Psychological Perspectives on Health Practice Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the complex relationship between psychological factors and health, emphasizing how thoughts, emotions, and behaviors influence physical well-being and illness. Students will examine theoretical frameworks such as the biopsychosocial model, and analyze topics including stress, coping mechanisms, health behaviors, and the psychological impact of chronic diseases. The course also covers interventions designed to promote healthy lifestyles, prevent illness, and support individuals coping with health-related challenges, while addressing cultural, social, and ethical considerations in health psychology.
Recommended Textbook Health Psychology 8th Edition by Shelley E. Taylor
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Health Psychology
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Q1) A health psychologist who works with people who are already ill focuses on A) health promotion and maintenance.
B) prevention and treatment of illness.
C) etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D) the health care system and the formulation of health policy.
Answer: B
Q2) According to the biopsychosocial model,
A) an interdisciplinary team approach may lead to the best diagnoses.
B) treatment must focus on biological, psychological, and social factors.
C) patients play an important role in their diagnosis and treatment.
D) All of these.
Answer: D
Q3) The humoral theory was put to rest by
A) the medieval church.
B) the rising belief in demonology.
C) Freud's work on conversion hysteria.
D) a growing understanding of cellular pathology.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: The Systems of the Body
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Q1) The sensory aspect of pain seems to be determined primarily by A) A-delta fibers.
B) C-fibers.
C) the limbic system.
D) the cerebral cortex.
Answer: A
Q2) Pain control means only that the patient
A) no longer feels any pain.
B) is no longer concerned about the pain.
C) no longer feels any sensation in the area that once hurt.
D) None of these.
Answer: D
Q3) In general,distraction is most effective in reducing pain when
A) the pain is of high intensity.
B) the pain is of low intensity.
C) the pain is chronic.
D) suggestion or sensory redefinition is impractical.
Answer: B
Q4) Describe the design and implementation of pain management programs.
Answer: Answers will vary
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Chapter 3: Health Behaviors
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Q1) In general,active coping strategies seem to be more consistently associated with good adjustment to chronic illness than avoidant strategies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a chronic illness?
A) cancer
B) hearing loss
C) diabetes
D) influenza A
Answer: D
Q3) Quality of life traditionally has been measured in terms of A) psychological and economic factors.
B) subjective criteria.
C) morbidity and mortality.
D) longevity.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Health-Promoting Behaviors
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Q1) In the first year of life,the main causes of death are
A) acute illness and SIDS.
B) SIDS and congenital abnormalities.
C) accidents and congenital abnormalities.
D) cancer, especially leukemia, and SIDS.
Q2) Walt's parents have explained to him that his grandmother has died.He keeps asking them questions about her death,where she is,and when he can see her.Walt is most likely
A) four years old.
B) six years old.
C) nine years old.
D) 12 years old.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT cited by your text as one of the factors that contribute to women's lower mortality rates?
A) biological fitness
B) health beliefs
C) fewer risky behaviors
D) social support
Q4) Describe the psychological and physiological correlates of grief.
Q5) Describe Kübler-Ross's theory of dying.Evaluate the usefulness of her theory.
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Chapter 5: Health-Compromising Behaviors
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Q1) ______________ are the most common drug treatment for reducing the incidence of death,heart attack,and stroke.
A) Statins
B) Diuretics
C) Beta-blockers
D) Vitamins
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the risk factors for coronary heart disease?
A) hypertension
B) high serum cholesterol
C) cigarette smoking
D) alcohol consumption
Q3) "John Henryism" is a personality predisposition
A) that helps African American men cope with racism.
B) that defines men's, but not women's, effective coping strategies when active coping is likely to be unsuccessful.
C) that is used to cope actively with psychosocial stressors.
D) found only in white men.
Q4) Explain the role of stress management in recovery from myocardial infarction.
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7
Chapter 6: Stress
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Q1) Osteoarthritis
A) affects the small joints of the wrists, hands, and feet.
B) involves the destruction of the bone and muscle tissue of the joint.
C) involves the deterioration of cartilage in weight-bearing joints.
D) None of these.
Q2) Cognitive-behavioral interventions program that work with other populations may not work as well with IV drug users because
A) their peer group has too much influence.
B) they may lack good impulse control.
C) methadone programs don't work with them.
D) needle exchange programs are ineffective.
Q3) Helper T (T<sub>H</sub>)cells
A) respond to specific antigens.
B) enhance the function of T<sub>C</sub> cells, B cells, and macrophages by producing lymphokines.
C) produce lymphokines that suppress immune activity.
D) produce immunoglobulins, which are the basis of antigen-specific reactions.
Q4) How do psychosocial factors influence the initiation and course of cancer?
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Coping,resilience,and Social Support
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Q1) Future programs targeting the management of chronic illness must incorporate
A) cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life.
B) assessment of needs in all domains of life during the acute period of illness.
C) regular needs assessment over the long term to identify potential problems.
D) All of these.
Q2) Comprehensive intervention models
A) concentrate and coordinate medical and psychological expertise.
B) have yet to be developed for chronic diseases.
C) have proven to be less expensive than other models and remarkably cost effective.
D) All of these.
Q3) The issue of treatment effectiveness is becoming less urgent because behavioral and psychological interventions have become well established in managed health care systems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain current pressures toward cost containment of health care costs.In what ways do these economic factors affect research and practice in health psychology?
