Course Introduction
Psychology 101 Study Guide Questions
Psychology 101 is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course covers foundational concepts such as learning, perception, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, and psychological disorders. Students gain an understanding of key psychological theories, research methods, and practical applications, while investigating how individuals think, feel, and act in various contexts. Through lectures, discussions, and assignments, students are encouraged to critically analyze human behavior and the factors that influence it, laying the groundwork for advanced studies in psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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17 Chapters
2789 Verified Questions
2789 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most important aspect of study to a humanist is
A) social learning.
B) conditioning.
C) self-concept
D) neuron functioning.
Answer: C
Q2) The launching of psychology as a separate field is usually credited to have occurred during the
A) 1500s.
B) 1800s.
C) 1900s.
D) 1700s.
Answer: B
Q3) Which contemporary viewpoint combines aspects of behaviorism with aspects from the cognitive perspective?
A) Skinner's behaviorism
B) psychoanalysis
C) humanistic psychology
D) social learning theory
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the experimenter treats the experimental group differently than the control group,the experimental group might behave differently.This unwanted effect is called
A) experimental bias.
B) manipulation checks.
C) random sample.
D) placebo effect.
Answer: A
Q2) Rather than study the entire population of one group,you decide to focus on a subset of the group.This subset or subgroup is called a(n)
A) hypothesis.
B) sample.
C) presentation.
D) assimilation.
Answer: B
Q3) Formal experiments must have an independent variable and a dependent variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the brain,from childhood to middle age,gray matter ______ and white matter
A) decreases;increases
B) decreases;decreases
C) increases;decreases
D) increases;increases
Answer: A
Q2) Damage to the left hemisphere of the brain may result in an impaired ability to use or understand language,a condition called
A) dysgraphic.
B) dyslexia.
C) aphasia.
D) aplexia.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following destroys the myelin sheath?
A) multiple sclerosis
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) cystic fibrosis
D) alcoholism
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you read in your textbook the idea that gene expression is variable,this means that
A) the gene to chromosome relationship is not the same for all people.
B) genes can vary between a double helix structure and a triple helix structure.
C) some people have the full set of genes while others are missing some genes.
D) the gene does not synthesize proteins the same way in all environments.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a collectivistic culture?
A) Italy
B) United States
C) Norway
D) China
Q3) When culture expects a person to behave based on their sex,this is a gender
A) type.
B) transformation.
C) violation.
D) role.
Q4) Gregor Mendel helped found the science of genetics in the 1760s.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People are tested for peripheral vision by driving machines.If declines are found,the physical cause probably involves
A) decreases in cones.
B) decreases in rods.
C) more rods than cones in the retina.
D) decreased intraocular eye pressure.
Q2) The unit of measure for the intensity of sound is
A) pitch.
B) saturation.
C) hue.
D) decibel.
Q3) What do the Ames room and Müller-Lyer illusion have in common?
A) They demonstrate a different type of depth perception.
B) They exhibit monocular cues to depth perception.
C) They demonstrate closure and continuity.
D) They are visual illusions.
Q4) We always perceive a dime as round because of size constancy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hypnagogic state is the second level of sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In general,cell phones do not distract drivers and do not cause accidents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If a sleeping person's eyes are moving back and forth rapidly under the eyelids,it is likely that this individual is
A) in the deepest level of sleep.
B) dreaming.
C) in a hypnagogic state.
D) awakening.
Q4) Internally generated cycles lasting about 24 hours a day that regulate sleep and wake cycles,as well as hormone secretion,are called
A) sleep disorders.
B) circadian rhythms.
C) REM periods.
D) astral projections.
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Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is easier to classically condition a fear of ______ compared to a fear of ______.
A) snakes;lunch boxes
B) electrical outlets;blood
C) candy;heights
D) skate keys;alligators
Q2) How does extinction occur in classical conditioning?
A) The CS is presented without the UCS.
B) The CR is presented without the UCR
C) The emitted response is negatively reinforced.
D) The emitted response is punished.
Q3) A major league baseball pitcher changes his arm strength by taking steroids,which in turn changes his pitching.Is this change in pitching due to learning?
A) No,because the change was not due to experience.
B) No,because arm strength has nothing to do with pitching.
C) Yes,because the pitcher learned to take steroids.
D) Yes,because changes from steroids are permanent.
Q4) The ultimate goal of punishment is to strengthen behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Memory
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When people forget,they are not only distorting information but may also be remembering events that never occurred.This is consistent with the idea of A) false memories.
B) new memories.
C) associative memory.
D) congruent memory.
Q2) The theory of memory that suggests that the basis of learning and memory is due to unique patterns of neuronal activity causing changes in synapses to occur is known as A) spreading activation.
B) retrograde association.
C) psychogenic fugue.
D) synaptic facilitation.
Q3) Which of the following statements about memory loss is true?
A) People with anterograde amnesia cannot recall old memories.
B) People with retrograde amnesia have a problem with STM.
C) People with anterograde amnesia cannot consolidate information in LTM.
D) People with anterograde amnesia cannot recall new memories.
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Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Language codes are to semantic content as _______ is to _______.
A) phoneme;sound
B) language;intelligence
C) surface structure;deep structure
D) conjunctive concept;disjunctive concept
Q2) When a test is given to a large group of individuals varying in age,sex,background,and so on to form a basis for interpreting an individual's score,the group is referred to as the _______ sample.
