Programming Fundamentals
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Programming Fundamentals introduces students to the core concepts of computer programming and logical problem-solving using a high-level programming language. This course covers essential topics such as data types, control structures, functions, arrays, and basic input/output operations. Through practical lab exercises and projects, students develop algorithmic thinking and learn to write, debug, and test simple programs. By the end of the course, students gain a solid foundation for further study in computer science and the ability to approach programming challenges systematically.
Recommended Textbook
Starting out with C++ Early Objects 9th Edition by Tony Gaddis
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) Creating a program requires many steps. Three of these are
A) input, processing, and output.
B) keywords, operators, and punctuation.
C) program design, writing source code, and testing.
D) syntax, logic, and error handling.
E) none of the above.
Answer: C
Q2) ________ is used in a C++ program to mark the end of a statement, or to separate items in a list.
A) A separator
B) Punctuation
C) An operator
D) A keyword
E) A blank space
Answer: B
Q3) List five elements that are common to all programming languages.
Answer: keywords, programmer-defined symbols, operators, punctuation, and syntax
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3
Chapter 2: Introduction to C Plus Plus
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following will cause the next output to begin on a new line?
A) cout << endl;
B) cout << "endl";
C) cout << "/n";
D) All of the above
E) A and C, but not B
Answer: A
Q2) C++ automatically places ________ at the end of a string literal.
A) a semicolon
B) quotation marks
C) the null terminator
D) a newline escape sequence
E) a blank
Answer: C
Q3) C++ is a case-sensitive language.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Expressions and Interactivity
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the value of dollars is 5.0, the following statement will output 5.00 to the monitor:
cout << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(4) << dollars << endl;
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The cin object must be followed by
A) a single stream insertion (<<) operator.
B) one or more stream insertion operators (<<).
C) a single stream extraction (>>) operator.
D) one or more stream extraction (>>) operators.
E) no operators.
Answer: D
Q3) Operator associativity is either left to right or
A) top to bottom.
B) front to back.
C) right to left.
D) inside to outside.
E) nothing else; it is always left to right.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Making Decisions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A trailing else placed at the end of an if/else if statement provides a default action when ________ of the if conditions is/are True.
A) none
B) any one
C) only the last one
D) at least two
E) all
Q2) The statement pass = (score >= 7) ?
True : false; does exactly the same thing as the if/else statement below: if (score >= 7)
pass = True; else pass = false;
A)True
B)False
Q3) The scope of a variable is the program it is defined in.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Looping
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Sample Questions
Q1) The block of code in the body of a while statement can contain an unlimited number of statements, provided they are enclosed in a set of braces.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) ________ is a variable that controls the number of times a loop iterates.
A) counter
B) accumulator
C) sentinel
D) total
E) loop control variable
Q3) A while loop is somewhat limited, because the counter can only count up, not down.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The statements in the body of a do-while loop are executed
A) only if the test condition is initially True.
B) at least once.
C) until the test condition becomes True.
D) until an exit statement is encountered.
E) forever until the user presses the break key.
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Chapter 6: Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) You may use the exit() function to return the flow of control from a function back to main() regardless of where the function was called from.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) ________ is information that is passed to a function, and a(n) ________ is a special variable that receives and holds that information.
A) function call, function header
B) function prototype, function header
C) parameter, argument
D) argument, parameter
E) formal argument, actual argument
Q3) A function ________ eliminates the need to place the function definition before all calls to the function.
A) header
B) prototype
C) argument
D) parameter
E) that is void
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8
Chapter 7: Introduction to Classes and Objects
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Sample Questions
Q1) A C++ member function that uses, but does not change, the value of a member variable is called
A) an accessor.
B) a mutator.
C) a user.
D) a constant.
E) a constructor.
Q2) The bundling of an object's data and functions together is called A) OOP.
B) encapsulation.
C) data hiding.
D) structuring.
E) private access.
Q3) If setSide is a Square class function and box is a Square object, which of the following statements would set the length of box's side to 5?
A) setSide(5);
B) box.setSide(5);
C) Square.setSide(5);
D) Square.setSide = 5;
E) None of the above
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Chapter 8: Arrays
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Sample Questions
Q1) The statement int grades[ ] = { 100, 90, 99, 80 }; Is an example of
A) default arguments.
B) an illegal array declaration.
C) an illegal array initialization.
D) data encapsulation.
E) implicit array sizing.
Q2) An individual array element can be processed or passed to a function just like a regular C++ variable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An array can store multiple values, but the values must be A) all the same data type.
B) declared at the time the array is created.
C) constants.
D) numeric, not characters or strings.
E) none of the above.
Q4) An array can be returned by a function as well as passed to a function. A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Searching, Sorting, Algorithm Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) If algorithm A requires 2n + 1 basic operations to process an input of size n, and Algorithm B requires 3n + 2 basic operations to process the same input, algorithm A is considered to be more efficient than Algorithm B.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The advantage of a linear search is that
A) it is simple.
B) it is efficient.
C) it is fast.
D) it can be used on unordered data.
E) both A and D
Q3) The ________ sort usually performs fewer exchanges than the ________ sort. A) bubble, selection B) selection, bubble
C) binary, linear
D) linear, binary
E) linear, bubble
Q4) A binary search requires that the elements be in order. A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Pointers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dynamic memory allocation occurs
A) when a variable is created by the compiler.
