Physical Therapy Principles
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course introduces students to the foundational principles and practices of physical therapy, exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of rehabilitation and movement science. Emphasis is placed on understanding the anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems, mechanisms of injury, assessment techniques, and evidence-based intervention strategies. Students will learn about patient care planning, therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, and modalities used in physical therapy practice, highlighting professional ethics, safety, and interdisciplinary collaboration within healthcare. The course prepares students to apply these core concepts in clinical settings, enabling effective and compassionate care for individuals with physical impairments or disabilities.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology An Integrative Approach 2nd Edition by McKinley
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29 Chapters
3928 Verified Questions
3928 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2044
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/40689
Sample Questions
Q1) The lumbar regions are located lateral to the umbilical region.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The cranial cavity houses the A)eyeball.
B)ear canals.
C)brain.
D)spinal cord.
E)nasal structures.
Answer: C
Q3) If someone speaks too loudly into a microphone,a public address system will sometimes produce a loud whistle of amplified feedback.Explain whether this is an example of negative or positive feedback,and explain how the microphone,control box,and speaker of the system serve as the different components of a feedback loop. Answer: This is an example of positive feedback,where the mic is a receptor (it receives the input),the control box is a control center (it has knobs to adjust settings),and the speaker is an effector (it ultimately produces the sound).
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Chapter 2: Atoms,Ions,and Molecules
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Hydrophobic exclusion" refers to the chemical interactions that prevent nonpolar molecules from dissolving in water.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) When the pH of an acidic solution is brought to 7.0,that change is called
Answer: neutralization
Q3) To neutralize a base,a(n)________ must be added.
A)acid
B)buffer
C)weak base
D)hydroxide ion
Answer: A
Q4) Molarity is measured in the units of moles solute/L solution.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) Anything that has mass and occupies space is considered to be ________.
Answer: matter
4
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Chapter 3: Energy,Chemical Reactions,and Cellular
Respiration
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order for a reaction to occur,energy is needed to break the bonds that already exist in the reactant molecules;that energy is called the _________ energy.
Answer: activation
Q2) Organic cofactors are referred to as _________.
Answer: coenzymes
Q3) Which answer lists the steps of enzyme action in correct order
A)Formation of enzyme-substrate complex,induced fit,formation or breakage of chemical bonds,release of product
B)Induced fit,formation of enzyme-substrate complex,formation or breakage of chemical bonds,release of product
C)Formation or breakage of chemical bonds,induced fit,formation of enzyme-substrate complex,release of substrate
D)Induced fit,formation or breakage of chemical bonds,formation of enzyme-substrate complex,release of product
Answer: A
Q4) The reaction by which lactate is formed from pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate
Answer: dehydrogenase
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Biology of the Cell
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is an active transport process
A)Simple diffusion
B)Bulk filtration
C)Osmosis
D)Facilitated diffusion
E)Ion pump
Q2) Which are the smallest components of the cytoskeleton
A)Microtubules
B)Microfilaments
C)Intermediate filaments
D)Centrosomes
E)Centrioles
Q3) The centrosome is considered to be an inclusion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The technical term for "cellular drinking" is _______________.
Q5) DNA directs the synthesis of proteins,including enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of several important molecules.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Tissue Organization
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glial cells transmit impulses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are
A)macrophages and mast cells.
B)neurons and chondrocytes.
C)mast cells and fibrocytes.
D)neurons and mast cells.
E)neurons and glial cells.
Q3) Dendrites
A)transmit signals away from the cell body.
B)transmit signals toward the cell body.
C)manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron.
D)use hormones to transmit information.
E)release neurotransmitter.
Q4) An organ is made up of only one tissue type;for example,the heart is made of cardiac muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Intercalated discs are made up of gap junctions and __________.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Integumentary System
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which number indicates the hair papilla
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5
Q2) The stratum _______ is found only in thick skin,such as the skin covering the palms and soles.
