Psychological Assessment Study Guide
Questions
Course Introduction
Psychological Assessment explores the theory, principles, and practical applications of psychological testing and measurement. The course covers the development, administration, scoring, and interpretation of a wide array of assessment tools, including intelligence, personality, neuropsychological, and achievement tests. Students will examine issues of reliability, validity, standardization, and cultural fairness in assessment, as well as ethical considerations and real-world implications in clinical, educational, and organizational settings. Through hands-on activities and case studies, learners will gain foundational knowledge and skills necessary for the responsible use of psychological assessments.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality 11th Edition by Duane P. Schultz
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15 Chapters
1256 Verified Questions
1256 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Personality: What It Is and Why You Should Care
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For which of the following is the MMPI is not appropriate?
A) For those with lower intelligence
B) For those with lower reading skills
C) For children
D) All of these are correct.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is true of self-enhancement?
A) It is prevalent among Nordic cultures.
B) It is defined as the process of administering rewards or punishments to oneself.
C) It is defined as the tendency to make one conspicuous.
D) It is genetically induced and determined at birth.
Answer: C
Q3) Those who feel they are able to express their true selves are more active on Facebook and other social media sites than those who do not feel that way about themselves.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of instincts as described by Freud?
A) An instinct is a state of physiological excitation or energy.
B) When the body is in a state of need,a person experiences a feeling of calmness.
C) The aim of an instinct is to satisfy a need and thereby reduce feelings of tension.
D) It is always possible to escape the pressure of our physiological needs.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is true in the context of penis envy as described by Freud?
A) Woman have underdeveloped sex organs and capacities compared to men.
B) Unlike men,women can never be fully developed until they have a female child.
C) Girls can have a poorly developed superego due to the female Oedipus complex.
D) Boys can have an inferiority complex,more so than girls,as a result of penis envy.
Answer: C
Q3) Primary-process thought is believed to function within the ego.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jung's embrace of the occult and the supernatural is probably the source of most of the criticism directed at his theory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI),an assessment test based on Jung's psychological types and the attitudes of introversion and extraversion.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Collective unconscious is a core or pattern of emotions,memories,perceptions,and wishes organized around a common theme.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) According to Jung,the id is the center of consciousness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Adler's view,the process of overcoming inferiority feelings:
A) decreases in adulthood.
B) is genetically determined.
C) begins in infancy.
D) results in unsettled conflicts.
Q2) Second-borns do not suffer the sense of dethronement felt by first-borns when another child is added to the family.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Youngest children have an inferiority complex and therefore often develop at a slower rate than their older siblings.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Adler's primary research method was the:
A) Style of Life Inventory.
B) word-association test.
C) case study.
D) IQ test.
Q5) Explain the concept of fictional finalism.
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Chapter 5: Karen Horney: Neurotic Needs and Trends
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a child,Horney was:
A) excessively pampered.
B) interested in sports.
C) ambitious and rebellious.
D) severely punished.
Q2) Horney used _____ to assess the functioning of the human personality.
A) hypnosis
B) neurological evaluation
C) projective tests and self-report inventories
D) free association and dream analysis
Q3) In context of defining roles,Horney believes that modern women experience psychological conflict between:
A) adolescence and middle age.
B) love and work.
C) love for their children and love for their parents.
D) the ego and the superego.
Q4) Define basic anxiety.Describe the different ways in which we try to protect ourselves against basic anxiety in our childhood.
Q5) In the context of the idealized self-image,describe the tyranny of the shoulds.
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Chapter 6: Erik Erikson: Identity Theory
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83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Erikson's view,at each stage of psychosocial development,_____.
A) the maladaptive way of coping must be suppressed
B) the ego must incorporate both maladaptive and adaptive ways of coping
C) we must eliminate our sexual and physical needs
D) the mother is most important in resolving the crisis for the child
Q2) In the context of the adolescent stage of development,mention the key elements for this developmental stage that illustrate the turbulence and stress of this period.
Q3) Erikson's theory allows for optimism and offers the possibility of a positive outcome in each stage of personality development.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Erikson,a(n)_____ identity is preferable to no identity during the adolescent stage.
A) positive
B) confusing
C) incongruent
D) negative
Q5) Explain the terms maldevelopment,maladaptions,and malignancies as described by Erikson.
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Chapter 7: Gordon Allport: Motivation and Personality
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how an emotionally healthy adult is formed in the transition from infancy to adulthood.Mention Allport's six criteria for emotionally healthy adult personalities.
Q2) With regard to historical determinism,Allport believed a person is:
A) motivated by the power of the id.
B) not in conscious control of the forces that motivate him or her.
C) pathological by nature and genetics.
D) not a prisoner of childhood conflicts and past experiences.
Q3) Allport believed that the best way to study personality was through:
A) the life histories of disturbed people.
B) comparisons of normal and neurotic adults.
C) the analysis of data from normal and healthy adults.
D) laboratory experiments on animals and humans.
Q4) In Allport's view,central traits are:
A) 5 to 10 themes that best describe our behavior.
B) exhibited only by mature adults.
C) more pervasive than cardinal traits.
D) possessed by only a few superior persons.
Q5) According to the Study of Values,list the categories of values.
Q6) What are the characteristics of traits as summarized by Allport?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck, The Five-Factor
Theory, Hexaco, and the Dark Triad
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 16 PF is widely used to assess personality for research,clinical diagnosis,and predicting occupational success.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One advantage of T-data is that:
A) it is obtained under controlled laboratory conditions.
