Psychology 101 Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology 101 is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Students examine fundamental concepts such as perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, and emotion, as well as the biological bases of behavior. The course also introduces major psychological theories, research methodologies, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, students gain an understanding of how psychological phenomena influence individuals and society.
Recommended Textbook
Mastering the World of Psychology 5th Edition by Samuel E. Wood
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15 Chapters
2838 Verified Questions
2838 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shannon is a researcher who studies sleep patterns in humans. Shannon most likely uses _____
A)laboratory observation.
B)case studies.
C)naturalistic observation.
D)structured observation.
Answer: A
Q2) Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events and chemicals, such as hormones, associated with behavior. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological perspectives?
A)Biological
B)Learning
C)Cognitive
D)Sociocultural
Answer: A
Q3) Some of the basic ideas underlying the humanistic school of thought are _____.
Answer: any of the following: free will, choice, people are basically good, potential for personal growth, self-actualization.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biology and Behavior
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190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The left hemisphere controls movement on the _____ side of the body and handles most _____ functions.
A)left; motor
B)right; language
C)right; auditory
D)left; visual-spatial
Answer: B
Q2) Phineas Gage is a famous example of someone who sustained damage to their prefrontal cortex and lost the ability to _____
A)think.
B)speak.
C)control impulses.
D)coordinate movement.
Answer: C
Q3) The right and left halves of the cerebrum are called the _____
A)cerebral hemispheres.
B)corpus callosi.
C)cerebral halves.
D)cerebral lobes.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Luca is a psychologist and is seeing Noah in therapy for the first time. When asked of his childhood, Noah responds, "It was pleasant." Luca couldn't help but notice that Noah's voice and facial expression was one of anger. Is Luca most likely to rely on Noah's facial expression or on what he said?
Answer: cross-modal perception occurs when the brain integrates information from more than one sense. Luca can SEE that Noah appears angry, but he is HEARING Noah say, "It was pleasant." Based on research, Luca is most likely to focus on the visual information he is taking in rather than what he is hearing from Noah.
Q2) In the morning when Khalil puts on his baseball cap, he notices the tightness around his head. However, as the morning progresses, he no longer pays attention to the baseball cap and grows accustomed to the feeling around his head. This scenario is illustrating the process of _____.
Answer: sensory adaptation
Q3) The ossicles are housed in the _____ ear, whereas the cochlea is housed in the _____ ear.
Answer: middle; inner
Q4) The most studied of all the senses is _____.
Answer: vision
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stage of deepest sleep shows 50% of brain waves are _____ waves.
A)alpha
B)delta
C)theta
D)beta
Q2) The total number of hours a person sleeps tends to _____ dramatically across the life span.
A)decrease
B)increase
C)shift toward more morning sleep
D)increase in REM
Q3) Kerrie and Pam are college roommates. When they go to the bar, Pam notices that although she and Kerrie are about the same weight and height, Kerrie needs to drink a lot more alcohol than her before she feels the effects of the alcohol. Why should Pam be worried about Kerrie?
Q4) Which of these drugs mimic the effects of the brain's own endorphins?
A)heroin
B)alcohol
C)marijuana
D)amphetamine
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Voluntary behavior that accidentally brings about a consequence is called _____
A)a reinforce.
B)shaping.
C)an operant.
D)an unconditioned stimulus.
Q2) A reinforcer is a consequence that will _____ a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that may _____ a behavior.
A)motivate; stimulate B)weaken; strengthen C)inhibit; motivate D)increase; decrease
Q3) More time spent multitasking will _____
A)make you smarter.
B)make you better at doing many things at once.
C)make you worse at managing your thought processes. D)improve your processing speed.
Q4) Some individuals have erroneously learned over time that negative reinforcement is the same as punishment. Why is this inaccurate?
Q5) Why is punishment by itself not a very effective way of learning?
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Chapter 6: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a measure of memory in which retention is expressed as the percentage of time saved when material is relearned compared with the time required to learn the material originally.
A)Recall
B)Retrieval
C)The relearning method
D)The Ebbinghaus method
Q2) Which of the following explains what information-processing theorists mean when they use the term software?
A)the brain structures involved in memory
B)the serial position effect
C)the skull that covers and protects the brain
D)learned memory strategies the positive bias of memory
Q3) Coming up with memory tricks such as ROY G. BIV for the visible spectrum of colors and HOMES for Michigan's Great Lakes are types of _____
A)mnemonics.
B)repeated testing.
C)spaced practice.
D)recency effects.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On a newly developed IQ test, an individual scores at the 110 level on the first half of the test and 150 on the second half of the test. What does this test appear to lack?
A)standardization
B)reliability
C)predictive validity
D)appropriate norms
Q2) "Those who are bright in one area are usually bright in other areas as well." Who would have made this comment?
A)Charles Spearman
B)Howard Gardner
C)Alfred Binet
D)Robert Sternberg
Q3) What factors-name at least four-can get in the way of solving a problem?
Q4) A(n)_____ is an example of a concept that a person has based on personal experiences.
A)exemplar
B)heuristic
C)concept
D)schematic image
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Chapter 8: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to utilize logical thought to assess abstract situations is referred to as _____, which is attained in the _____ stage.
A)naive idealism; formal operational
B)hypothetico-deductive thinking; formal operational
C)egocentrism; preoperational
D)hypothetico-deductive thinking; concrete operational
Q2) _____ refers to the close emotional bond an individual has with the person or persons who raised and cared for him/her.
A)Temperament
B)Stranger anxiety
C)Attachment
D)Autonomy
Q3) _____ is the realization that any change in shape, position, or order of matter can be reversed mentally.
A)Sensorimotor thought
B)Reversibility
C)Conservation
D)Symbolic function
Q4) Why is Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning controversial?