Q3) The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of
A)adipose tissue.
B)reticular connective tissue.
C)dense irregular connective tissue.
D)nervous tissue.
E)elastic connective tissue.
Q4) Keratinocytes are
A)the most abundant cell type in the epidermis.
B)found throughout all epidermal strata.
C)sometimes alive and sometimes dead,depending on where they are found.
D)able to synthesize the protein keratin.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calcitonin _________ osteoclast activity,which will _________ blood calcium levels.
A)stimulates;increase
B)stimulates;decrease
C)inhibits;increase D)inhibits;decrease
Q2) Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs
A)Hyaline cartilage
B)Fibrocartilage
C)Reticular cartilage
D)Articular cartilage
E)Elastic cartilage
Q3) The type of bone tissue that is replaced more frequently is ________ bone;the part of the femur that is replaced more frequently is the __________.
A)compact;distal epiphysis
B)compact;diaphysis
C)spongy;distal epiphysis
D)spongy;diaphysis
Q4) Chondrocytes occupy spaces in the matrix called _________.
Q5) The spongy bone found within a flat bone is called _________.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular
Skeleton
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This figure shows the bones of the ankle and foot.What view is shown
A)Inferior view of left ankle and foot
B)Superior view of left ankle and foot
C)Superior view of right ankle and foot
D)Ventral view of right ankle and foot
E)Lateral view of right ankle and foot
Q2) What is the inner,gelatinous region of each intervertebral disc called
A)Annulus fibrosus
B)Nucleus pulposus
C)Lamella
D)Chondral ring
E)Articular ring
Q3) Which is not a correct pairing of a bone and its common name
A)Clavicle - collar bone
B)Patella - knee cap
C)Scapula - shoulder blade
D)Talus - heel
E)Tibia - shin
Q4) The radius and ulna exhibit ______________ borders that are connected to each other by dense regular connective tissue.
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Chapter 9: Skeletal System: Articulations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moderate exercise improves the health of joints by increasing the flow of synovial fluid in and out of the articular cartilage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a heavy load is at one end of a lever,the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the
A)effort arm.
B)resistance arm.
C)lever length.
Q3) Which is not a cartilaginous joint
A)First costochondral joint
B)Intervertebral joint
C)Second costochondral joint
D)First sternocostal joint
E)Second sternocostal joint
Q4) Sutures permit skull growth during childhood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A slightly mobile joint is referred to as a(n)_________.
Q6) A common knee injury is a torn ACL,which stands for anterior ________ ligament.
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Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____________ is the connective tissue covering of a fascicle.
Q2) Energy requirements for smooth muscle contractions are generally higher than those for skeletal muscle contractions.
A)True B)False
Q3) Each skeletal muscle is composed of _____________,which are bundles of muscle fibers.
Q4) A subthreshold stimulus evokes only a small muscle twitch instead of a full tetanic contraction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) This sarcomere depicts relaxed muscle.Which number identifies the M line A)1
B)3
C)4 D)5
Q6) The _____________ is the innermost connective tissue layer that surrounds each muscle fiber.
Q7) A circular muscle band that contracts at an orifice is also known as a
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Chapter 11: Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular
Muscles
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not one of the rotator cuff muscles
A)Teres major
B)Teres minor
C)Supraspinatus
D)Infraspinatus
E)Subscapularis
Q2) This figure shows a lateral view of the right leg.What muscle is indicated by the number 1
A)Tibialis anterior
B)Gastrocnemius
C)Soleus
D)Fibularis longus
E)Fibularis tertius
Q3) This figure shows the muscles of respiration.What muscles are indicated by number 1
A)External intercostals
B)Internal intercostals
C)Scalenes
D)Diaphragm
E)Transversus thoracis
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Chapter 12: Nervous System: Nervous Tissue
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An action potential involves a temporary reversal of polarity across the plasma membrane (that is,the inside of the axon becomes relatively positive compared to the interstitial fluid).
