Programming Fundamentals
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Programming Fundamentals introduces students to the core concepts of computer programming and problem-solving using a high-level programming language. The course covers essential topics such as variables, data types, operators, control structures (selection and iteration), functions, arrays, and basic input/output operations. Emphasis is placed on algorithmic thinking, structured program development, and debugging techniques. Through hands-on coding exercises and projects, students will develop logical reasoning skills and gain practical experience in designing, writing, and testing simple programs, laying a strong foundation for more advanced study in computer science.
Recommended Textbook
Starting Out with C++ from Control Structures to Objects 9th Edition by Tony Gaddis
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21 Chapters
949 Verified Questions
949 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming
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47 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the heart of a computer is its central processing unit. The CPU's job is:
A) To fetch instructions
B) To carry out the operations commanded by the instructions
C) To produce some outcome or resultant information
D) All of these
E) None of these
Answer: D
Q2) Machine language is an example of a high-level language.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) This is a set of rules that must be followed when constructing a program:
A) syntax
B) punctuation
C) key words
D) operators
E) identifiers
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Introduction to C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Floating point constants are normally stored in memory as doubles.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Programming style refers to the way a programmer uses elements such as identifiers, spaces, and blank lines.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) What is output of the following statement?
cout << 4 * (15 / (1 + 3)) << endl;
A) 15
B) 12
C) 63
D) 72
E) None of these
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Expressions and Interactivity
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45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following functions will return the value of x, rounded to the nearest whole number?
A) abs(x)
B) fmod(x)
C) sqrt(x)
D) round(x)
E) whole(x)
Answer: D
Q2) The function pow(x, y), requires which header file?
A) cstdlib
B) cstring
C) iostream
D) cmath
E) iomanip
Answer: D
Q3) The cin << statement will stop reading input when it encounters a newline character.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Making Decisions
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a rule of style, when writing an if statement you should indent the conditionally-executed statements.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Relational operators allow you to __________ numbers.
A) add
B) multiply C) compare D) average
E) None of these
Q3) If the expression on the left side of the following is False, the expression on the right side will not be checked.
(a > = b) && (c == d)
A)True
B)False
Q4) The default section is required in a switch statement.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Loops and Files
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This means to increase a value:
A) decrement
B) increment
C) modulus
D) parse
E) None of these
Q2) What will the following code display?
Int number = 6;
Int x = 0;
X = --number;
Cout << x << endl;
A) 6
B) 5
C) 7
D) 0
Q3) string objects have a member function named c_str that returns the contents of the object formatted as a null-terminated C-string.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Select all that apply. Which of the following must be included in a function header?
A) the data type of each parameter
B) the data type of the return value
C) the name of the function
D) the names of parameter variables
Q2) Which of the following causes a function to execute?
A) a for loop
B) a do-while loop
C) a function prototype
D) a function call
E) None of these
Q3) A function __________ contains the statements that make up the function.
A) prototype
B) definition
C) call
D) expression
E) parameter list
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Chapter 7: Arrays and Vectors
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n) __________ can be used to specify the starting values of an array.
A) initialization list
B) array name
C) subscript
D) element
E) None of these
Q2) To access an array element, use the array name and the element's ___________.
A) data type
B) subscript
C) value
D) name
E) None of these
Q3) A vector object automatically expands in size to accommodate the items stored in it.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The following statement is a valid C++ definition: double money[25.00];
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Searching and Sorting Arrays
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Sample Questions
Q1) A selection sort and a binary search can be applied to STL vectors as well as arrays.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Before you can perform a bubble sort, the data must be stored in descending order.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The bubble sort is an easy way to arrange data in ascending order but it cannot arrange data in descending order.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A binary search begins with the __________ element of an array.
A) first
B) last
C) largest
D) middle
E) None of these
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Pointers
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you are using an older computer that does not support the C++11 standard, you should initialize pointers with
A) the integer 0 or the value NULL
B) the null terminator '\0'
C) a nonzero value
D) Any of these
E) None of these
Q2) What will the following code output?
Int number = 22;
Int *var = &number;
Cout << *var << endl;
A) the address of number
B) 22
C) an asterisk followed by 22
D) an asterisk followed by the address of number
Q3) A pointer can be used as a function argument, giving the function access to the original argument.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Characters, C-Strings, and More About the String Class
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although C++ provides ample library functions to handle numeric values, we must write all of our own functions to manipulate character values.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The string class's front and back member functions were introduced in C++11.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The following string that uses a semicolon as a delimiter contains four tokens: "apple;cherry;lemon cream"
A)True
B)False
Q4) You may use the <, >, <=, >=, ==, and != relational operators to compare string objects.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The isdigit function will return true if the argument is a digit between 0 and 9. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Structured Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) The expression *s->p; indicates that s is a structure pointer and p, which is also a pointer, is a member of the structure pointed to by s.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Given the structure definition shown, assume that circle1 and circle2 are variables of the Circle type and their members have been initialized. struct Circle {
\(\quad\)double centerX; \(\quad\)double centerY; \(\quad\)double radius; };
Then, is it true or False that the following statement correctly determines whether the two variables' members contain the same data? if (circle1 == circle2)
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Advanced File Operations
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38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the state bit that is set when an attempted operation fails?
