Course Introduction
Physical Science
Final Exam
Physical Science is an interdisciplinary course that explores the fundamental concepts and principles of physics and chemistry, providing a comprehensive understanding of the physical world. Students examine topics such as matter and its properties, forces and motion, energy transformations, atomic and molecular structure, and chemical reactions. Emphasizing scientific inquiry and problem-solving, the course integrates both theoretical knowledge and hands-on laboratory activities, fostering critical thinking skills and an appreciation for the role of physical science in everyday life and technological advancement.
Recommended Textbook
Conceptual Physics 12th Edition by Paul G. Hewitt
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37 Chapters
2874 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: About Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) The scientific method is most effective in
A)making hypotheses.
B)gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.
C)discovering new things.
D)making theories.
E)performing experiments.
Answer: B
Q2) A theory in the field of science is
A)an educated guess.
B)less than a fact.
C)a synthesis of a large body of well-tested knowledge.
D)unchangeable.
Answer: C
Q3) Spots of sunlight on the ground cast through openings between leaves in trees above are actually
A)images of the Sun.
B)part of a solar eclipse.
C)due to refraction of sunlight.
D)all of the above
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Newtons First Law of Motion: Inertia
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Sample Questions
Q1) A roller-coaster ride with 6 passengers takes 3 minutes. Neglecting friction, a similar ride with 12 passengers aboard would take
A)1)5 minutes.
B)3 minutes.
C)6 minutes.
D)18 minutes.
Answer: B
Q2) While you are standing in the aisle of a bus, the driver suddenly makes a left turn. You lurch to the right due to A)an unbalanced force.
B)your tendency to keep moving forward.
C)an equilibrium challenge.
Answer: B
Q3) When no forces act on moving objects their paths are normally A)straight lines.
B)circles.
C)ellipses.
D)all of the above
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Linear Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The time it takes a car to attain a speed of 30 m/s when accelerating from rest at 2 m/s<sup>2</sup> is
A)2 s.
B)15 s.
C)30 s.
D)60 s.
E)none of the above
Answer: B
Q2) A car's speed 3 seconds after accelerating from rest at 2 m/s<sup>2</sup> is
A)2 m/s.
B)3 m/s.
C)4 m/s.
D)6 m/s.
Answer: D
Q3) The accelerations possible for a ball on an inclined plane
A)range from zero to g.
B)range from g to infinity.
C)have no limit.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Newtons Second Law of Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to a state of zero acceleration first?
A)The light woman
B)The heavy man
C)Both should arrive at the same time.
D)not enough information
Q2) If an apple experiences a constant net force, it will have a constant A)velocity.
B)speed.
C)acceleration.
D)position.
E)more than one of the above
Q3) When the bottom string is pulled slowly in the heavy-ball-and-strings demonstration (Figure 4.8 in your book), tension
A)in the top string is due to your pull plus the weight of the ball.
B)is about the same in both strings.
C)in the bottom string is zero.
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6
Chapter 5: Newtons Third Law of Motion: Action and Reaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) An archer shoots an arrow. Consider the action force to be the bowstring against the arrow. The reaction to this force is the
A)combined weight of the arrow and bowstring.
B)friction of the ground against the archer's feet.
C)grip of the archer's hand on the bow.
D)arrow's push against the bowstring.
Q2) As the sloped surface supporting a shoe becomes steeper
A)the shoe's weight mg remains unchanged.
B)the normal force becomes less.
C)friction needed to keep it at rest increases.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) A piece of rope is pulled by two people in a tug-of-war. Each exerts a 400-N force. What is the tension in the rope?
A)zero
B)400 N
C)600 N
D)800 N
E)none of the above
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Momentum
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Sample Questions
Q1) A softer landing occurs when an falling object bounces from a surface
A)in a extended time.
B)quickly.
C)either of these
D)neither of these
Q2) You're driving down the highway and a bug spatters into your windshield. Which undergoes the greater change in momentum during the time of contact?
A)the bug
B)your car
C)both the same
Q3) A cannon recoils while firing a cannonball. The speed of the cannon's recoil is relatively small because the
A)force against the cannon is smaller than against the ball.
B)momentum is mainly concentrated in the cannonball.
C)cannon has much more mass than the cannonball.
D)momentum of the cannon is smaller.
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Chapter 7: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hydro and wind power are indirect forms of A)solar energy.
B)fossil fuels deep down.
C)nuclear energy in Earth's interior.
