Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods in Nursing Practice Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of both quantitative and qualitative research methods as applied to nursing practice. Students will learn how to design, conduct, and critically evaluate nursing research by understanding various methodological approaches, data collection techniques, and data analysis strategies. The course covers key topics such as formulation of research questions, sampling procedures, measurement tools, statistical analysis, and qualitative data interpretation. Emphasis is placed on the ethical considerations in research, as well as the application of evidence-based practice to improve patient care and outcomes. Through practical exercises and critical appraisal of current nursing research, students will gain the skills necessary to contribute to the advancement of nursing knowledge and practice.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Research 8th Edition by
Geri LoBiondoWood
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Chapter 1: Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
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Q1) Developing nurse researchers at a younger age is a priority for the future in the nursing profession for which reasons? (Select all that apply.)
A) Enhancing the discipline's scientific development
B) Increasing the longevity of research careers
C) Receiving more research funding for professional organizations
D) Promoting mentoring opportunities for novice researchers
E) Increasing nursing's role in pharmaceutical research
Answer: A, B, D
Q2) The nurse is analyzing a qualitative research article. In which section of the article is the nurse likely to find a summary of legal-ethical issues considered in the study?
A) Data collection or procedures
B) Findings or results
C) Discussion or implications
D) Abstract or introduction
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) A nurse has defined the research question as, "How does oral nutritional supplementation during dialysis treatments affect the serum albumin levels of adult patients who have chronic kidney disease Stage 5?" In this question, what is the independent variable?
A) Adult patients with chronic kidney disease Stage 5
B) Oral nutritional supplementation
C) During dialysis treatments
D) Serum albumin levels
Answer: B
Q2) A nurse's research question is, "How does maternal employment among health care professionals affect infant health during the first 6 months of life?" In this question, what is the dependent variable?
A) Infant health
B) Maternal employment
C) First 6 months of life
D) Health care professionals
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Which is an example of a \(\bold{secondary}\) source in a literature review?
A) An oral history of a nurse researcher
B) An investigator's report of a research study
C) A summary and critique of another's scholarly work
D) An autobiography of a developer of a nursing theory
Answer: C
Q2) A research article has undergone a blind review for a peer-reviewed journal. The nurse reading the research article should understand which of the following about this review process?
A) The reviewers of the article did not know the identity of the other reviewers.
B) The reviewers of the article did not know the identity of the author.
C) The criteria used to review the article were not known to the author.
D) The criteria used to review the article were determined by the reviewers.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Theoretical Frameworks for Research
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Q1) Which phrase correctly defines a theory?
A) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework
B) The assumptions and beliefs of the worldview of the researcher
C) A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon
D) A researcher's best guess of the direction of the relationship between variables
Q2) Which research report title suggests that theory was used as the framework for the study, rather than being generated as the outcome of the study?
A) The experiences of nurse practitioners providing health care to the homeless (Seilor, A.J. & Moss, V.A., 2012)
B) A transformative decision-making process for mammography screening among rural, low-income women (Purtzer, M.S., 2012)
C) A randomized, clinical trial of education or motivational-interviewing-based coaching compared to usual care to improve cancer pain management (Thomas, M.L., et al., 2012)
D) Older adults' perceptions of feeling safe in an intensive care unit (Lasiter, S., 2011)
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) Computer management of qualitative data can assist a nurse researcher with which of these processes?
A) Organization of data
B) Interpretation of data
C) Credibility of data
D) Synthesis of data
Q2) A characteristic of qualitative research data is that they are what?
A) In text form
B) Dichotomous
C) Free of patterns
D) Inappropriate for analysis
Q3) Which of Kearney's categories of qualitative findings describes a phenomenon portrayed vividly from a new perspective?
A) Restricted by a priori frameworks
B) Descriptive categories
C) Shared pathway or meaning
D) Depiction of experiential variation
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Which criteria are used to judge a qualitative study's scientific rigor? (Select all that apply.)
A) Reality based
B) Credibility
C) Confidentiality of participants
D) Auditability
E) Recordkeeping
F) Fittingness
Q2) What similarities exist between grounded theory and ethnographic studies? (Select all that apply.)
A) Participants are observed in natural settings.
B) Researchers immerse themselves in the culture of study participants.
C) Researchers bracket their personal opinions and biases during the study.
D) Data gathering and data analysis occur simultaneously.
E) Techniques for data collection can change as the study progresses.
Q3) What is the foundation for the grounded theory method of qualitative research?
A) Philosophy
B) Spirituality
C) Cultural anthropology
D) Social science
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Chapter 7: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Q1) When critiquing a report of a qualitative research study, the nurse asks, "Is protection of human participants addressed?" This question is critiquing what section of the report?