A)True
B)False
Q2) The main way acetylcholine is cleared from a synapse is by
A)degradation by an enzyme.
B)uptake by the postsynaptic cell.
C)reuptake by the presynaptic cell.
D)being engulfed by a supporting glial cell.
Q3) When a neuromodulator slows the reuptake of a neurotransmitter or causes expression of an increased number of receptors on postsynaptic neurons,the effect is called A)facilitation.
B)temporal summation.
C)spatial summation.
D)presynaptic potentiation.
E)recruitment.
Q4) The axon hillock makes up the ________ segment of a neuron.
Q5) Along an axon,the gaps between neurolemmocytes are called neurofibril
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Chapter 13: Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inferior cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the midbrain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A memory that has lasted over a weekend is described as a
A)short-term memory.
B)long-term memory.
Q3) The cranial nerve responsible for movement of the medial rectus,superior rectus,inferior rectus,and inferior oblique muscles is the __________ nerve.
A)oculomotor
B)trochlear
C)abducens
D)trigeminal
E)hypoglossal
Q4) Most of the gyri and sulci of the human brain develop very early in the fetal period.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Cerebrospinal fluid is identical to blood plasma.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two of the nerves of the lumbar plexus are the
A)femoral and sciatic nerves.
B)femoral and obturator nerves.
C)obturator and pudendal nerves.
D)pudendal and sciatic nerves.
Q2) The adult spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the vertebral canal and ends at the level of the _____ vertebra.
A)S4
B)L1
C)L6
D)S1
E)T8
Q3) The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n)_____ reflex.
A)ipsilateral
B)contralateral
C)monosynaptic
D)crossed-extensor
E)multisynaptic
Q4) A specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve is a ___________.
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Chapter 15: Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which system contains short preganglionic axons that branch extensively
A)Parasympathetic nervous system
B)Somatic nervous system
C)Sympathetic nervous system
Q2) The superior mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the _______ segments of the spinal cord.
A)T1-T4
B)T2-T6
C)T5-T9
D)T7-T9
E)T10-T12
Q3) The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.
A)True
B)False
Q4) "Rest and digest," as well as the maintenance of homeostasis,is associated with the action of the _________ division of the ANS.
Q5) In the parasympathetic division,_________ ganglia are located in the wall of the target organ.
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Chapter 16: Nervous System: Senses
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145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bending of light as it passes through to different media (such as glass vs.water)is referred to as ___________.
Q2) There are three types of unencapsulated tactile receptors.Select the exception.
A)Free nerve endings
B)Sebaceous filaments
C)Root hair plexuses
D)Tactile discs
Q3) A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm.This pain is known as A)referred pain.
B)phantom pain.
C)selected pain.
D)covert pain.
E)masked pain.
Q4) In this illustration of the inner ear,what structure does the number 1 indicate
A)Utricle
B)Saccule
C)Membranous labyrinth
D)Round window
E)Oval window
18
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Chapter 17: Endocrine System
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121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When eicosanoids bring about cellular changes within the cell from which they were formed,the process is called _________ stimulation.
Q2) Endocrine glands
A)are ductless glands.
B)are the organs of the endocrine system.
C)secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
D)help maintain homeostasis.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q3) Until thyroid hormone needs to be secreted,precursors to it are stored in a viscous,protein-rich fluid within the center of thyroid follicles.This viscous fluid is known as _________.
Q4) Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones.The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain unchanged.
Q5) The liver contains endocrine cells.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Cardiovascular System: Blood
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oxygen-poor blood is _________ in color.
A)bright red
B)dark red
C)light blue
D)dark blue
Q2) To compensate for significant blood loss,the autonomic nervous system triggers
A)vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate.
B)vasoconstriction and a decrease in heart rate.
C)vasodilation and an increase in heart rate.
D)vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate.
