Physics for Engineers (Algebra-Based) Final Exam Questions - 1470 Verified Questions by Quizplus

Physics for Engineers (Algebra-Based)

Final Exam Questions

Course Introduction

Physics for Engineers (Algebra-Based) is designed to introduce engineering students to the core principles of physics using algebraic methods, focusing on practical applications relevant to the field. The course covers fundamental topics such as mechanics, energy, waves, thermodynamics, electricity, and magnetism, all within the context of engineering problem-solving. Emphasis is placed on understanding the physical laws governing motion, force, energy transfer, and electric circuits, as well as honing quantitative reasoning and analytical skills crucial for engineering disciplines. Laboratory sessions complement theoretical knowledge by allowing students to conduct hands-on experiments and record data, reinforcing concepts through real-world examples and collaborative learning.

Recommended Textbook

College Physics Strategic Approach with Mastering Physics 2nd Edition by Randall D. Knight

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30 Chapters

1470 Verified Questions

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Representing Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) What are some advantages of using scientific notation to express very large or very small numbers?

Answer: The main advantage is the ability to express these numbers in a minimum amount of space.For example:

1 trillion = 1,000,000,000,000 = 1 × 1012

Q2) What is 0.2052/3,to the proper number of significant figures?

A)0.348

B)0.35

C)0.3

D)0.3477

Answer: A

Q3) A person on a diet loses 1.6 kg in a week.How many micrograms/second (µg/s)are lost?

A)2.6 × 103 g/s

B)1.6 × 105 g/s

C)44 g/s

D)6.4 × 104 g/s

Answer: A

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Page 3

Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension

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Sample Questions

Q1) Negative acceleration is called deceleration because an object is slowing down.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q2) A test rocket is fired straight up from rest with a net acceleration of 20 m/s2.After 4 seconds the motor turns off,but the rocket continues to coast upward.What maximum elevation does the rocket reach?

A)487 m

B)327 m

C)320 m

D)408 m

E)160 m

Answer: A

Q3) What quantity is measured by your speedometer (be as specific as possible)?

Answer: Your speedometer tells you the instantaneous speed of your car.

Q4) It is physically impossible for an object to have a negative acceleration and yet be speeding up.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Page 4

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Chapter 3: Vectors and Motion in Two Dimensions

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Sample Questions

Q1) The components of a vector will be the same no matter what coordinate system is used to express that vector.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q2) A plane flying at 70.0 m/s suddenly stalls.If the acceleration during the stall is 9.8 m/s2 directly downward,the stall lasts 5.0 s,and the plane was originally climbing at 25° to the horizontal,what is the velocity after the stall?

A)66 m/s at -17°

B)66 m/s at +17°

C)80 m/s at -37°

D)80 m/s at +37°

Answer: A

Q3) What is the minimum number of vectors (none of which have the same magnitude)for which it is theoretically possible that the sum of those vectors can be equal to zero?

Answer: It is possible with three (or more)vectors.Three is the minimum number for which the condition may be satisfied.

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Chapter 4: Forces and Newtons Laws of Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) You are making a circular turn in your car when you hit a big patch of ice,causing the force of friction between the tires and the road to become zero.While the car is on the ice,it

A)moves along a straight-line path.

B)continues to follow a circular path,but with a radius larger than the original radius. C)moves along a path that is neither straight nor circular.

D)continues to follow the same circular path as initially.

Q2) Bill and Susan are both standing on identical skateboards (with really good ball bearings),initially at rest.Bill weighs three times as much as Susan.Bill pushes horizontally on Susan's back,causing Susan to start moving away from Bill.Immediately after Bill stops pushing,

A)Susan and Bill are moving away from each other,and Susan's speed is three times that of Bill.

B)Susan is moving away from Bill,and Bill is stationary.

C)Susan and Bill are moving away from each other,with equal speeds.

D)Susan and Bill are moving away from each other,and Susan's speed is three times less than that of Bill.

