Pathophysiology for Health Professions Study Guide
Questions
Course Introduction
Pathophysiology for Health Professions offers a comprehensive exploration of the physiological processes that underpin human disease, emphasizing the mechanisms by which normal bodily functions are altered in various health conditions. Students will learn to identify and understand the etiology, progression, and clinical manifestations of common disorders affecting major organ systems. The course integrates foundational science with clinical application, providing a framework for early detection, diagnosis, and management strategies. Special focus is placed on interpreting laboratory data, case studies, and the implications of pathophysiological changes for patient care, preparing learners for practical roles in a variety of health professions.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professions An Interactive Journey 2nd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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1999 Verified Questions
1999 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology:
Learning the Language
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a definition for disease?
A)Not at ease
B)A condition in which the body fails to function normally
C)Anything that is a normal structure or function
D)Anything that upsets normal structure or function
Answer: C
Q2) Leuk/o is the combining form for cell.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The suffix algia means ________.
A)Inflammation
B)Cell
C)Pertaining to
D)Pain
Answer: D
Q4) An appendectomy means the surgical removal of the appendix.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Human Body: Reading the Map
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Sample Questions
Q1) The belly button is located in which region?
A)Epigastric
B)Umbilical
C)Iliac
D)Hypogastric
Answer: B
Q2) What directional term would you use to indicate the ankle if the knee is your point of reference?
A)External
B)Distal
C)Internal
D)Proximal
Answer: B
Q3) The opposite of superficial is ________.
A)Deep
B)Inferior
C)Posterior
D)Medial
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Biochemistry: the Basic Ingredients of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enzymes can be inhibited.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Water has hydrogen bonds, which give it its unique properties.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) A molecule that will mix with water is called ___________________. Answer: Hydrophilic
Q4) A solution with pH 8 is basic.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q5) What do anabolic steroids do when taken as medication?
A)Destroy tissue
B)Fight infection
C)Build up tissue
D)Increase fertility
Answer: C
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Cells: the Raw Materials and Building Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) The four phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) ________ packages and delivers proteins.
Q3) The mitosis phase has four divisions; when do the chromosomes split?
A)Anaphase
B)Metaphase
C)Prophase
D)Telephase
Q4) Following the analogy in your book, consider ribosomes the manufacturing plant for building materials used for ________ and repair.
Q5) These are called the "power plants" of the cell ________.
A)Ribosome
B)Mitochondria
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Lysosomes
Q6) ________ are tiny building blocks of all matter which combine to form molecules.
Q7) An organism that produces disease is called a(n) ________.
Page 6
Q8) Compare and contrast active and passive transport.
Q9) The word for non-cancerous is ____________.
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Chapter 5: Tissues and Systems: the Inside Story
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Sample Questions
Q1) The production of blood cells occurs within which body system?
A)Cardiovascular
B)Muscular
C)Endocrine
D)Skeletal
Q2) Connective tissue is the most common tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The body's first line of protection is its ________.
Q4) Mucous is ________.
A)The type of membrane
B)The material that collects in the corner of the eye
C)The actual substance secreted by membranes
D)The substance secreted by synovial membranes
Q5) Nervous tissue regenerates well.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Any avascular tissue with no extracellular matrix and an obvious top surface is __________________ tissue.
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Q7) In a serous membrane, the membrane layer that lines cavities is called ________.
Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: the Framework
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which mineral is included in the composition of bone?
A)Iodine
B)Calcium
C)Potassium
D)Iron
Q2) The microscopic cylindrical-shaped unit of compact bone is called ________.
A)The endosteum
B)The cancellous
C)The osteon
D)The trabeculae
Q3) The lining of a freely moving joint is cartilage only.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A tube or tunnel-like passageway through bone is a canal or____________.
Q5) Explain the steps in bone repair.
Q6) Bone is covered by endosteum.
A)True
B)False
Q7) ________ is a lateral curvature of the spine.
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Q8) Very tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to bone are called ________.
Chapter 7: The Muscular System: Movement for the Journey
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Sample Questions
Q1) The movement that is opposite of flexion is ________.
A)Abduction
B)Rotation
C)Extension
D)Supination
Q2) Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Muscles may be named using ________.