A) ios::failbit
B) ios::badbit
C) ios::hardfail
D) ios::goodbit
E) None of these
Q2) Which of the following statements opens a file named info.txt for both input and output?
A) dataFile.open("info.txt", ios::in && ios::out);
B) dataFile.open("info.txt", ios::in, ios::out);
C) dataFile.open("info.txt", input || output);
D) dataFile.open("info.txt", ios::in | ios::out);
E) None of these
Q3) Only one file stream object can be declared per C++ program.
A)True
B)False
Q4) File output may be formatted the same way as console screen output.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Introduction to Classes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A __________ is a member function that is automatically called when a class object is __________.
A) constructor, created
B) destructor, created
C) static function, deallocated
D) utility function, declared
E) None of these
Q2) The destructor function's return type is
A) int
B) float
C) char
D) Nothing; destructors have no return type
E) None of these
Q3) The constructor function always has the same name as A) the first private data member
B) the first public data member
C) the class
D) the first object of the class
E) None of these
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Page 15
Chapter 14: More About Classes
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a member is declared __________, all objects of that class have access to that variable.
A) static
B) dynamic
C) inline
D) default
E) None of these
Q2) The overloaded = operator copies data from one object to another so it is known as the overload copy operator.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In C++ if you overload the < operator, you must also overload the > operator.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You may overload any C++ operator and you may use the operator function to define non-standard operations, such as @ or ^.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Virtual Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Protected members of a base class are like __________, but they may be accessed by derived classes.
A) constructor functions
B) static members
C) private members
D) public members
E) None of these
Q2) More than one class may be derived from a base class.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is being protected in the following statement?
Class Car :
Protected Vehicle
A) derived class functions
B) base class members
C) derived class data
D) future inherited classes
E) None of these
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Chapter 16: Exceptions and Templates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using a function template requires less code than overloading a function.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Catch blocks serve as
A) exception handlers
B) receivers
C) temporary variables
D) permanent storage for trapped errors
E) None of these
Q3) When the __________ operator fails to allocate memory, C++ throws a bad_alloc exception.
A) new
B) alloc
C) catch
D) None of these
Q4) A generic function that can work with any data type is called an exception template.
A)True
B)False
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Page 18
Chapter 17: The Standard Template Library
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following defines an array object that holds three strings?
A) array<int, 3> items = {blue, green, yellow}
B) array<strings, 4> items = {'blue', 'green', 'yellow',}
C) array<string, 4> items = {"blue", "green", "yellow"}
D) array<4> string items {"blue", "green", "yellow"}
E) None of these
Q2) Two types of container classes in the STL are
A) sequence and associative
B) box and cylinder
C) array and struct
D) constant and literal
E) None of these
Q3) When an element is stored in a map, it is stored as an object of the __________ type.
A) map
B) key
C) pair
D) key_value
E) None of these
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Linked Lists
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Sample Questions
Q1) A linked list is a series of connected
A) ADTs
B) vectors
C) algorithms
D) nodes
E) None of these
Q2) A linked list class must take care of removing the dynamically allocated nodes and this is done by
A) the constructor function
B) the destructor function
C) overriding the removal function
D) overloading the memory persistence operator
E) None of these
Q3) A linked list is called "linked" because each node in the series has a pointer that points to the next node in the list.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Linked lists are less complex to code and manage than arrays.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Stacks and Queues
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a static stack class, the constructor function can dynamically allocate memory for the stack array.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Given the following code, assume the myStack object is a stack that can hold integers and that value is an int variable. 1 myStack.push(0);
2 myStack.push(1);
3 myStack.push(2);
4 myStack.pop(value);
5 myStack.pop(value);
6 myStack.pop(value);
7 cout << value << endl;
Assume that the pop function, called on lines 4, 5, and 6, stores the number popped from the stack in the value variable. What will the statement on line 7 display?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) None of these
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21
Chapter 20: Recursion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The programmer must ensure that a recursive function does not become
A) a static function
B) a virtual function
C) an endless loop
D) a dynamic function
E) None of these
Q2) The recursive factorial function calculates the factorial of its parameter. Its base case is when the parameter is
A) returned
B) received
C) one
D) zero
E) None of these
Q3) Select all that apply. Which of the following problems can be solved using recursion?
A) computing factorials
B) finding the greatest common divisor of two numbers
C) doing a Binary Search
D) multiplying two numbers
E) traversing a linked list
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Binary Trees
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Sample Questions
Q1) A binary tree with a height of three has A) six nodes
B) one root and three nodes with two children each
C) three levels
D) three subtrees
E) None of these
Q2) In a binary tree class you usually have a pointer as a member that is set to the A) leftmost child node
B) first leaf node
C) root of the tree
D) deepest leaf node
E) None of these
Q3) The InOrder, PreOrder, and PostOrder traversals can be accomplished using A) recursion
B) no pointers
C) no arguments
D) no parameters
E) None of these
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