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Chapter 5: Applying Newtons Laws

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Sample Questions

Q1) A fish is to be weighed at the harbor.If the mass of the fish is 69.0 kg,what will be the reading on the scale? (Use g = 9.8 m/s2. )

A)676 N

B)7.04 N

C)7.74 N

D)744 N

Q2) Jason takes off across level water on his jet-powered skis.The combined mass of Jason and skis is 75 kg (the mass of the fuel is negligible).The skis have a thrust of 200 N and a coefficient of kinetic friction on water of 0.1.Unfortunately,the skis run out of fuel after only 90 s.What is Jason's top speed?

A)150 m/s

B)240 m/s

C)24 m/s

D)90 m/s

Q3) A 75 pound box rests on a perfectly smooth horizontal surface.Any horizontal force greater than zero will cause it to start moving.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 6: Circular Motion,orbits,and Gravity

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Sample Questions

Q1) The weight of spaceman Speff,solely due to the gravitational pull of planet X at its surface,is 389 N.If he moves to a distance of 1.86 × 104 km above the planet's surface,his weight changes to 24.31 N.What is the mass of planet X,if Speff's mass is 75 kg?

A)2.96 × 1024 kg

B)2.96 × 1018 kg

C)2.96 × 1017 kg

D)1.59 × 1018 kg

Q2) A mass on a string is swung in a vertical circle at a constant speed.The string will break if the tension in the string exceeds a critical value.At what part of the circle is the string most likely to break,and why?

Q3) If the mass of Earth and all objects on it were suddenly doubled,the acceleration due to gravity at the surface would become 4 times what it is now.

A)True

B)False

Q4) For astronauts in space,there is no atmosphere to slow their orbit.Why don't they just fly away to the moon?

Q5) Can a satellite be in an elliptical orbit under uniform circular motion?

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Chapter 7: Rotational Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) A cylinder and a sphere,both solid and uniform and having the same mass and diameter,roll without slipping down the same ramp starting from rest.Both of them will reach the ground at the same time.

A)True

B)False

Q2) There must be equal amounts of mass on either side of the center of mass.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The table shows the masses and the coordinates x and y of a set of three point masses in the x-y plane.The masses are interconnected by light struts,forming a rigid body.The moment of inertia of the rigid body,through the center of mass and perpendicular to the x-y plane,is closest to:

A)3000 kg m2

B)3200 kg m2

C)3400 kg m2

D)3600 kg m2

E)3800 kg m2

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Chapter 8: Equilibrium and Elasticity

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 50 kg uniform ladder,5.0 m long,is placed against a smooth wall at a height of h = 3.7 m.The base of the ladder rests on a rough horizontal surface whose coefficient of static friction is 0.40.An 80 kg block is suspended from the top rung of the ladder,just at the wall.In the figure,the magnitude of the force exerted on the base of the ladder,due to contact with the rough horizontal surface is closest to:

A)1580

B)1560

C)1550

D)1600

E)1610

Q2) If two forces of equal magnitude act on an object that is hinged at a pivot,the force acting farther from the pivot must produce the greater torque about the pivot.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Do all points on a rigid,rotating body have the same angular acceleration? Support your answer.

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Chapter 9: Momentum

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 14 cm diameter champagne bottle rests on its side on top of a frictionless table.Suddenly,the cork pops and the bottle slides backward for a distance of 22.0 cm in 0.44 s.If the mass of the bottle is 500 times the mass of the cork,find the distance from the original position the cork will land on the table.

A)3000 cm

B)60 m

C)85 m

D)8.5 cm

Q2) A 1120 kg car experiences an impulse of 30,000.0 N · s during a collision with a wall.If the collision takes 0.43 s,what was the velocity of the car just before the collision?

A)27 m/s

B)12 m/s

C)63 m/s

D)22 m/s

Q3) As a tile falls from the roof of a building to the ground its momentum is conserved.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 10: Energy and Work

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Sample Questions

Q1) A child does 350 J of work while pulling a box from the ground up to his tree house with a rope.The tree house is 8.4 m above the ground.What is the mass of the box?