D)none of the above
Q2) A primary difference between momentum and kinetic energy is A)momenta can cancel; kinetic energy cannot.
B)kinetic energy can cancel; momenta cannot.
C)either of the above depending on circumstances
D)none of the above
Q3) A block of ice sliding down an incline has half its maximum kinetic energy A)at the top.
B)at the bottom.
C)halfway down.
D)need more information
Q4) Strictly speaking, more fuel is consumed by your car if the air conditioner, headlights, or even a radio is turned on. This statement is A)false.
B)true only if the car's engine is running. C)true.
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Chapter 8: Rotational Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stand a meterstick on its end and let it rotate to the floor. If you attach a heavy glob of clay to its upper end and repeat, the time to fall will be A)shorter.
B)longer.
C)the same.
Q2) A ball that gains speed as it rolls down a hill experiences a A)net torque.
B)net force.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) Horses with the greatest linear speed on a merry-go-round are located A)near the center.
B)near the outside.
C)anywhere, because they all move at the same speed.
Q4) When a train makes a curve, a tapered wheel rim is able to A)cover different distances per revolution.
B)maintain a fixed rotational speed.
C)reduce differences in angular speeds.
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10
Chapter 9: Gravity
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the distance between two stars decreases by one-third, the force between them
A)decreases by one-third.
B)decreases by one-half.
C)increases to twice as much.
D)increases to nine times as much.
E)none of the above
Q2) Inside a freely-falling elevator, you would have no A)gravitational force on you.
B)weight.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) In comparison with other fundamental forces, the universal gravitational constant G indicates that gravity is A)very weak.
B)strong.
C)very strong.
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11
Chapter 10: Projectile and Satellite Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) As soon as a bowling ball rolls off the edge of a table its horizontal component of velocity
A)decreases.
B)remains constant.
C)increases.
Q2) From Earth, one satellite appears to overtake another. The faster satellite is A)higher.
B)lower.
C)smaller.
D)can't say
Q3) The conservation of energy applies to satellites in A)circular orbit.
B)elliptical orbit.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) Project a cannonball from atop Newton's hypothetical mountain at 8 km/s and it orbits Earth. Project it at 9 km/s and the shape of the orbit is A)a somewhat larger circle.
B)a wide parabola.
C)an ellipse.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Atomic Nature of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following elements has the most mass?
A)hydrogen
B)iron
C)lead
D)uranium
E)all have the same mass
Q2) If a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal kinetic energies, which has the greater average speed?
A)nitrogen
B)oxygen
C)both the same
D)need more information
Q3) Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by A)photosynthesis.
B)thermonuclear fusion.
C)radiant energy conversion.
D)radioactivity.
E)none of the above
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13
Chapter 12: Solids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lillian sees a chair at the Exploratorium that has been scaled up by three. In attempting to lift it, she finds the chair is
A)three times as heavy.
B)six times as heavy.
C)nine times as heavy.
D)more than nine times as heavy.
Q2) A dome-shaped house is more heat efficient than a rectangular house because a dome has
A)no corners to radiate.
B)less interior space.
C)less area compared to its volume.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) A solid glass ball weighs 1 N. One with twice the diameter weighs
A)1 N.
B)2 N.
C)3 N.
D)4 N.
E)more than 4 N.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Liquids
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you float in fresh water, the buoyant force that acts on you is equal to your weight. When you float higher in the denser water of the Dead Sea, the buoyant force that acts on you is
A)greater than your weight.
B)less than your weight.
C)equal to your weight.
Q2) When a large floating ice cube with unfrozen water inside melts, the water level in its container
A)goes down.
B)remains unchanged.
C)goes up.
Q3) Two life preservers have identical volumes, but one is filled with Styrofoam while the other is filled with sand. When the two life preservers are fully submerged, the buoyant force is greater on the one filled with A)Styrofoam.
B)sand.
C)same on each as long as their volumes are the same
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Chapter 14: Gases and Plasmas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Release a ball inside a freely falling elevator and it falls directly in front of you instead of "falling to the floor," because you, ball, elevator, and enclosed air are in free fall. If you do the same with a helium-filled balloon, the balloon will A)also remain in front of you.
B)press against the ceiling.
C)press against the floor.
D)slowly rise.
E)slowly fall.
Q2) The Bernoulli effect causes passing ships to be drawn together when the ships are close and moving in A)the same direction.
B)opposite directions.
C)either of these
Q3) At normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, 1 cubic meter of air has a mass of about
A)1.00 kg.
B)1.25 kg.