A)Speed
B)Action
C)Age
D)Myofilament type
Q4) During muscle contraction myosin heads bind to ______________.
Q5) The muscle that controls breathing is the ____________.
Q6) ____________ is a condition of muscle wasting.
Q7) The sternocleidomastoid is attached at the sternum, mastoid process and
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Q8) Some muscular diseases can cause ________, which is a condition of irregular muscle movement and lack of muscle coordination.
Chapter 8: The Integumentary System: the Protective
Covering
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Sample Questions
Q1) Collagenous and elastic fibers of the ____________ make it possible for the skin to flex with movement of the body.
A)Dermis
B)Subcutaneous
C)Epidermis
D)Fascia
Q2) ________ is the body's attempt to get as much "hot" blood exposed to a cooler surrounding environment so the heat radiates away from the body.
Q3) Warts or ________ are caused by the papilloma virus, which causes a hypertrophy of the keratin cells in the skin.
Q4) Hair is composed of fibrous protein called ________.
Q5) Distinguish between first, second and third degree burns.
Q6) ________ is a condition in which a fungal infection is involved with either fingernails or toenails.
A)Tinea corporis
B)Tinea unguium
C)Tinea cruris
D)Tinea pedis
Page 11
Q7) Explain the journey of an epidermal cell from birth to death.
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Chapter 9: The Nervous System Part I: the Information
Super Highway
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurons are able to generate tiny electrical currents by changing the ____________ of their membranes.
A)Composition
B)Shape
C)Pathway
D)Permeability
Q2) The most common systemic disorder that causes peripheral neuropathy is ________.
Q3) ________ is usually mechanical injury to spinal cord tissue.
Q4) The nerves going to the upper limbs join the spinal cord at the ____________ region.
A)Cervical
B)Thoracic
C)Lumbar
D)Sacral
Q5) Sensory neurons are also called ________.
A)Interneurons
B)Input neurons
C)Output neurons
D)Glia cells
Q6) The lipid ________ increases action potential conduction speed. Page 12
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System Part Ii: the Traffic Control Center
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ________ is a pool of blood between any of the layers of meninges and the skull.
A)Contusion
B)Hemorrhage
C)Hematoma
D)Concussion
Q2) Explain why cerebral spinal fluid balance is important in the brain.
Q3) Brain cavities are called ________.
Q4) Cross communication between the right and left sides of the brain is through the ____________.
Q5) The size of the map of a body part in the postcentral gyrus is determined by the _____________ of the body part.
Q6) Damage to the _____________ lobes leads to sensory perception problems.
Q7) A mini stroke is known as a ________.
A)TIA
B)Transient necrotic attack
C)Stroke
D)a and b only
Q9) The pineal body secretes the hormone ____________. Page 14
Q8) A(n) ____________ is a group of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.
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Chapter 11: The Senses: the Sights and Sounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) A feeling of dizziness and or whirling in space is called ________.
A)Vertigo
B)Purulence
C)Eczema
D)Tinnitus
Q2) A cloudy or opaque area in the normally clear lens of the eye is called a ________.
A)Stye
B)Detachment
C)Cataract
D)None of the above
Q3) The ____________ is the colored part of the eye.
Q4) Rods are active in dim light.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The vitreous humor is watery.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Hyperopia is when the eye cannot focus properly on ________ objects.
Q7) Tinnitus can occur as a result of chronic exposure to loud ________.
Page 16
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?
A)The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in the body.
B)All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
C)Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.
D)Endocrine glands produce hormones.
Q2) Epinephrine is also known as adrenalin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Renin is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The release of norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood stream increases all of these except ________.
A)Respiration
B)Saliva
C)Pulse or heart rate
D)Blood pressure
Q5) The most common cause of hypothyroidism is ________.
Q6) Hypopituitarism is characterized by the loss of any or all ________ pituitary hormones. Page 17
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Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Transport and Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coronary artery disease or CAD is an insufficient blood flow to the heart tissue.It is usually due to ________ but may be due to clot(s) in a coronary artery.
Q2) Which of the following is not a white blood cell?
A)Neutrophil
B)Thrombocyte
C)Lymphocyte
D)All of the above are white blood cells
Q3) Basophils are important because they secrete the chemical ________, which helps to keep blood from clotting as it courses through blood vessels.