A)4.3 kg

B)2.6 kg

C)3.2 kg

D)3.9 kg

Q2) Is energy conserved during a two-car collision?

Q3) A block starts from rest at the top of a 31.0° inclined plane and encounters a spring,of constant 3.4 kN/m,rigidly attached to the plane.If the block's mass is 33.0 kg and it compresses the spring by 37.0 cm,find the distance the block travelled before it encountered the spring.

A)1.0 m

B)137 cm

C)74 m

D)82.6 cm

Q4) Kinetic energy is conserved only in perfectly elastic collisions,but momentum is conserved in all collisions.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 11: Using Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) A thermometer flashes the temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit along with the time.If it flashes 25°F,what will the thermometer flash in Celsius?

A)-3.9°C

B)-18.1°C

C)77°C

D)13.9°C

Q2) A heat engine operates between Tc = 294 K and Th = 450 K.What is the maximum possible efficiency?

A)0.35

B)0.65

C)0.53

D)1.53

Q3) Water turns to ice when it is placed in a freezer.During this process,the entropy of this water has decreased.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Does an increase in entropy increase or decrease the ability of a system to do work?

Q5) Is liberating heat through combustion a reversible or an irreversible process?

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Chapter 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

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Sample Questions

Q1) Heat is added to a 2.0 kg piece of ice at a rate of 793.0 kW.How long will it take for the ice at 0.0ºC to melt? (For water Lf = 334 kJ/kg and Lv = 2257 kJ/kg. )

A)0.84 s

B)530,000 s

C)0.0 s

D)670 s

Q2) Which contains more moles of material: 80 grams of helium or 400 grams of argon?

A)the helium

B)the argon

C)Both contain the same number of moles.

Q3) In the figure,the principle underlying the operation of this device is that

A)different metals have different latent heats.

B)different metals have different thermal conductivities.

C)different metals have different thermal expansion coefficients.

D)heat always flows from hot to cold,never from cold to hot.

E)different metals have different heat capacities.

Q4) A horizontal line on a PV diagram represents an isobaric process.

A)True

B)False

Page 14

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Chapter 13: Fluids

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Sample Questions

Q1) A long vertical metal cylinder is filled with oil.If a piston pushes on the top of this cylinder and increases the pressure there by 6,000 Pa,the pressure at the bottom will increase considerably more due to the weight of the oil.

A)True

B)False

Q2) One of the dangers of tornados and hurricanes is the rapid drop in air pressure that is associated with such storms.Assume that the air pressure inside of a sealed house is 1.02 atm when a hurricane hits.The hurricane rapidly decreases the external air pressure to 0.910 atm.What net force (directed outwards)is exerted on a 2.02 m square window on the house?

A)4.55 × 104 N

B)5.14 × 104 N

C)4.78 × 105 N

D)5.37 × 105 N

Q3) If the gauge pressure at a certain depth in Lake Michigan is 3.5 atmospheres,the absolute pressure at that depth is 4.5 atm.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 14: Oscillations

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Sample Questions

Q1) Two identical objects,each with a mass M,are attached to each other via a spring with a spring constant k.The two objects are oscillating such that one is always moving in the opposite direction and with the same speed as the other.If the two objects were made to oscillate with a higher amplitude,

A)the average kinetic energy of each object would increase.

B)the average potential energy of the spring would increase.

C)the total mechanical energy would increase.

D)All of the above

Q2) A 0.12 kg block on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached to a spring whose force constant is 570 N/m.The block is pulled from its equilibrium position at x = 0 m to a displacement x = +0.080 m and is released from rest.The block then executes simple harmonic motion along the x-axis (horizontal).The displacement of the block at time t = 0.20 s is closest to:

A)0.01 m

B)-0.01 m

C)0.08 m

D)-0.08 m

E)0.1 m

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Page 16

Chapter 15: Traveling Waves and Sound

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Sample Questions

Q1) If a wave has a speed of 362 m/s and a period of 4.17 ms,its wavelength is closest to:

A)1510 m

B)1.51 m

C)86.8 m

D)86,800 m

E)0.0115 m

Q2) Find the speed of an ocean wave whose displacement is given by y = 3.7 cos(2.2x5.6t)where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds.