Q3) How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)16
Q4) Natural killer cells derive from T-lymphoblasts and monocytes derive from the granulocyte line.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Cardiovascular System: Heart
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) SA nodal cells are autorhythmic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cardiac output is usually expressed in
A)beats per minute.
B)mL per beat.
C)mm Hg.
D)liters per minute.
Q3) Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped
A)by a single ventricle in one hour.
B)by a single ventricle in one minute.
C)by both ventricles in one hour.
D)by both ventricles in one minute.
E)by the left ventricle into the aorta in one beat.
Q4) The posterior interventricular sulcus
A)is another name for the coronary sulcus.
B)contains the great cardiac vein and coronary sinus.
C)is a groove between the ventricles on the back of the heart.
D)is a valve in the interventricular septum that closes at birth.
Q5) The _______________ cardiac vein travels alongside the right marginal artery.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the common hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A vasodilator causes a decrease in local blood flow at a capillary bed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the figure showing an anterior view of the veins,number 4 indicates the A)left common iliac vein.
B)left cephalic vein.
C)left basilic vein.
D)left brachiocephalic vein.
E)left internal jugular vein.
Q4) The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____ arteries.
A)axillary;subclavian
B)radial;ulnar
C)radial;brachial
D)ulnar;brachial
E)axillary;brachial
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Chapter 21: Lymphatic System
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84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which fluid does lymph most closely resemble
A)Whole blood
B)Blood plasma
C)Interstitial fluid
D)Intracellular fluid
Q2) Lymph nodes
A)filter lymph.
B)contain a dense network of collagen fibers.
C)serve as auxiliary exchange surfaces for respiratory gases.
D)produce red blood cells.
E)serve as the main recycling centers for red blood cells and their parts.
Q3) The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The letter "T" within "T-lymphocytes" stands for the _________.or
Q5) In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located
A)Left upper quadrant
B)Right upper quadrant
C)Left lower quadrant
D)Right lower quadrant
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Chapter 22: Immune System and the Bodys Defense
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123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Activation of lymphocytes occurs in
A)primary lymphatic structures.
B)secondary lymphatic structures.
C)tertiary lymphatic structures.
D)effectors such as muscles and glands.
Q2) Plasma cells have a life span of about _________,which is mainly spent in the _________.
A)5 days;blood
B)5 days;lymph nodes
C)130 days;blood
D)130 days;lymph nodes
Q3) Which type of cell attacks a variety of unwanted cells and causes those cells to undergo apoptosis
A)Natural killer cells
B)Basophils
C)Neutrophils
D)Eosinophils
E)Macrophages
Q4) The concentration of a particular antibody within the blood is referred to as the antibody ________.
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Chapter 23: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pulmonary plexus is a weblike network of nerve fibers that surrounds the primary bronchi and enters the lungs at the hilum.It consists of both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In this closeup image of a lung,what structure does number 2 indicate
A)Respiratory bronchiole
B)Alveolar duct
C)Alveolus
D)Terminal bronchiole
E)Bronchiole
Q3) Which region(s)of the pharynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
A)Oropharynx
B)Nasopharynx
C)Laryngopharynx
D)Oropharynx and nasopharynx
E)Oropharynx,nasopharynx,and laryngopharynx
Q4) The amount of air left in the lungs even after the most forceful expiration is referred to as the _________ volume.
Page 25
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Chapter 24: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Autonomic innervation of the kidney includes
A)Cranial Nerve V and sympathetic nerves from T1-T2.
B)Cranial Nerve V and sympathetic nerves from T10-T12.
C)Cranial Nerve X and sympathetic nerves from T1-T2.
D)Cranial Nerve X and sympathetic nerves from T10-T12.
Q2) As blood flows through the vasa recta alongside the ascending limb of the nephron loop,the blood is flowing
A)toward the cortex.
B)deep into the medulla.
Q3) Which accurately describes the handling of urea by the kidney
A)All of the urea that reaches the kidney is excreted in the urine.