C)2.00 kg.
D)2.25 kg.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Temperature, Heat, and Expansion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heat energy is measured in units of A)joules.
B)calories.
C)both of these D)neither of these
Q2) Translational motion is characterized by A)motion that carries a molecule from one place to another.
B)the motion used in measuring temperature.
C)both of these D)neither of these
Q3) When ice water at 0°C is heated
A)thermal expansion occurs.
B)thermal contraction occurs.
C)both occur until 4°C is reached
Q4) If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, a watermelon in a picnic cooler would cool in a A)shorter time.
B)longer time.
C)the same time anyway.
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Chapter 16: Heat Transfer
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Sample Questions
Q1) An apple pie will be a net emitter of energy when its temperature is
A)higher than its surroundings.
B)lower than its surroundings.
C)none of these
Q2) When you're ready for the hottest sips of coffee, add cream
A)right away.
B)at any time.
C)when you are ready to drink the coffee.
Q3) Steam that issues from a pressure cooker
A)is invisible.
B)cools as it expands.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) The higher the temperature of an object, the
A)longer the wavelengths it radiates.
B)shorter the wavelengths it radiates.
C)makes no difference in the wavelengths it radiates
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18
Chapter 17: Change of Phase
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melting snow tends to A)warm the surrounding air.
B)cool the surrounding air.
C)neither of these
Q2) The cooling effect inside a refrigerator is produced by
A)an electric motor that converts electrical energy to internal energy.
B)compressing the refrigeration gas.
C)vaporizing the refrigeration liquid.
D)proper insulation.
E)exchanging warmer air with colder air.
Q3) The toy drinking bird nicely illustrates A)evaporation.
B)condensation.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) During snow fall, the surrounding air is A)cooled.
B)warmed.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
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Chapter 18: Thermodynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Philadelphia's temperature is 40°F and Miami's temperature is 80°F, A)Miami is twice as hot as Philadelphia.
B)Miami is warmer than Philadelphia.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q2) Processes can proceed from disorder to order A)when input energy is supplied.
B)on an everyday occurrence.
C)never.
D)none of the above
Q3) Water freezes at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of A)0 degrees Celsius.
B)32 degrees Fahrenheit.
C)about 273 kelvin.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q4) A quantity of water has more entropy when it is A)frozen ice.
B)boiling.
C)at room temperature.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Vibrations and Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) All waves have in common a A)pattern.
B)vibrating source.
C)variable regions of high and low pressure.
D)none of the above
Q2) A wiggle in both space and time is a A)vibration.
B)wave.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) The distance traveled by a wave during a single period is A)one-half wavelength.
B)one wavelength.
C)two wavelengths.
D)none of the above
Q4) The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move A)along the direction of wave travel.
B)at right angles to the direction of wave travel.
C)that changes with speed.
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Chapter 20: Sound
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Sample Questions
Q1) Knowing that the atomic number of neon is greater than that of helium, at the same temperature and pressure, how does the speed of sound in helium gas compare to the speed of sound in neon gas?
A)greater in neon than in helium
B)greater in helium than in neon
C)the same in both gases
D)depends on the frequency of the sound generated
Q2) Sound will be louder if a struck tuning fork is held A)in the air.
B)with its base against a tabletop.
C)with its prongs in shallow water.
D)in your closed fist.
Q3) Refraction of sound can occur in A)air.
B)water.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
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22
Chapter 21: Musical Sounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) As we become older, the frequency range of human hearing
A)decreases.
B)increases.
C)remains relatively constant.
Q2) The number of nodes in a standing wave of three wavelengths, not including the endpoints, is
A)2.
B)3.
C)4.
D)5.
E)6.
Q3) How many octaves exist between 100 hertz and 1600 hertz?
A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7
E)8
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Electrostatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The electrical force on a 2-C charge is 60 N. The electric field where the charge is located is
A)20 N/C.
B)30 N/C.
C)60 N/C.
D)120 N/C.
E)240 N/C.
Q2) Particle A has twice the charge of nearby particle B. Compared to the force on Particle A, the force on Particle B is
A)half as much.
B)the same.
C)twice as much.
D)four times as much.
E)none of the above
Q3) In an electrically neutral atom the number of protons in the nucleus is equal to the number of
A)electrons that surround the nucleus.
B)neutrons in the nucleus.
C)both electrons and neutrons.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 23: Electric Current
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a circuit powered by a battery, charge
A)flows through the battery.