A)2.5 m/s

B)1.9 m/s

C)3.5 m/s

D)4.5 m/s

Q3) Which of the following increases when a sound becomes louder?

A)frequency

B)wavelength

C)amplitude

D)period

E)velocity

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Chapter 16: Superposition and Standing Waves

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Q1) If the fourth harmonic for a string fixed at both ends is 220 Hz,the fundamental frequency for this string is 880 Hz.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A guitar string 0.65 m long has a tension of 61 N and a mass per unit length of 3.0 g/m.

(a)What is the speed of waves on the string when it is plucked?

(b)What is the string's fundamental frequency of vibration when plucked?

(c)What other frequencies will this string allow?

Q3) A string,0.13 m long,vibrating in the n = 4 harmonic,excites an open pipe,0.88 m long,into second overtone resonance.The speed of sound in air is 345 m/s.The velocity of transverse waves in the string,in SI units,is closest to:

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Chapter 17: Wave Optics

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Sample Questions

Q1) Light from a He-Ne laser of wavelength 633 nm passes through a circular aperture.It is observed on a screen 4.0 m behind the aperture.The width of the central maximum is 5.4 cm.What is the diameter of the hole?

A)110 m

B)2.0 m

C)6600 m

D)960 m

Q2) In Situation 17.1,the wavelength of light in the 400 nm to 800 nm wavelength band that is most weakly reflected,in nm,is closest to:

A)520

B)540

C)560

D)580

E)600

Q3) A diffraction grating is described by its groove spacing d.But each groove consists of a clear aperture a and an opaque part b.For fixed d how does changing a and b (the ratio a/b)affect the diffracted light?

Q4) How wide is a single slit that gives its first minimum at 90°?

Q5) Why are only about 6-10 minima seen when light illuminates a single slit?

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Chapter 18: Ray Optics

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Sample Questions

Q1) Suppose you place your face in front of a concave mirror.

A)If you position yourself between the center of curvature and the focal point of the mirror,you will not be able to see your image.

B)No matter where you place yourself,a real image will be formed.

C)Your image will always be inverted.

D)Your image will be diminished in size.

E)None of these is true.

Q2) Light having a speed in vacuum of 3.0 × 108 m/s enters a liquid of refractive index 2.0.In this liquid,its speed will be:

A)6.0 × 108 m/s

B)3.0 × 108 m/s

C)1.5 × 108 m/s

D)0.75 × 108 m/s

E)None of the above choices are correct.

Q3) When moving a convex lens toward and away from your eye it reaches a point where the entire lens appears a single color.What is this point? Why?

Q4) What experiment could you quickly do to detect the difference between a real diamond and an identically shaped fake?

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Page 20

Chapter 19: Optical Instruments

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Sample Questions

Q1) In Situation 19.2,the overall magnification of the microscope is closest to:

A)250

B)300

C)350

D)400

E)450

Q2) To give large magnification,a telescope should have

A)an objective with a long focal length and an eyepiece with a short focal length.

B)an objective with a short focal length and an eyepiece with a long focal length.

C)an objective with a long focal length and an eyepiece with a long focal length.

D)an objective with a short focal length and an eyepiece with a short focal length.

Q3) The intensity of light decreases as the f-number of a camera lens is increased.

A)True

B)False

Q4) You use a $600 lens from a photocopy machine hoping to make a good telescope.Yet the image is disappointingly bad.Why?

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Chapter 20: Electric Fields and Forces

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Sample Questions

Q1) The more closely electric field lines are packed together,the stronger the field.

