do.
Answer: D
Q2) Dei read this really interesting study that examined the benefits of a structured program that taught problem-solving to disadvantaged children. Although the population that he works with is not considered disadvantaged, Dei would like to conduct a similar study at his school. Of the following types of studies, which best describes Dei's idea?
A) Extension
B) Generalization
C) Application
D) Replication
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Reviewing the Literature
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Q1) The first step in conducting a literature search is
A) to identify the journals you will search.
B) to identify keywords related to the research.
C) to select the database you wish to search.
D) to specify a search strategy.
Answer: B
Q2) Of the following, which is likely a peer-reviewed source for an instructional design study?
A) a class textbook.
B) a chapter from an edited book.
C) a magazine article.
D) an article in a scholarly journal.
Answer: D
Q3) If you were to set a priority on searching one database for your educational literature review for a study, what database would you search?
A) ERIC
B) PsycINFO
C) Sociofile
D) EDUC ABSTRACTS
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Preparing and Evaluating a Research Plan
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Q1) Which of the following is a suggestion for qualitative researchers regarding conducting fieldwork prior to their proposal?
A) Fieldwork is conducted only after the research plan is approved.
B) Fieldwork conducted prior to the proposal is unethical.
C) Fieldwork prior to proposal is unadvisable as it may decrease potential participants.
D) Fieldwork conducted prior to the formal proposal is advisable.
Q2) In which of the following quantitative research plan sections is the description of the research participants generally presented?
A) Introduction
B) Method
C) Data analysis
D) Appendix
Q3) In the review of the literature for a research plan, qualitative researchers are likely to
A) identify assumptions and theories that underlie research questions.
B) write their hypotheses prior to reviewing the literature.
C) identify the important variables to be studied.
D) not include any review of literature.
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Chapter 5: Selecting a Sample
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Q1) One benefit of cluster sampling is that it
A) is effective for use in school research.
B) assures limited sampling error.
C) is more generalizable than simple random sampling.
D) assures all members of the population can be in a treatment condition.
Q2) Allie collected data from 22 medical education faculty at a large research university in the Midwest United States regarding their opinions of problem-based learning. Which of the following represents Allie's accessible population?
A) All medical education faculty
B) Medical education faculty in the Midwest United States
C) Medical education faculty in her sample
D) Medical education faculty at the University
Q3) In simple random sampling, after the researcher has determined the desired sample size, the next step is to
A) identify the population.
B) define the population.
C) list all members of the population.
D) select an arbitrary number from the table of random numbers.
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Chapter 6: Selecting Measurement Instruments
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Q1) The Buros Center for Testing's Mental Measurements Yearbook provides A) a directory of all test publishers.
B) reviews of various forms of tests.
C) copies of tests to use for research and practice.
D) formulas to use to compute reliability coefficients.
Q2) Sal recently took an instrument that asked him to rate his opinions about the effectiveness of different instructional practices as 'Strongly Agree', 'Agree', 'Uncertain', 'Disagree', 'Strongly Disagree'. This instrument is using a
A) Semantic Differential Scale.
B) Guttman Scale.
C) Likert Scale.
D) Thurstone Scale.
Q3) The type of validity that addresses if the test appears to measure the variable of interest is referred to as ________________ validity.
A) content
B) criterion-related
C) construct
D) consequential
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Chapter 7: Survey Research
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Q1) Ida is a teacher who is interested in other teachers' opinions of full day versus part day kindergarten programs. Ida's study can best be described as a
A) developmental survey.
B) school survey.
C) practical survey.
D) sample survey.
Q2) Don studies high school seniors' concerns about world events during their post-secondary experiences. He surveys the entire senior class state-wide. Every year, for eight years, he surveys the senior class that year. Don is using a ___________ type of survey.
A) cross-sectional
B) trend
C) cohort
D) panel
Q3) After identifying a topic, survey researchers next
A) select an appropriate sample.
B) review the literature.
C) collect valid and reliable data.
D) examine the research context.
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Chapter 8: Correlational Research
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Q1) A Phi coefficient is used for
A) rank level data.
B) continuous level data.
C) artificial dichotomous level data.
D) true dichotomous level data.
Q2) Sam concluded in his research report that as class size increased teaching efficacy also increased. Of the following which is a correlation coefficient would best support Sam's claim.
A) -.82
B) .09
C) .24
D) .68
Q3) Generally, when more variables are added to a prediction equation
A) more variance in the criterion variable is accounted for.
B) more variance in the predictor variables are accounted for.
C) less variance in the criterion variable is accounted for.
D) less variance in the predictor variable is accounted for.
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Chapter 9: Causal-Comparative Research
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Q1) Katrina has conducted a study that examines entering children's social skills. She had first-grade teachers rate students' social skills at the end of first grade. She then compared the scores of students who attended formal Pre-Kindergarten programs with those who did not. What is the independent variable in Katrina's study?