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ is a portion of the brain that seems to be directly involved in experiencing fear.
A)right hemisphere
B)cerebral cortex
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala
Q2) Why would children playing be an example of intrinsic motivation?
Q3) The two primary factors involved in the Yerkes-Dodson law are _____ and _____.
Q4) Austin is sitting in class when suddenly his heart begins to pound, he begins to sweat, and his hands begin to feel clammy. Next, fear and nervousness set in as he walks to the front of the class for his oral presentation. What theory of emotion best fits this situation?
A)Schachter-Singer theory
B)James-Lange theory
C)Smith-Scott theory
D)Cannon-Bard theory
Q5) Why is persistence an important component of motivation?
Q6) Emile paints because it is enjoyable to him; his desire to paint comes from within. Emile is said to have _____.
Q7) Why should we be concerned about a BMI over 30?
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Chapter 10: Health and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nancy is hiking in the mountains when she comes across a rattlesnake looking right at her. She immediately feels a burst of energy that she will use to run away from the danger she is encountering. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is this scenario illustrating?
A)adaptation
B)exhaustion
C)resistance
D)alarm
Q2) Which of the following can result from accountability underload?
A)Employee morale increases.
B)More intrinsically-motivated individuals will apply for open positions.
C)Workplace accidents decrease.
D)Employees find their jobs meaningless.
Q3) Sasha's family was killed and her house leveled by a tornado that ripped through her neighborhood. She, however, was away on a business trip when the tragedy struck. Aside from grieving the loss of her family, Sasha feels bad that she survived when her family did not. Sasha's feelings can best be described as _____.
Q4) Unlike normal human cells, cancer cells _____ unless destroyed by proper treatment.
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Chapter 11: Personality Theory and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the psychosexual stages of development, the establishment of mature, sexual relationships occurs in the _____ stage.
A)genital
B)anal
C)phallic
D)oral
Q2) Two of the many characteristics of self-actualizers, according to Abraham Maslow, are _____ and _____.
Q3) Tso is a high-level executive at a large corporation. She is ultimately the decision maker when it comes to promoting and hiring employees. Which of the following would be most useful and helpful in assisting Tso with those important decisions?
A)Thematic Apperception Test
B)California Personality Inventory
C)Rorschach Inkblot Method
D)MMPI-2
Q4) Explain the concept of reciprocal determinism and discuss its relation to other learning theories.
Q5) Jung's idea of the _____ parallels Freud's notion of the unconscious.
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Chapter 12: Defining Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The precipitating factor for a dissociative episode is usually a(an)_____
A)episode of hallucinogen use.
B)injury with loss of consciousness.
C)sudden deficiency in serotonin.
D)unbearable stress.
Q2) Evelyn has been working at the same company for the last 30 years. She works as the company's bookkeeper. Although she is successful at her job, she gets written up for calling in sick to work too much. Interestingly, Evelyn only calls in on the last Wednesday of every month, which happens to be the day of the staff meeting, when Evelyn would be required to give a 5-minute speech on finances. Even the thought of giving that speech incapacitates her because she is so terrified she will make a fool of herself. Evelyn could meet the criteria for _____
A)schizophrenia.
B)agoraphobia.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)a social anxiety disorder.
Q3) What is the reason that psychologists, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals use diagnostic categories and labels for psychological disorders?
Q4) _____ and _____ are examples of mood disorders.
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Chapter 13: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ and _____ are two examples of insight therapies.
Q2) Youssif is a psychotherapist who believes strongly that people attempt to resolve their early relationship struggles using their current relationships. Many of the people he helps in his practice were raised by at least one alcoholic parent. Interestingly, many of those individuals currently find themselves married to an alcoholic and are struggling once again. Based on this explanation, what type of therapist is Youssif?
A)behavioral therapist
B)humanistic therapist
C)object relations therapist
D)cognitive therapist
Q3) The goal of person-centered therapy is to _____
A)uncover sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the mind.
B)help the person get back on the path of self-actualization.
C)modify maladaptive behaviors.
D)help individuals work through difficult and traumatic childhood issues that have invaded the unconscious.
Q4) Since the introduction of drug therapy in 1955, the United States has witnessed a significantly lower _____.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ refers to the tendency to view situations from one's own racial or cultural perspective.
A)Ethnoracism
B)Social cognition
C)Ethnocentrism
D)The cultural bias
Q2) Based on the research presented in your textbook, which of the following factors is NOT involved in our attraction to another individual?
A)geographical nearness
B)similar age
C)sharing similar views on important topics
D)physical resemblance to one another
Q3) Who was the confederate in Milgram's study of obedience in the 1960s?
A)the naïve subject
B)Milgram himself
C)the teacher
D)the learner
Q4) In Asch's famous study of conformity, _____ percent of the true subjects went along with the group at least once.
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Chapter 15: Human Sexuality and Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) The direction of an individual's sexual attraction, erotic feelings, and sexual activity is called their sexual _____.
Q2) Barnaby was exhausted after a double shift at work. His wife met him at the door wearing new lingerie and made her sexual desire clear. Despite this, Barnaby could not sustain an erection and was unable to have intercourse. Barnaby should _____
A)seek treatment for erectile disorder.
B)just buy Viagra on the internet to treat his erectile disorder.
C)get some sleep, not worry, and try again later.
D)question whether he is married to the right woman.
Q3) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding male and female differences in verbal s?
A)Spelling and writing are male strengths, while vocabulary size and reading are female strengths.
B)On college entrance tests like the SAT, males score 5 to 10 points higher on verbal tasks than females.
C)Only half as many females as males take advanced placement exams in literature and composition.
D)Males outperform females on reading achievement tests.
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