A)True

B)False

Q2) If one bag contains a charge 8Q and another one contains charge Q,the 8Q-bag exerts 8 times as much force on the Q-bag as the Q-bag exerts on the 8Q-bag.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Three charges of magnitude 3.0 $\times$ 10-4 C each are located at x = 1.0 m,y = 1.0 m,at s = 0.0 m,y = 0.0 m,and at x = -1.0 m,y = 0.0 m.The one in the middle is negative,while the other two are positive.What is the net Coulombic force exerted by them on a negative 3.0 $\times$ 10-5 C charge located at x = 0.0 m,y = 2.0 m? (The value of k is 9.0 × 109 N·m2/C2. )

A)87 N attractive

B)87 N repulsive

C)120 N attractive

D)120 N repulsive

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Chapter 21: Electric Potential

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Q1) Suppose you have two point charges,+Q and -q.As you pull them farther and farther apart,you increase the potential energy of this system relative to infinity.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A parallel-plate capacitor consists of two parallel,square plates that have dimensions 1.0 cm by 1.0 cm.If the plates are separated by 1.0 mm,and the space between them is filled with teflon,what is the capacitance? (The dielectric constant for teflon is 2.1. )

A)1.9 pF

B)0.44 pF

C)2.1 pF

D)0.88 pF

Q3) If the voltage at a point in space is zero,then the electric field must be A)negative.

B)zero.

C)uniform.

D)positive.

E)Impossible to determine based on the information given.

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Chapter 22: Current and Resistance

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Q1) If you double the diameter of a cylindrical wire,you double its conductivity but reduce its resistivity by one half.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A 4.0 m length of gold wire is connected to a 1.5 V battery,and a current of 4.0 mA flows through it.What is the diameter of the wire? (The resistivity of gold is 2.44 × 10-8 ·m. )

A)17 m

B)8.5 m

C)48 m

D)9.0 m

Q3) The direction of the current I in a metal wire is the same as the direction of the internal electric field in the wire but it is opposite to the direction the electrons are moving.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Why is it that electrons rather than positive ions flow from a wire?

Q5) Where does the energy go that an electron has gained from the electric field when the electron passes through a conductor that has resistivity?

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Chapter 23: Circuits

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Q1) A circuit requires a 500 resistor,but all that is available are 1 k resistors.If the 1 k resistors are in abundant supply,how can they be combined to achieve the desired resistance?

Q2) Ohm's law is a fundamental law of physics and is therefore obeyed by all materials.

A)True

B)False

Q3) When a potential difference of 10 V is placed across a certain solid cylindrical resistor,the current through it is 2.0 A.If the diameter of this resistor is now tripled,the current will be 18 A.

A)True

B)False

Q4) In a discharging RC circuit,it takes one time constant for the capacitor to discharge completely.

A)True

B)False

Q5) The high potential end of a resistor is the end at which the current enters it.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 24: Magnetic Fields and Forces

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Q1) The net magnetic field inside a conductor must be zero.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A square wire 2.0 cm on each side is oriented so that a 5.00 mT magnetic field makes a 30.0º angle with the normal to the plane of the square.If a 1.0 mA current causes a 32.0 N · m torque on the wire,how many loops does the wire make?

A)3.2 × 1010

B)3.2 × 106

C)1.6 × 1010

D)4.5 × 1010

Q3) A charged particle moving within a static magnetic field

A)will always experience a magnetic force,regardless of its direction of motion.

B)may experience a magnetic force that will cause its speed to change.

C)may experience a magnetic force,but its speed will not change.

D)None of the above statements are true.

Q4) A metal wire is bent into a square and carries a uniform current throughout it.The net magnetic field at the center of this square is zero.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Induction and Electromagnetic Waves

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Q1) A closed-loop conductor with radius 2.0 m is located in a changing magnetic field.If the maximum emf induced in the loop is 2.0 V,what is the maximum rate at which the magnetic field strength is changing if the magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the plane in which the loop lies?

A)0.16 T/s

B)1.0 T/s

C)0.080 T/s

D)2.0 T/s

Q2) In the figure,the orientation of the transmission axis for each of three polarizing sheets is labeled relative to the vertical direction.A beam of light,polarized in the vertical direction,is incident on the first polarized with an intensity of 1000 W/m2.What is the intensity of the beam after it has passed through the three polarizing sheets when 1 = 30º, 2 = 30º,and 3 = 60º?