A) standardization
B) validity
C) affirmative
D) normative
Q3) What kind of intelligence test is best for measuring a person's work skills in a particular area?
A) tacit intelligence test
B) Stanford-Binet test
C) the Wechsler scale
D) general intelligence test
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11
Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Overall,what effect does aging have on personality characteristics?
A) Individuals tend to exhibit more positive characteristics.
B) Individuals tend to exhibit more negative characteristics.
C) Personalities tend to show more fluctuations.
D) Fundamental aspects of personality are fairly stable.
Q2) Erikson's stage theory of personality development contains eight stages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During Erikson's stage known as intimacy vs.isolation,what happens?
A) Individuals gain the ability to plan for themselves or to live within the limits of others.
B) Individuals learn to meet the demands of life or start to believe in their own inferiority.
C) Individuals acquire a sense of self or become confused about their role in life.
D) Individuals form into couples or become separated from meaningful relationships.
Q4) Menarche is a secondary sex characteristic.
A)True B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The definition of emotion includes both ______ and ______ feelings that are accompanied by arousal and behavior.
A) intrinsic;extrinsic
B) positive;negative
C) past;future
D) internal;external
Q2) Ervin Staub's theory explaining increases in gang violence incorporates elements of frustration-aggression theory and social learning theory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the Watson and Tellegren model of emotion,what distinguishes fear from anger?
A) the higher negative emotional value of anger
B) situational factors
C) the type of physiological arousal
D) the higher positive emotional value of fear
Q4) Intrinsic motivation occurs with activities where motivation is not inherent to the task.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the primary function of the preconscious mind?
A) The contents of memory that we are currently processing.
B) Memories are not presently conscious but can easily be brought into consciousness.
C) The contents of memory that we are unaware of permantently.
D) Memories that were once available but are now gone due to interference and decay.
Q2) Freud believed that an individual's personality might become stuck in the patterns of an earlier psychosexual stage.He referred to this type of person as being
A) fixated.
B) repressed.
C) displaced.
D) sublimated.
Q3) Think about the amount of money in your checking and savings accounts.Before you read this request,this information was in your _______ mind.
A) subconscious
B) preconscious
C) repressed conscious
D) unconscious
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14
Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud,defense mechanisms are used to
A) assure that the id is gratified.
B) control the anxiety of the ego.
C) protect the superego from the ego.
D) protect the ego from the superego.
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of the Type A personality?
A) extremely healthy
B) perfectionistic
C) effective coping
D) prone to cancer
Q3) Conflict arises when two or more motives cannot be satisfied because they interfere with one another.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Hans Selye,the body's initial response to a stressor is resistance.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Women are five times more likely to have AIDS in the United States than men
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you could give someone with schizophrenia a drug that would stop them from hearing voices that were not actually present,the drug would eliminate A) delusions.
B) proclivities.
C) catatonias.
D) hallucinations.
Q2) The strange beliefs held by schizophrenics are called A) delusions.
B) obsessions.
C) compulsions.
D) hallucinations.
Q3) Whenever Joe is around more than three people,he becomes tense and apprehensive.Lately,Joe has been refusing to leave his home to avoid such feelings.Joe is suffering from A) a somatoform disorder.
B) a conversion disorder.
C) a social phobia.
D) agoraphobia.
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Chapter 15: Therapies
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A behavioral therapist may have a client watch people perform a desired behavior so that the client will learn the desired behavior or at least recognize it.This is a form of A) classical conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) social skills training.
D) extinction therapy.
Q2) Which of the following is true about feminist psychotherapy?
A) It is only for women.
B) It fosters independence.
C) It encourages traditional roles.
D) It is not accepted by other psychotherapies.
Q3) We are not born with an unconscious mind according to A) Freud. B) Rogers.
C) Adler.
D) Horney.
Q4) Client-centered psychotherapy emerged from a behaviorist viewpoint.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The theory of cognitive dissonance holds that inconsistencies between attitudes and behavior are uncomfortable,
A) causing people to engage in groupthink.
B) but attitude change does not reduce dissonance.
C) and people will therefore change their attitudes to reduce this discomfort.
D) and so people engage in attribution to reduce the discomfort.
Q2) In social psychology,equity theory attempts to predict the A) degree of success in maintaining relationships.
B) required attribution levels to maintain relationships.
C) appropriate balance of predispositional and situational attributions.
D) the appropriate balance between primacy and recency factors in a relationship.
Q3) What process tends to maintain harmony and unanimity within group decision making while suffocating differences of opinion?
A) group influence
B) group consensus
C) deindividuation
D) groupthink
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Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other
Professions
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mainstreaming suggests that children should be placed in the most restrictive educational environment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In job training programs,what are the best predictors of later job performance?
A) paper-and-pencil tests of intellectual ability
B) assessment centers using the in-basket exercise
C) personal information
D) job performance ratings
Q3) In rape cases,compared to women,men tend to be ________ regarding sentencing.
A) harsher
B) more lenient
C) equivocal
D) ignored
Q4) Those that are characterized as conviction-prone tend to believe that authority and law should be
A) ignored.
B) revamped.
C) questioned.
D) respected.
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