B) it is resistant to biases which affect scoring and interpretation.
C) the subjects do not know what is being measured.
D) the subjects know themselves better than the researchers do.
Q3) Factor analysis is based on:
A) correlations between several measures.
B) clinical analysis of case studies.
C) treatment of the data derived from free association.
D) the statistical analysis of life history factors.
Q4) Q-data are obtained by:
A) self-report questionnaires filled by subjects.
B) tape recordings of psychotherapy sessions.
C) observation of behavior in real-life settings.
D) autobiographical accounts of the psychologists.
Q5) Explain the three ways to study personality as listed by Cattell.
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Chapter 9: Abraham Maslow: Needs-Hierarchy Theory
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Maslow's needs-hierarchy theory,which of the following is true of higher needs?
A) They are weaker than lower needs.
B) They arise later in life.
C) They are less necessary than lower needs for actual survival.
D) All of these are correct.
Q2) The needs to know and to understand,as proposed by Maslow,are:
A) innate and do not have to be taught.
B) independent of the original five-need hierarchy.
C) acquired and hence need to be groomed through training.
D) less essential for complete personality development.
Q3) Identify a true statement about Maslow's perspective of self-actualizers.
A) Self-actualizers evolve to be in a state of "being," spontaneously,naturally,and joyfully expressing their full humanity.
B) Self-actualizers are concerned with fulfilling their potential and with knowing and understanding their environment.
C) Self-actualizers' goal is to enrich their lives by acting to increase tension so as to experience a variety of challenging events.
D) All of these are correct.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Rogers,which of the following is part of the actualization tendency of people?
A) Physiological needs
B) Psychological needs
C) Process of maturation
D) All of these are correct.
Q2) According to the organismic valuing process,experiences that we perceive as promoting _____ are evaluated as good and desirable.
A) diligence
B) perseverance
C) self-preservation
D) actualization
Q3) Rogers believed that childhood experiences:
A) are unimportant in determining personality.
B) determine the personality by age five.
C) are more important in personality development than are experiences later in life.
D) have less impact on personality development than do experiences later in life.
Q4) Mention the characteristics of fully functioning persons,as described by Rogers.
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Chapter 11: George Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a dichotomized construct,when people select the high-risk,high-reward alternative,they are:
A) extending their construct system.
B) limiting their construct system.
C) fitting themselves into another person's construct system.
D) reinforcing their existing construct system.
Q2) Kelly's personality theory derived from:
A) his experience as a clinician.
B) surveys conducted on factory workers.
C) the study of self-actualized individuals.
D) interpretations of the two-factor theory.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about Kelly's life?
A) As a child,Kelly was neglected by his parents.
B) Kelly had been preparing for a career in psychology from the time he had enrolled in high school.
C) Paucity of funds made Kelly change his specialization from physiological psychology to clinical psychology.
D) Kelly's work in psychology was majorly influenced by Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
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13
Chapter 12: Bfskinner: Reinforcement Theory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shaping,according to Skinner,is the same thing as respondent behavior,which involves a response made or elicited by a specific stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In behavior modification programs,unconscious motivating forces are:
A) brought to the surface.
B) not dealt with.
C) eliminated by negative reinforcement.
D) extinguished.
Q3) Illustrate the operant-conditioning process using the example of a rat in a Skinner box.
Q4) In a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule,if the interval between presentations of reinforcers is shortened the response rate will:
A) extinguish.
B) increase.
C) decrease.
D) remain the same but extinction will take longer.
Q5) Define self-control and describe the techniques of self-control,giving one example for each.
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Chapter 13: Albert Bandura: Modeling Theory
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88 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In _____,we form a mental picture of the model's behavior and use it as a basis for imitation at a future time.
A) a classical conditioning system
B) an operant conditioning system
C) a verbal system
D) an imaginal system
Q2) Bandura did not attempt to deal with:
A) underlying unconscious conflicts.
B) behaviors or symptoms.
C) modifying or changing learned behaviors.
D) fears or phobias which restrict daily life.
Q3) Bandura's research:
A) was limited to children.
B) relied only on the correlational method.
C) compared the average performance of large groups.
D) was mostly limited to directly reinforced learning.
Q4) Bandura believed that violent behavior is learned by imitating aggressive behavior seen in television,movies,and video games.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Facets of Personality: Taking Control, Taking Chances,
and Finding Happiness
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Zuckerman conducted research on a limited-domain aspect of personality called:
A) learned helplessness.
B) sensation seeking.
C) self-efficacy.
D) superstitious behavior.
Q2) In the context of gender differences in sensation seeking,women scored higher on boredom susceptibility,whereas men scored higher on experience seeking.
A)True
B)False
Q3) At Ohio State University,Julian Rotter advanced his:
A) social-learning approach to psychology.
B) behaviorist approach to psychology.
C) psychoanalytic approach to psychology.
D) cognitive approach to psychology.
Q4) Julian Rotter was first interested in Skinner's ideas and went on to become a behavioral theorist.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Personality in Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ thought people were primarily rational human beings,governed by a conscious perception of themselves and their world of experience.
A) Allport
B) Maslow
C) Rogers
D) Jung
Q2) According to research,our jobs can influence our personality.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ is beneficial to many aspects of life and is determined by social and environmental factors.
A) Control
B) Change
C) Consistency
D) Conformity
Q4) Whether our genetic predispositions are realized depends on social and environmental conditions,particularly those of childhood.
A)True
B)False
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