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9
Chapter 8: Using Health Services
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Q1) During ______________,blood is pumped out of the heart,and blood pressure
A) diastole; increases; systole; decreases
B) diastole; decreases; systole; increases
C) systole; increases; diastole; decreases
D) systole; decreases; diastole; increases
Q2) Hypertension is caused by
A) high cardiac output.
B) highly viscous blood.
C) loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.
D) All of these.
Q3) 3 to 4 million Americans suffer from _______________ without pain and thus could have a heart attack without warning
A) hypertension.
B) angina.
C) arrhythmia.
D) ischemia.
Q4) Discuss the role of genetic counseling.Why is it controversial? How can it be used effectively by health psychologists?
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Chapter 9: Patients, providers, and Treatments
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Q1) Classical conditioning modifies the _______________ of behavior; operant conditioning modifies the _______________ of behavior.
A) consequences; consequences
B) consequences; antecedents
C) antecedents; consequences
D) antecedents; antecedents
Q2) The use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism is an example of A) shaping.
B) modeling.
C) operant conditioning.
D) classical conditioning.
Q3) By the age of 11 or 12,most children have fairly stable health beliefs that resemble those of adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Patterns of disease in the United States have remained relatively unchanged over the past 90 years.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Management of Pain and Discomfort
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Q1) Suppose you are designing a program to be administered through the county health department designed to increase the frequency of mammograms among community residents.Considering the research reviewed in the text,what techniques would be most effective to include in this program and why?
Q2) How does sleep correlate with health and specifically weight loss.Explain and use examples from your text.
Q3) Surgical procedures to treat obesity are available to anyone who desires them. A)True
B)False
Q4) Initial therapy for anorexia is focused on weight gain and usually uses a _______________ approach.
A) family therapy B) cognitive-behavioral C) psychodynamic D) nutritional
Q5) Girls and women of all ages engage in more exercise than do boys and men. A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Management of Chronic Illness
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Q1) Identify and discuss the synergistic effect of smoking on other health-related risk factors.
Q2) Passive smoking (i.e.,secondhand smoke)is a documented health risk.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Alcohol abuse and smoking share a window of vulnerability in
A) adolescence.
B) young adulthood.
C) middle age.
D) old age.
Q4) Studies have found relapse rates of _______________ or more in the two to four years following treatment for alcoholism.
A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent
Q5) It is well-established that commercial smoking cessation programs have high cure rates.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Psychological Issues in Advancing and Terminal Illness
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Q1) Explain how the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM)and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA)axis are implicated in the physiological response to stress.
Q2) A high waist-to-hip ratio is an indication of a
A) high pendicular load.
B) low pendicular load.
C) high allostatic load.
D) low allostatic load
Q3) The correct sequence of phases of the general adaptation syndrome is A) alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
B) exhaustion, resistance, alarm.
C) resistance, alarm, exhaustion.
D) resistance, exhaustion, alarm.
Q4) Studies of vulnerable populations,e.g.,children,older adults,exposed to a chronic stressor indicate they
A) eventually habituate to high levels of the stressor.
B) exhibit performance decrements and helplessness.
C) exhibit few cognitive decrements but do show signs of helplessness
D) eventually learn to change their task strategies and attention focus to accommodate the noise in their environments
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Chapter 13: Heart Disease, hypertension, stroke, and Type Ii
Diabetes
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Q1) People with health-prone personalities are those who have a sense of control,self-esteem,optimism,and resilience.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Although social support is associated with physical and psychological well-being,research has failed to establish a relationship between social support and good health habits.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The idea that the effectiveness of social support is determined by the ability of an individual's social network to provide the particular types of assistance needed in times of stress is the
A) direct effects hypothesis.
B) buffering hypothesis.
C) matching hypothesis.
D) None of these.
Q4) Explain how individual differences in personality are related to coping.
Q5) What is social support? What are the benefits of having a sufficient amount of social support? What are the costs of being in a dense social network?
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Chapter 14: Psychoneuroimmunology and Immune-Related Disorderss
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Q1) Somaticizers
A) exhibit strong beliefs in self-care.
B) tend to express distress and conflict through physical symptoms.
C) repress their symptoms during times of stress.
D) All of these.
Q2) When under stress,people are more likely to
A) attribute stress-related physiological changes to stress rather than to illness.
B) attribute stress-related physiological changes to illness rather than to stress.
C) believe they are less vulnerable to illness and direct their attention outward.
D) repress their physical symptoms.
Q3) The use of health services is lowest in
A) childhood.
B) adolescence and young adulthood.
C) middle age.
D) old age.
Q4) At the time of the writing of your textbook,what do we know about complementary and alternative medicine?
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future
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Q1) Malpractice litigation has become more common as medicine becomes more complex.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The colleague orientation of the third-party system makes it more necessary for physicians to please patients.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Overall adherence rates are poorest
A) for obtaining medical tests.
B) with complex self-care regimens.
C) when the advice is perceived as medical.
D) when the advice is vocational.
Q4) In a hospital operated by an HMO,physicians
A) are at the top of the medical line of authority.
B) act as "invited guests" of the hospital.
C) are employees of the hospital.
D) None of these.
Q5) Advanced-practice nurses have fewer than two years of basic nursing education.
A)True B)False
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