B)is energized by the battery.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q2) The equivalent (combined)resistance of 1-ohm, 2-ohm, and 3-ohm in series is about
A)1 ohm
B)1.8 ohms.
C)6 ohms.
D)9 ohms.
Q3) The electric field established by a generator in an ac circuit
A)increases via the inverse-square law.
B)changes magnitude and direction with time.
C)acts in one direction.
D)is non-existent.
E)none of the above
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Chapter 24: Magnetism
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Sample Questions
Q1) When current reverses direction in a wire, the surrounding magnetic field
A)also reverses direction.
B)becomes momentarily stronger.
C)contracts.
D)expands.
Q2) Cosmic rays penetrate your body when
A)safely in your home.
B)outdoors.
C)in mountainous regions.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) A beam of electrons passing through a magnetic field experiences maximum deflection if the direction of the beam is
A)parallel to the field lines.
B)perpendicular to the field lines.
C)none of these
Q4) Earth's magnetic field is
A)something we've learned to live with.
B)useful to pigeons but not to humans.
C)protective to life on Earth.
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Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Induction
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Sample Questions
Q1) When voltage is stepped up in a transformer, current is stepped down. But Ohm's law tells us that greater voltage means greater current, not less current. How then can current be lower when voltage is increased?
A)Current in the secondary is lower when compared to the greater current drawn by the primary.
B)Ohm's law applies to the circuit connected to the secondary, not to the transformer. C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q2) When a bar magnet is thrust into a coil of copper wire, the coil tends to A)attract the magnet as it enters.
B)repel the magnet as it enters.
C)both of these D)neither of these
Q3) If you drop a bar magnet in a vertical copper pipe it will fall slowly because A)of air resistance.
B)it induces a magnetic field in the pipe that resists motion of the magnet. C)the copper is a good conductor of both electricity and magnetism. D)of electron repulsion.
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Chapter 26: Properties of Light
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cannot travel in a vacuum?
A)a light wave
B)a sound wave
C)a radio wave
D)all can
E)none can
Q2) Your friend says that any radio wave travels appreciably faster than any sound wave.
A)agree with your friend unconditionally
B)agree with your friend for most common cases
C)disagree with your friend
D)find a new friend
Q3) When visible light is incident upon clear glass, atoms in the glass
A)are forced into vibration.
B)resonate.
C)convert the light energy into internal energy.
Q4) A total solar eclipse occurs for people in the Sun's
A)umbra.
B)penumbra.
C)none of these
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Chapter 27: Color
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Sample Questions
Q1) What characteristic of light mostly relates to color?
A)frequency
B)amplitude
C)both of these
Q2) Different colors of light correspond to different light
A)velocities.
B)intensities.
C)polarities.
D)frequencies.
E)none of the above
Q3) The solar radiation curve is
A)a dent in the spherical Sun.
B)the path of the Sun as it circles Earth.
C)a plot of Sun's brightness versus frequency of emission.
D)a plot of sunlight colors versus their frequencies.
E)a plot of light intensity versus temperature of the Sun.
Q4) Which interacts more with high-frequency sounds?
A)large bells
B)small bells
C)both the same
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Chapter 28: Reflection and Refraction
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Q1) If the speed of light in a sphere is 2 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s, its index of refraction is
A)0.50.
B)0.67.
C)1.0.
D)1.5.
E)2.0.
Q2) When light is refracted, there is a change in its A)frequency.
B)wavelength.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) Which of the following can be projected onto a viewing screen?
A)a real image
B)a virtual image
C)both of these
D)neither of these
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Chapter 29: Light Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) The glare seen from water is largely A)horizontally polarized.
B)vertically polarized. C)unpolarized.
Q2) A hologram is simply a A)complex diffraction grating.
B)thin sheet of non-cubic transparent crystals.
C)pair of semi-crossed polarization filters.
D)thin photographic film with microscopic images over the entire surface.
E)none of the above
Q3) A thin film appears cyan when illuminated with white light. The color being cancelled by destructive interference is A)red.
B)green.
C)white.
D)blue.
E)none of the above
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Chapter 30: Light Emission
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Sample Questions
Q1) A radio wave and a visible light wave differ only in A)frequency.
B)energy per photon.
C)both of these
D)none of these
Q2) An excited atom is an atom
A)with excess vibration.
B)with one or more displaced electrons.
C)with more protons than electrons.
D)that is frantic.
Q3) If a certain object emits visible waves rather than infrared waves its temperature is A)higher.
B)lower.
C)the same, temperature doesn't make any difference.