A) Data analysis
B) Data collection
C) Statement of the phenomenon of interest
D) Conclusions, implications, and recommendations
Q2) The identification of themes is important when reviewing findings of a qualitative research report because themes do what?
A) Reflect congruence between the questions asked and the methodology
B) Allow description of a large quantity of data in a condensed format
C) Demonstrate both the emic and etic views of a topic
D) Explain the nature of differences reported by participants experiencing a common phenomenon
Q3) Qualitative research is designed to describe what?
A) Results of hypothesis testing
B) Definitive conclusions to research questions
C) Insiders' views of a human phenomenon
D) Findings derived from a large, randomly selected sample
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) When reviewing a research report, the nurse determines that all aspects of a study systematically and logically follow from the research problem. Which condition has been met?
A) Accuracy
B) Feasibility
C) Internal validity
D) External validity
Q2) The measures used by a nurse researcher to maintain uniformity of conditions in a quantitative research study refer to which aspect of the study?
A) Accuracy
B) Methods
C) Control
D) Validity
Q3) What is the overall purpose of the research design in a quantitative research study?
A) To determine sample size
B) To identify the problem statement
C) To assist the researcher in identifying gaps in the knowledge base
D) To provide the plan for answering the research question
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Chapter 9: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) A nurse researcher is planning a quantitative (experimental) research study to test the effect of a new wound product on wound healing. Which of these factors is necessary to implement an experimental pretest-posttest design? (Select all that apply.)
A) Inclusion of a second control group
B) Ability to collect pretest data
C) Use of two posttreatment data collection times
D) Subjects randomized to the control group only
E) Random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups
Q2) In a true experimental study, the control group is the group that does what?
A) Receives the experimental treatment
B) Receives the placebo treatment
C) Experiences the adverse results
D) Experiences the reactive effects
Q3) A quasi-experimental study design would be a better choice for a research study than an experimental study design in which of these situations?
A) The study is to be conducted in a laboratory setting.
B) An experimental treatment is not part of the study.
C) The researcher has not conducted research before.
D) Full experimental control is not possible.
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) Which method of data collection is most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use in a survey study?
A) Videorecording of people-to-people interactions
B) Direct participant observation
C) Unstructured interview
D) Questionnaires
Q2) Which types of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?
(Select all that apply.)
A) Cross-sectional
B) Comparative
C) Exploratory
D) Longitudinal
E) Prospective
F) Cohort
G) Descriptive
Q3) Which statement about cross-sectional studies is most accurate?
A) More than one group can be compared.
B) Only descriptive data can be measured.
C) Data are collected retrospectively rather than prospectively.
D) Data collection and data analysis can occur simultaneously.
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Chapter 11: Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Q1) ___ data collection
Q2) ___ background of the question
Q3) ___ authors and contact person
Q4) What terms means a summation and assessment of research studies found in the literature based on a clearly focused question?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Cochrane collaboration
D) Integrative review
Q5) What source contains information on studies published in conference proceedings and other sources not available in other databases?
A) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
B) Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects
C) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
D) Cochrane Methodology Register
Q6) ___ analysis of the located studies
Q7) ___ discussion
Q8) ____ types of participants
Q9) ___ methods for selecting studies for review Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) Which statement is most accurate regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria?
A) These criteria are not needed when the population being studied is composed of events.
B) These criteria serve to ensure that the characteristics of the sample and the population are congruent.
C) Inclusion criteria are used to define the independent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables.
D) Inclusion criteria are used to define the dependent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define independent variables.
Q2) How should a nurse researcher expect a sample to differ from a population?
A) A sample can mean objects or events, whereas population refers to individuals or groups of people.
B) A population has a broad set of defining characteristics, and a sample has a narrow set of defining characteristics.
C) A population is a representative segment of a defined sample.
D) A sample is a representative segment of a defined population.
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Chapter 13: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) Which statements are accurate regarding the assent process for pediatric research? (Select all that apply.)
A) A parental signature is required for a child to participate in a study.
B) The study protocol is reviewed with the parent and not the child.
C) The child should be able to express a preference for participation.
D) A child older than age 16 does not require a parent's signature for consent.
E) The child should understand the purpose of the study.
Q2) What factors might influence whether it is ethical to require an older adult to participate in a research study? (Select all that apply.)
A) The relevance of the research to issues important to older adults
B) The ethnic background of the potential participant
C) The age of the potential participant
D) The cognitive capacity of the potential participant
E) The degree of risk associated with the study
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Chapter 14: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) What are the steps involved in instrument development? (Select all that apply.)