A) Social Skills
B) First grade teachers
C) Pre-Kindergarten program
D) First grade
Q2) Ms. Angelo examines whether there are differences in students' gain achievement scores from the last administration based upon the nature of the out of class reading she assigns during the school year. In two of her sections, she allows students to read seven books that they want to read. In two of her other sections, she assigns seven texts. In her last two sections she assigns four texts and allows students to select three. What is the dependent measure in Ms. Angelo's study?
A) Type of books read
B) Eighth grade students
C) Gain achievement scores
D) Number of books read
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Chapter 10: Experimental Research
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Q1) Which of the following is a threat to external validity?
A) Statistical regression
B) Testing effects
C) Specificity of variables
D) Instrumentation
Q2) Consider the example of Roy, a researcher who studies the role of worked examples in engineering education. He measures students test performance and ratings of their instructors. He randomly assigns classes to condition. Roy argues that his research is experimental. However, you argue that it is quasi-experimental given the following reason.
A) He randomly assigned intact groups not individual students
B) Ratings of instructors are not measured in experiments.
C) He uses a correlational approach to the study.
D) There is no dependent variable in his research study.
Q3) In experimental studies, but NOT in other studies,
A) the researcher manipulates the dependent variables.
B) the researcher manipulates the independent variables.
C) the researcher tries to eliminate the effects of extraneous variables.
D) the researcher examines a priori differences between groups.
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Chapter 11: Single-Subject Experimental Research
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Q1) According to your text, which of the following represents a critical internal validity threat of single-subjects designs overall?
A) Instrumentation
B) Generalization
C) History
D) Selection
Q2) Jane conducts an A-B-A single-subject study to examine a new strategy to assist students' stuttering. In Janice's study the "B" represents the A) stuttering.
B) baseline.
C) intervention.
D) observation.
Q3) Another name for the simultaneous treatment design is the ________________ design.
A) alternating treatment
B) experimenter manipulated
C) multiple baseline
D) return to baseline
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Chapter 12: Narrative Research
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Q1) Which of the following best characterizes activities during the first phase of restorying?
A) The researcher shares his version of the narrative and solicits feedback.
B) The researcher conducts interviews and transcribes the recording.
C) The researcher constructs an initial narrative of the data.
D) The researcher presents her personal narrative to be ethical.
Q2) Ken is a narrative researcher. Of the following, which is the most likely purpose for his study of multiethnic classrooms?
A) To help the school create policies to assist incoming students
B) To understand a teacher's experiences in a dynamic multiethnic classroom
C) To correlate student performance with teacher experiences teaching in multi-ethnic schools
D) To examine differences in student achievement by teacher ethnicity in multiethnic schools
Q3) To address issues of trustworthiness, narrative researchers
A) use only valid instruments.
B) rely on inter-observer reliability.
C) triangulate their data.
D) rely on a single participant to assure validity.
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Chapter 13: Ethnographic Research
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Q1) Kent is an ethnographer interested in the experiences of superintendents who deal with serious school violence incidents. Of the following which is most likely a primary research strategy for Kent?
A) He will survey superintendents regarding the strategies they have in place to handle such incidents.
B) He will shadow a superintendent during and for six months after a serious incident.
C) He will interview superintendents who have dealt with such incidents regarding the perceived strengths and weaknesses of their approach.
D) He will observe and interview parents whose children were affected by a serious school violence incident.
Q2) Of the following types of ethnographies, which represents a report of the ethnographer's field work experiences?
A) Microethnography
B) Critical ethnography
C) Ethnographic case study
D) Confessional ethnography
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Chapter 14: Case Study Research
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Q1) Nate conducted a study with the purpose of describing the role of teachers' collective efficacy in work climate. He examined four schools in the Philadelphia City School District. Nate's case study can best be described as which of the following?
A) Multi-site case study
B) Unique-site case study
C) Cross-site case study
D) Matrix case study
Q2) George is employing a case study methodology to examine the role of principals in increasing inter-staff communication. As he starts to work with his case study participants, he realizes two of the three are unwilling to talk to him about the principal. Which of the following strategies might George have employed to combat this situation?
A) Pilot testing
B) Screening
C) Sifting
D) Fact checking
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Chapter 15: Mixed Methods Research
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Questions
Q1) Mechteld is primarily interested in strategies that increase students' interest and achievement in mathematics. She begins with interviews of students. Based on those qualitative findings, she then develops an interest questionnaire. Mechteld's sampling for the questionnaire should involve
A) purposive sampling from a new set of participants from the same population.
B) all participants from the qualitative phase.
C) random sampling from a new set of participants from the same population.
D) purposive sampling of participants from the qualitative phase.