Q4) Neon atoms in a glass tube can be excited
A)once per atom.
B)repeatedly.
C)by infrared light.
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Chapter 31: Light Quanta
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Q1) Applying E = hf to photon emission from an atom, the symbol E represents the energy A)of the emitted photon.
B)difference between atomic energy levels producing the photon.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q2) By casually glancing at a scene on your TV you are A)affecting the image.
B)participating in the action on the screen.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) According to the principle of complementarity, wavelike and particle-like properties of light
A)only slightly contradict each other.
B)very much contradict each other.
C)make up a wholeness that better describes nature.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 32: The Atom and the Quantum
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rule stating that the sum of two emitted frequencies in an atomic spectrum equals a third frequency is consistent with A)momentum conservation.
B)energy conservation.
C)Planck's constant.
D)none of the above
Q2) The finding that electrons in an atom occupy a volume much greater than the volume of the nucleus is best explained by
A)electromagnetic forces.
B)angular momentum conservation.
C)relative sizes of electrons and nuclei.
D)the wave nature of the electron.
E)none of the above
Q3) According to de Broglie, destructive interference occurs when an orbiting wave
A)reinforces itself
B)doesn't reinforce itself.
C)neither of these
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Chapter 33: Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cosmic rays originate in the A)Earth's interior.
B)Earth's upper atmosphere.
C)Sun.
D)cosmos.
E)none of the above
Q2) The mass of an atomic nucleon is nearly
A)twice that of an electron.
B)four times that of an electron.
C)a thousand times that of an electron.
D)two thousand times that of an electron.
Q3) Radiation dosages based on potential damage is in A)rads.
B)rems.
C)joules.
D)none of the above
Q4) When the nucleus of an atom emits a beta particle, the atom's atomic number A)decreases.
B)remains unchanged.
C)increases.
Page 35
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Chapter 34: Nuclear Fission and Fusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fissioning a lead nucleus would yield a net
A)absorption of energy.
B)release of energy.
C)neither of these
Q2) If all the uranium in the world were exhausted, breeder reactors would be
A)in greater demand.
B)relics of a brief age.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) Which will leak more neutrons?
A)two separate lumps of uranium.
B)the same two lumps stuck together.
C)both the same
Q4) Plutonium is radioactively toxic
A)in any form.
B)although less toxic than radium.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
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Chapter 35: Special Theory of Relativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to special relativity, tomorrow's travelers can travel A)only forward in time.
B)backward in time.
C)both forward and backward in time.
Q2) Suppose you and your sister travel at different speeds in space and you note a slowing of her clock. Compared with her clock your sister will notice that your clock runs A)faster.
B)slower.
C)the same.
D)need more information
Q3) When we apply the Lorentz factor to momentum, we A)multiply by as with the equation for time dilation.
B)multiply by the reciprocal of .
C)find it does not apply.
Q4) Objects moving at relativistic speeds appear to observers at rest to be A)stretched.
B)shrunken.
C)either depending on direction of motion.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 36: General Theory of Relativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) In accord with general relativity, a person living at the top of a skyscraper ages
A)faster than a person on the ground floor.
B)slower than a person on the ground floor.
C)at the same rate as a person on any floor.
Q2) In gravitational red shift, the quantity that undergoes a red shift is A)spacetime curvature.
B)wave direction.
C)field intensity.
D)wave frequency.
E)none of the above
Q3) A profound message from all of science is that we are a part of nature
A)that stands above other life forms.
B)and have the ability to conquer it.
C)that is becoming more and more conscious of itself.
Q4) If the Sun collapsed to a black hole, Earth would
A)be sucked into the black hole.
B)follow a straight-line path into space.
C)continue in its present orbit.
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Chapter 37: Systems of Measurement
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Sample Questions
Q1) If all potatoes are selling at the same price per kilogram, a housewife who plans to peel the potatoes would get more potato for her money if she bought A)small potatoes.
B)medium potatoes.
C)large potatoes.
D)no difference.
This is because she
E)would get more potatoes per kilogram.
F)would get less potatoes per kilogram.
G)would get less peelings because of less surface area per pound.
H)buys weight, so any size per kilogram gives the same mass of potatoes.
Q2) When heavy elements such as uranium undergo fission, there is an accompanying A)loss of mass, B)gain of mass,
C)no change in mass,
And when light elements such as hydrogen undergo fusion, there is an accompanying D)loss of mass.
E)gain of mass.
F)no change in mass.
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