B)About half of the urea that is filtered is excreted in the urine.
C)None of the urea that reaches the kidney is excreted in the urine.
Q4) Dehydration results in
A)increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.
B)increased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption.
C)decreased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.
D)decreased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption.
Q5) The ball of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the ________________.
Q6) The concave medial border of the kidney is called the __________.
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Chapter 25: Fluid and Electrolytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) ANP causes an increase in the loss of sodium and water through urine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To account for their effects on osmotic pressure,the concentration of electrolytes is often expressed in A)moles.
B)moieties.
C)milliequivalents per liter.
D)moles per liter.
E)milliliters.
Q3) Diabetes mellitus,profuse sweating,and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to A)volume excess.
B)dehydration.
C)hypotonic plasma.
D)overhydration.
Q4) Which of the following does not turn off the thirst center of the brain
A)Decreased blood osmolarity
B)Entry of fluid in the stomach
C)Decreased salivary secretions
D)Increased blood pressure
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Chapter 26: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sphincter is a
A)thickening of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis that propels materials through the GI tract.
B)thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract.
C)fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients.
D)circle of adventitia that anchors the GI tract to neighboring structures.
Q2) This figure shows the stomach.What mesentery is attached to the region indicated by number 6
A)Falciform ligament
B)Mesentery proper
C)Gastric ligament
D)Greater omentum
E)Lesser omentum
Q3) The enzyme pepsin becomes active when pH is A)high.
B)low.
Q4) The process of swallowing is also called _____________.
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Chapter 27: Nutrition and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Removal of the amine group from amino acids is a process that occurs in the liver known as ___________.
Q2) Imagine that you were asked to provide advice to a young adolescent about how to engage in healthy eating.The adolescent doesn't know much about nutrition,but likes to browse the Internet.What suggestions might you give for that young person for online learning and careful choices in the supermarket
Q3) Core body temperature is the
A)average temperature across all portions of the body.
B)average body temperature across all hours of the day.
C)temperature of the head and torso.
D)temperature recorded at the center of the long bones of the limbs.
Q4) Vitamin _____ is crucial for the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.Therefore,a deficiency in this vitamin may result in rickets and other bone abnormalities.
Q5) Citrus fruit is a good source of fat-soluble vitamins.
A)True
B)False
Q6) _______ include organic molecules,vitamins,and minerals that the body needs for growth and maintenance.
Page 29
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Chapter 28: Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lateral margin of the uterine tube,which bears the fimbriae,is called the A)ampulla.
B)fornix.
C)isthmus.
D)infundibulum.
E)uterine part.
Q2) Human somatic cells contain only one pair of A)chromosomes. B)autosomes.
C)homologous chromosomes.
D)sex chromosomes.
Q3) Ovulation occurs when an oocyte is released from a ruptured _____ follicle.
A)secondary B)primary C)mature
D)primordial
E)oogonial
Q4) The _______________ cells support,nourish,and protect developing sperm cells.
Q5) The most primitive type of ovarian follicle is a _____________ follicle.
Q6) During fetal development,the vagina forms from the _________ sinus.
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Chapter 29: Development,Pregnancy,and Heredity
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127 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) True labor contractions increase with frequency over time,and pain from such contractions does not change in response to movement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the main functions of the placenta.
Q3) After childbirth,lochia lasts for
A)3-4 days.
B)2-3 weeks.
C)3-5 months.
Q4) The germ layer between the ectoderm and the endoderm is the __________.
Q5) Which structure develops directly into a bilaminar germinal disc
A)Trophoblast
B)Embryoblast
C)Morula
D)Cytotrophoblast
Q6) In the late stages of pregnancy,estrogen stimulates increased
A)release of hCG.
B)secretion of atrial natriuretic factor by the heart.
C)growth of the corpus luteum.
D)production of oxytocin receptors in the uterus.
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