A)141 W/m2

B)316 W/m2

C)433 W/m2

D)563 W/m2

E)188 W/m2

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Chapter 26: Ac Electricity

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Sample Questions

Q1) Power loss in the transmission lines depends linearly on the current.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Why is it not possible to have an LC circuit oscillate if the frequency of the signal constantly changes?

Q3) An RLC circuit has a sinusoidal voltage supplied to it at 632 kHz with a peak voltage of 748 V;a 25 k resistance;a 16 F capacitance;and a 30 H inductance.What is the peak current for this circuit?

A)6.3 A

B)11 A

C)26 A

D)30 A

Q4) A circuit containing a 39-H inductor has an alternating current supplied to it.If Irms is 10.0 A and Vp is 18 V,find the frequency of the signal.

A)0.0052 Hz

B)0.21 Hz

C)0.033 Hz

D)0.41 Hz

Q5) If a circuit doubles its peak voltage,what happens to its rms voltage?

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Chapter 27: Relativity

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Q1) Someone in Earth's rest frame says that a spaceship's trip between two planets took 10.0 y,while an astronaut on the spaceship says that the trip took 6.27 y.Find the velocity of the spaceship in terms of the speed of light.

A)0.779 c

B)0.687 c

C)0.975 c

D)0.384 c

Q2) A particle in a 453 m-long particle accelerator is moving at 0.875 c.How long does the particle accelerator appear to the particle?

A)219 m

B)589 m

C)104 m

D)936 m

Q3) The total energy of a moving electron is 0.758 MeV.What is the speed of the electron in terms of c?

A)0.739 c

B)0.794 c

C)0.306 c

D)0.933 c

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Chapter 28: Quantum Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 10 g bouncy ball is confined in a 8.3 cm long box.What is its minimum energy?

A)8.0 × 10-64 J

B)3.2 × 10-46 J

C)1.3 × 10-20 J

D)zero

Q2) The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons from a metal is equal to the work function of that metal.

A)True

B)False

Q3) A proton and an electron are confined in a very small one-dimensional box.Which object has the lower minimum kinetic energy?

A)the proton

B)the electron

C)The minimum kinetic energy is the same for both particles.

Q4) For what wavelength does a 100 mW laser deliver 1.6 × 1017 photons in one second?

A)320 nm

B)330 nm

C)340 nm

D)350 nm

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Chapter 29: Atoms and Molecules

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Q1) In the spectrum of hydrogen the lines obtained by setting m = 1 in Balmer's formula is called the Lyman series.Calculate the wavelength of the spectral line of the 16th member of the Lyman series.

A)91.6 nm

B)371 nm

C)102 nm

D)83.2 nm

Q2) A hydrogen atom is excited to the n = 6 level.Its decay to the n = 2 level is detected in a photographic plate.What is the wavelength of the detected emission?

A)410 nm

B)93.8 nm

C)1090 nm

D)93.1 nm

Q3) Find the energy of the photon emitted when an electron drops from the n = 20 state to the n = 7 state in a hydrogen atom.

A)0.244 eV

B)0.263 eV

C)0.283 eV

D)0.302 eV

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Chapter 30: Nuclear Physics

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Q1) A summary of the nuclear reactions that power our sun can be written as 4p $\to$ 4He + 2e-,with masses of 938.272 MeV/c2 for proton,3727.38 MeV/c2 for helium,and 0.511 MeV/c2 for electrons.If this is the reaction that occurs,how much energy is released?

A)24.69 MeV

B)28.3 MeV

C)2790.13 MeV

D)279.01 MeV

Q2) An air sample is contaminated with 15O,which has a half-life of 2.03 minutes.You can pass it through a long pipe to allow it to decay until it can be safely released,at an air speed of 1.1 m/s.How long must your pipeline be for the sample to decay to 3% of its original activity?

A)678 m

B)8 m

C)7 m

D)2 m

Q3) The majority of known nuclei are stable.

A)True

B)False

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