B) when a variable is created at run-time.
C) when a pointer fails to dereference the right variable.
D) when a pointer is assigned an incorrect address.
E) None of the above
Q2) ________ can be used as pointers.
A) Array names
B) C++ string objects
C) Punctuation marks
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
Q3) C++ does not perform array bounds checking.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An array name is a pointer constant because the address it represents cannot be changed during run-time.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: More About Classes and Object-Oriented Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) If an rvalue reference refers to a memory location, that memory location becomes an lvalue.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A static member function cannot be called if no objects of the class exist.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The base class's ________ affects the way its members are inherited by the derived class.
A) name
B) return data type
C) access specification
D) both A and B
E) None of the above
Q4) When you derive a class from an existing class, you
A) can add new data, but cannot add new functions.
B) can add new functions, but cannot add new data.
C) can add both new data and new functions.
D) must add both new data and new functions.
E) None of the above
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Chapter 12: More on C-Strings and the String Class
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Sample Questions
Q1) The string class member function ________ returns the C-string value of the string object.
A) c_string(string s)
B) c_str(string s)
C) c_str()
D) c_string()
E) None of the above
Q2) An array of characters ending with the null terminator is called
A) a C-string.
B) a C++ String.
C) a string literal.
D) a string class object.
E) None of the above
Q3) The expression strcmp("ab", "cde") returns
A) the boolean value false.
B) the boolean value True.
C) a negative integer.
D) a nonnegative integer.
E) None of the above
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Chapter 13: Advanced File and Io Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) All stream objects have ________ that indicate the condition of the stream.
A) error state bits
B) condition statements
C) markers
D) intrinsic error messages
E) None of the above
Q2) The statement dataFile.close();
A) is illegal in C++.
B) needs a file name argument to execute correctly.
C) closes a file.
D) is legal but risks losing valuable data.
E) None of the above
Q3) When the >> operator extracts information from a file, it expects to read data that are separated by A) commas.
B) tabs.
C) whitespace.
D) semicolons.
E) None of the above
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Recursion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The speed and amount of memory available to modern computers diminishes the performance impact of the overhead of recursion so much that for many applications, this overhead is not noticeable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Recursive algorithms tend to be less efficient than iterative algorithms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A recursive function that does not correctly handle its base case may
A) return 0 and stop.
B) return FALSE and stop.
C) cause an infinite chain of recursive calls.
D) reach the NULL terminator and stop.
E) None of the above
Q4) The quicksort algorithm works on the basis of
A) three sublists.
B) two sublists and a pivot.
C) two pivots and a sublist.
D) three pivots.
E) None of the above
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Polymorphism and Virtual Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ functions are dynamically bound by the compiler.
A) Constructor
B) Destructor
C) Static
D) Virtual
E) None of the above
Q2) In C++ polymorphism is very difficult to achieve unless you also use inheritance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When the compiler binds a call to a member function using only information available at compile time, the compiler is said to use ________ binding.
A) local
B) safe
C) static
D) dynamic
E) None of the above
Q4) Static binding occurs when the compiler binds a function call at compile time.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Exceptions, Templates, and the Standard
Template Library Stl
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ________ is a "generic" function that can work with different data types.
A) function argument
B) function parameter
C) function template
D) member function
E) None of the above
Q2) Non-template functions have a slight advantage in speed over template functions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All type parameters defined in a function template must appear at least once in the A) function parameter list.
B) preprocessor directives.
C) function call.
D) type.h file.
E) None of the above
Q4) Using a function template often requires writing less code than overloading a function.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Linked Lists
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Sample Questions
Q1) In many recursive operations on linked lists,
A) the head of the list is chopped off and thrown away.
B) the base case considers the last element of the list.
C) the base case is when the list is empty or has a single element.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
Q2) A list that contains pointers to the previous node, the next node, and a node in the third dimension is known as a triple-linked list.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nodes in a linked list are stored in contiguous memory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When you delete a node from a linked list, you must ensure that the links in the surrounding nodes are set to bypass the node being deleted.
A)True
B)False
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19
Chapter 18: Stacks and Queues
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n) ________ is an abstract data type that stores and retrieves items in a last-in-first-out manner.
A) array
B) queue
C) stack
D) vector
E) None of the above
Q2) The first item placed onto a stack is always the last item removed from the stack.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stacks are useful data structures for algorithms that work with lists of items in a
A) first in, first out order.
B) first in, last out order.
C) last in, last out order.
D) garbage in, garbage out order.
E) None of the above
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Chapter 19: Binary Trees
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Sample Questions
Q1) A program keeps track of a binary tree using a pointer to A) one of its leaves.
B) its root node.
C) the node in the tree holding the biggest value.
D) the node in the tree holding the smallest value.
E) None of the above
Q2) The preorder method of traversing a binary tree involves processing the root node's data, traversing the left subtree, and then traversing the right subtree.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Deleting a node from a binary search tree node
A) is easiest when the node is the root.
B) is hardest when the node is a leaf.
C) is hardest when the node has one child.
D) is hardest when the node has two children.
E) None of the above
Q4) There exists a binary tree with a hundred nodes, but only one leaf.
A)True
B)False
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