Physical Geography
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Physical Geography explores the natural features and processes of the Earths surface, focusing on landforms, climate, vegetation, soils, and water systems. This course examines the interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, providing an understanding of the physical environment and its role in shaping landscapes. Students will learn to analyze the impacts of natural forces such as weathering, erosion, volcanic activity, and glaciation, as well as how these processes affect human activities and ecosystems. Through lectures, field studies, and practical exercises, students develop skills in spatial analysis, map interpretation, and environmental problem-solving.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Geography 14th Edition by Arthur Getis
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13 Chapters
971 Verified Questions
971 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of a formal region is
A)the hub and spoke network for a particular airline.
B)100,000 square kilometers.
C)Dixie.
D)the area of France where the Breton language is spoken.
Answer: D
Q2) Geography is BEST described as
A)the location of countries,state and national capitals,major rivers,and continents.
B)the study of the origin and behavior of humans and the development of societies and cultures.
C)the study of how and why human and physical attributes vary from place to place on the surface of the earth.
D)the study of the choices made by individuals and societies with regard to the alternative uses of scarce resources.
Answer: C
Q3) What do geographers call an area that throughout its extent possesses similar characteristics?
Answer: Region
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3
Chapter 2: Techniques of Geographic Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 24 time zones of the world are roughly centered on meridians at 15-degree intervals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Discuss the concepts involved in the formation of the earth's grid system.Draw and carefully label a diagram that aids your explanation.
Answer: Need grid system to describe locations of points on a sphere.Key reference points are the poles,equator,and prime meridian.Students should define these,label them on a diagram,and indicate that latitude measures distance north and south of equator and longitude the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
Q3) A contour interval
A)is the vertical spacing between contour lines.
B)connects points of equal elevation above sea level.
C)is a single map in a topographic series.
D)heightens the graphic effect of a topographic map.
Answer: A
Q4) What is the name of the parallel from which latitude is measured?
Answer: Equator
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Chapter 3: Physical Geography: Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Over geologic time,sedimentary rocks can be transformed into metamorphic rocks and vice versa.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) An accumulation of rock fragments at the base of hills and mountains is called
A)talus
B)mass wastes
C)mass debris
D)rock fall
Answer: A
Q3) What general term refers to the alteration of the earth's crust due to plate movement?
Answer: Tectonic forces
Q4) Cirques are associated with coastal processes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Physical Geography: Weather and Climate
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Sample Questions
Q1) A typical tornado is less than 10 feet (3.1m)in diameter.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Land breezes usually occur at night,and sea breezes usually occur in the day.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Temperature inversions have no effect on air pollution.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The 20<sup>th</sup> Century was the warmest century in the past 600 years and the 1990s were the warmest decade in the 20<sup>th</sup> Century.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The earth's atmosphere is heated primarily by the process of A)direct solar radiation.
B)reradiation from the earth.
C)absorption from the earth.
D)latent heat of condensation.
Q6) Summarize the possible consequences of global warming.
Q7) State the scientific evidence for and against global warming.
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Chapter 5: Population Geography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Highest crude birth rates are found in developing countries of Africa,southern Asia,and Latin America.
A)True B)False
Q2) Since many societies have a dominantly young age structure,their population will tend to increase over the short run despite successful national family planning programs.
A)True B)False
Q3) The rate of world population increase slowed notably after World War II.
A)True B)False
Q4) Because of its mild climate and fertile soils,Western Europe has always had low birth and death rates.
A)True B)False
Q5) Discuss the meaning of demographic momentum and use the concept to explain why a shift to total fertility levels of 2.1 is not accompanied by an immediate halt to population growth.
Page 7
Q6) Explain Malthus' theories about population growth and food supply.
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Chapter 6: Cultural Geography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pidgin and creole languages are distinguished from one another by the fact that pidgin
A)may be based on any European language; creole is always a French dialect.
B)is always a second language for all its speakers; creole has become a distinctive first language of a society.
C)is a simplified European language taught to native populations; creole is a simplified native language.
D)is any invented language of Asia and the Pacific; creole is based on French and found in the Caribbean.
Q2) Religions are important keys to human geographic understanding because
A)with their emphasis upon charity and the afterlife,religions play a universal pacifying role.
B)they are one of the very few aspects of human culture totally divorced from the environments they occupy.
C)each major world religion is identified with a specific parent language.
D)religious beliefs intimately affect all facets of a culture.
Q3) Define fundamentalism and explain its significance in relationship to globalization.
Q4) Explain the difference between assimilation and acculturation.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Human Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how distance decay affects spatial interactions in your own life.
Q2) The spread of the 1781 influenza outbreak across Europe is an example of a pattern referred to as
A)hierarchical diffusion.
B)contagious diffusion.