A) Clarify the target population
B) Define concept to be measured
C) Develop items
D) Estimate reliability and validity
E) Statistically analyze individual items
F) Develop implications from the item analysis
Q2) During a research project, the researcher notes that the subject completes each assigned task with a much higher level of performance than he normally exhibits. How should a nurse researcher most accurately describe this change in the subject's behavior?
A) Reactivity
B) Instability
C) Therapeutic
D) Interventionist
Q3) Which data collection method is most vulnerable to researcher bias?
A) Questionnaires
B) Available data
C) Observation methods
D) Physiologic measurement
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Chapter 15: Reliability and Validity
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Q1) A nurse researcher determines an instrument's homogeneity using which type of reliability?
A) Split-half reliability
B) Test-retest reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Alternate form reliability
Q2) A nurse researcher assesses the degree to which individual items on a scale cluster together around multiple dimensions using what?
A) Factor analysis
B) Split-half reliability
C) Cronbach's alpha coefficient
D) Kuder-Richardson coefficient
Q3) What is the significance of concurrent validity to a nurse researcher?
A) The degree of correlation between the measure of the concept and some future measure of the same concept
B) The degree of correlation of two measures of the same concept administered at the same time
C) The extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct or trait
D) The representativeness of the items to measure a specific concept
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Chapter 16: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
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Q1) The nurse researcher is using a research study that involved categories of patient weights. The level of measurement that would be most appropriate in this study is what?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
Q2) The nurse researcher opts to group frequency data using large interval widths in a research study. Which problem may be encountered by using this type of interval widths?
A) Overlap can occur.
B) Patterns can be obscured.
C) Means cannot be determined.
D) Some data may not fit into any category.
Q3) The nurse researcher opts to use interval-level data. The researcher's primary concern will be what?
A) Categories must be mutually exclusive.
B) Intervals between data categories must be equal.
C) The rank of zero (0) represents the absence of the measured variable.
D) Variance between assigned categories is qualitative rather than quantitative.
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Chapter 17: Understanding Research Findings
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Q1) If a study's results are not supported statistically or are only partially supported, research consumers should conclude that the study is what?
A) Irrelevant
B) Important to review
C) Proven
D) Unconfirmed
Q2) When researchers write the Discussion section of a study, which section of the report is used to evaluate the findings?
A) Method
B) Introduction
C) Theoretical framework
D) Data analysis
Q3) The nurse researcher questions the strength, quality, and consistency of the evidence provided by the findings. This is described in which part of the discussion section?
A) Inferences
B) Summary
C) Limitations
D) Recommendations
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Chapter 18: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Q1) A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Was interrater reliability calculated?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?
A) Physiologic measurement
B) Interviews
C) Available data records
D) Observation
Q2) Both the problem statement and the purpose of a quantitative research study report should address what?
A) Generalizability
B) Sampling procedure
C) Implications for future research
D) Relationship between the variables
Q3) The critique of a quantitative research report should include what?
A) Applying the findings in clinical practice
B) Summarizing the major steps of the research process
C) Constructively evaluating a study for its strengths and weaknesses
D) Determining whether the phenomenon studied by participants can be recognized as their own
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Chapter 19: Strategies and Tools for Developing an
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) Therapy-type articles are associated with outcome variables that are categorized as what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Continuous
B) Isolated
C) Rich text
D) Dichotomous
Q2) Types of EBP clinical categories include what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Therapy
B) Diagnosis
C) Prognosis
D) Harm
E) Hazard
Q3) What is the significance of a diagnostic test with a large positive likelihood ratio?
A) It provides only limited predictive value for disease.
B) It provides a high degree of certainty that the patient has the suspected disorder.
C) It mandates other supportive diagnostic tests.
D) It provides little assistance in clinical decision making.
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) Sources of relevant research and related literature that are needed for evidence retrieval include what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Hospital policies
B) Meta-analyses
C) Integrative literature review
D) Anecdotal reports
Q2) ___ collect data at specified intervals
Q3) A nurse researcher should view EBP as what?
A) The integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
B) The promotion of the publication of research findings among practicing nurses
C) The process of using research findings to improve patient care
D) The collection of data from subjects using measurement devices
Q4) The EBP team is attempting to formulate an EBP question. When defining the question, the team should focus on what?
A) Objectives to be accomplished
B) Interventions or exposures
C) Implementations to be accomplished
D) Evaluation of the problem
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Chapter 21: Quality Improvement
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Q1) Innovation and creativity further the organization's objectives
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Q2) People are eager to participate in and contribute to continual improvement.
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
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