Q2) Chris is studying computer lab culture in post-secondary schools. He goes to the local 24-hour lab and observes four times a week for an academic year. He occasionally seeks some information from those in the lab about what they are doing via informal interviews. Chris is best illustrating
A) qualitative research.
B) convergent parallel research.
C) exploratory sequential research.
D) explanatory sequential research.
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Chapter 16: Action Research
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Q1) Taylor is conducting an action research study of the acceptance of second language learners in her school by other students. According to typical practice and your text, the types of data sources Taylor will collect for her action research study will most likely include
A) national standardized Reading test scores administered by the district.
B) observations of student interactions during school hours.
C) surveys of parents' preferences for the nature of English language instruction.
D) interviews of administrators' opinions about second language learning.
Q2) Emancipatory action research is also known as _____________ action research.
A) practical
B) applied
C) critical
D) reflective
Q3) Educational action research is generally conducted by A) school board members.
B) superintendents.
C) policy analysts.
D) teachers.
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Chapter 17: Descriptive Statistics
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Q1) The mean of the following distribution 1,2,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,8,9 is:
A) 2.
B) 4.
C) 5.
D) 6.
Q2) The measure of central tendency appropriate for nominal data is the A) mode.
B) standard deviation.
C) mean.
D) median.
Q3) The most commonly used measure of variability used with interval and ratio data is the A) standard deviation. B) mean.
C) quartile deviation.
D) range.
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Chapter 18: Inferential Statistics
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Q1) Given a set of scores in a normal distribution with a mean of 80, standard deviation of 4, and sample size of 100. If the sample were increased to 200 participants would we expect to happen to the standard error?
A) The standard error would be unaffected
B) The standard error would decrease
C) The standard error would increase
D) The standard error would double
Q2) Independent samples refer to samples
A) selected from different populations.
B) selected from the same population.
C) known to be different on extraneous variables.
D) selected based upon a stratified sample.
Q3) Given a set of scores with a mean of 25, standard deviation of 4 and a sample size of 50, calculate the standard error of the mean.
A) .36
B) .57
C) 1.75
D) 2.42
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Chapter 19: Qualitative Data Collection
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Q1) Lan is working on a study of teachers' use of technology in their classrooms. She uses observation as her primary data collection method. Which of the following research sites is likely MOST pertinent to Lan's study?
A) Faculty/Staff rooms where teachers' talk about technology
B) Conference sessions that teachers attend about technology
C) The classrooms of her teacher participants
D) The computer lab that the students go to after school.
Q2) Debbie was observing classes in a small rural school as part of her study on opportunities in the arts in diverse school districts. She heard several teachers make reference to the upcoming 'play day' within the context of their lessons. Not knowing what the 'play day' was, Debbie pulled the principal aside and asked her to explain. In this example, Debbie is best illustrating a(n)
A) formal interview.
B) structured interview.
C) semi-structured interview.
D) informal interview.
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Chapter 20: Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation
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Q1) Of the following, which is an important question for data interpretation?
A) Why did I collect this much data?
B) What is important in these data?
C) How can I classify these data?
D) How can I manage these data?
Q2) Qualitative data analysis is a process of
A) deduction.
B) induction.
C) generalizability.
D) objectivity.
Q3) Karen is an instructional researcher interested in the interactions among learners in discussion groups. Not only does Karen have observational notes, and interview notes, she also has verbatim discourse of students' discussions. According to your text, of the following, which is the most appropriate first step for Karen to take in order to analyze her data?
A) Code her field notes.
B) Code her discussion data
C) Classify her observational data.
D) Sequence all notes with labels.
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Chapter 21: Preparing a Research Report
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Q1) Which of the following example sentences is an appropriate presentation of numbers in a research report?
A) The participants in the study included 4 children.
B) 500 children participated in the study.
C) There were seventeen schools that participated in the study.
D) The study included 232 students.
Q2) Of the following, which is the best example of a conclusion in a study that examined funding for extra-curricular activities?
A) The correlation between achievement and extra-curricular activities was statistically significant.
B) The results supported a difference in achievement between those who participated in extra-curricular activities and those who did not participate.
C) The effect size was .58.
D) The participant stated support for additional funding for extra-curricular activities.
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Chapter 22: Evaluating a Research Report
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Q1) Marv needs to add a section indicating his 'full cycle' in the field to his research report. What type of research did Marv likely conduct?
A) Narrative
B) Ethnographic
C) Experimental
D) Correlational
Q2) Ntozake conducted a study in which she observed bullying in a middle school physical education environment. She conducted the study over a three-week time period. This may not have been long enough to combat observer effects. This illustrates which of the following concerns with conclusions from Ntozake's study?
A) An instrumentation threat
B) An internal validity threat
C) A history threat
D) An external validity threat
Q3) The section of a report where the generalizations are critiqued is the A) results
B) discussion.
C) method.
D) introduction.
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