C)logistical diffusion.
D)prognostic diffusion.
Q3) In what ways can territoriality be a positive force for good and in what ways can it become a negative force in the world?
Q4) Hierarchical diffusion is flow from larger to smaller centers; hierarchical migration is movement from smaller to larger centers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The tendency for some migrations to fail leads to
A)hierarchical migration.
B)spatial search migration.
C)channelized migration.
D)countermigration.
Q6) Explain how migration is an agent of diffusion.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Political Geography
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Sample Questions
Q1) International economic alliances
A)tend to be formed among widely separated countries with different but complementary resources.
B)almost invariably result from previously arranged military or defense alliances.
C)formed in one world region frequently stimulate the creation of countering alliances.
D)represent a significant surrender of national autonomy to "superstates" remote from local control.
Q2) The abandoned castles dotting the former frontier zone between Wales and England are examples of a/an ______________ boundary.
A)relic
B)superimposed
C)antecedent
D)natural
Q3) Explain the concepts of environmental justice and environmental racism and give an example of the latter.
Q4) What is a forward thrust capital? Give examples and explain the reasons for their selection.
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Chapter 9: Economic Geography: Agriculture and Primary Activities
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Sample Questions
Q1) The production of low-value minerals is closely controlled by A)beneficiation.
B)the quantity available.
C)labor costs.
D)transportation cost from deposit to market.
Q2) Fishing,farming,and mining are gathering industries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stages of economic development,although not always recognizable in a given country,include
A)Age of mass production and consumption
B)Period of debt relief
C)Movement to subsistence agriculture
D)Government-directed development projects
Q4) Which countries benefited most from the Green Revolution?
Q5) The defining characteristic of subsistence agriculture is
A)production for international markets.
B)production for domestic markets.
C)production for immediate household needs.
D)crop production for livestock feeding.
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Chapter 10: Economic Geography: Manufacturing and Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) In market economies,goods and services are created primarily for the consumption of producers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Of the following,the state with the highest concentration of high-technology industry is
A)California.
B)Ohio.
C)Pennsylvania.
D)Florida.
Q3) Compare the relative allocation of economic activity among the primary,secondary,and tertiary sectors for post-industrial,newly industrialized,and least developed countries in the world economy.
Q4) Secondary activities differ from tertiary activity in that
A)secondary activity is raw material oriented; tertiary industry is footloose.
B)secondary activities generate the highest percentage of total output in high income countries.
C)secondary industry is footloose; tertiary activity is locationally fixed.
D)secondary activity is ubiquitous; tertiary industry is market oriented.
Q5) What are the four major industrial concentrations in the world?
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Chapter 11: An Urban World
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Sample Questions
Q1) The multiplier effect predicts the new land use requirements resulting from growth in urban population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In general,which of these units has the largest area?
A)urbanized area
B)metropolitan area
C)suburbs
D)central city
Q3) A common locational feature associated with the growth of large cities is
A)a location in the deep interior of continents,in accordance with the heartland theory.
B)a location north of the 60<sup>th</sup> parallel.
C)a break-in-bulk location.
D)great distances from hubs of transportation routes.
Q4) Compare and contrast general city form in two of the following regions: North America,Western Europe,Eastern Europe,Latin America,Asia,and Africa.
Q5) Compare and contrast the urbanizing forces and the land use patterns of cities within the developed and the developing world
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Chapter 12: The Geography of Natural Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Electricity generated from heat energy beneath the earth's surface is called
A)hydroelectric power.
B)geothermal power.
C)tidal power.
D)biomass power.
Q2) What is the coastal zone of wetlands where salt water and fresh water mix called?
A)zone of aeration
B)continental shelf
C)phreatic zone
D)estuarine zone
Q3) The current estimate of proved oil reserves in the world is about _____ billion barrels.
A)1,200
B)2,300
C)5,000
D)4,300
Q4) Some renewable resources can be depleted.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Human Impact on the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Electronic telecommunication devices have provided a major benefit to the environment by eliminating paper waste without creating new solid waste disposal issues.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following places the greatest demand on freshwater supplies?
A)waste disposal
B)households and cities
C)industrial production
D)irrigated agriculture
Q3) The most critical concern regarding the disposal of radioactive wastes is that
A)dumping wastes at sea has resulted in contamination of the oceans.
B)injecting the waste into deep wells can trigger earthquakes.
C)no country has constructed a safe,permanent method of disposal.
D)burying wastes on land has led to contamination via leaks from the barrels.
Q4) Acid rain
A)can cause problems hundreds of kilometers downwind of its source.
B)occurs when heated wastewaters are returned to the environment.
C)occurs because water expands as its temperature increases.
D)refers to oxygen-deficient water.
Page 15
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