Q4) Which WBC is effective in defending the body against parasites?
A)Eosinophil
B)Basophil
C)Neutrophil
D)Monocyte
Q5) Monocytes are erythrocytes.
A)True
B)False
Q7) ____________ or clotting is the prevention of bleeding. Page 19
Q6) Discuss why an O negative mother should be concerned about her second pregnancy.
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System: Its a Gas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the mechanism of ventilation.
Q2) When the diaphragm contracts, lung volume ______________________.
A)Decreases
B)Increases
C)Stays the same
D)Changes depending on circumstances
Q3) What region contains the coarse nasal hairs?
A)Pharyngeal
B)Vestibular
C)Olfactory
D)Laryngeal
Q4) The dome-shaped muscle that acts to ventilate is the diaphragm.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The nasopharynx contains lymphatic tissue of the immune system, called the ________, and passageways to the middle ear called eustachian tubes.
Q6) The thoracic cage consists of twelve pairs of elastic arches of bone called ribs.
A)True
B)False
21
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Your Defense Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which stage of cancer would mean it had spread to nearby tissues?
A)Stage four
B)Stage seven
C)Stage two
D)Stage five
Q2) Which structure will sometimes disappear in adults?
A)Sinus
B)Spleen
C)Thymus
D)Pancreas
Q3) Macrophages ingest invaders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ________ in the chest is part of the lymphatic system and helps T lymphocytes mature.
A)Pharyngeal tonsils
B)Spleen
C)Palatine tonsils
D)Thymus
Q5) The ____________ is a lymphatic organ that destroys red blood cells.
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Chapter 16: The Gastrointestinal System: Fuel for the Trip
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ disease is the major cause of tooth loss in the adult population.
Q2) Directly after leaving the stomach, materials go to the jejunum.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ is the discharge of purulent material from dental tissue.
Q4) The final door of the stomach that needs to open for chyme to travel to the small intestine is the fundus.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The gastrointestinal system breaks down, or ____________, materials.
Q6) ________ is the formation of stones or calculi in the gallbladder or common bile duct.
Q7) The gastrointestinal system takes in, or ____________, raw materials.
Q8) Inflammation of the appendix is called ________.
Q9) This structure increases the surface area of the lining of the small intestine
23
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Chapter 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hormones that regulate blood pressure also affect
A)Number of nephrons
B)Permeability of glomerular capsule
C)Reabsorption and secretion
D)Ureters and urethra
Q2) Drug-induced ________ is a type of kidney disease caused by drugs toxic to kidney tissue, especially contrast dyes and NSAIDs.
Q3) ________(ADH) is made by the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary when blood pressure decreases or blood ionic concentration increases.
Q4) A sphincter controls the release of urine.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The space inside the kidney is called the renal ____________.
Q6) The second factor that affects tubular reabsorption and secretion is a special type of circulation around the nephron loop, called ________ circulation.
Q7) The ________________are striped areas of the renal medulla.
Q8) The ascending nephron loop is permeable only to _________________.
Page 25
Q9) Explain how diabetes mellitus affects the kidneys.
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System: Replacement and Repair
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Sample Questions
Q1) In utero, the fetus is nourished by the ________.
A)Umbilical cord
B)Amniotic fluid
C)Placenta
D)Amnion
Q2) Following birth, the baby is often fed with breast milk.One of the complications is ________ which is an inflammation of the breast.
Q3) The phase of the menstrual cycle that directly precedes ovulation is called
A)The secretory phase
B)The proliferative phase
C)Menses
D)Menarche
Q4) Another name for oviducts is ____________ tubes.
Q5) Normally, an adult human has 23 chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ________ is painful menstruation.
26
Q7) The fertilized egg is known as the ________.
Q8) ______________ is a mixture of sperm, sugar, water and electrolytes.
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Chapter 19: The Journeys End: Now What
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Sample Questions
Q1) The male and female skeleton differ in what manner?
A)Females have a wider pelvis
B)Males have a wider pelvis
C)Females have fewer rib bones
D)Males have more rib bones
Q2) Which of these is not a common behavioral change due to pain?
A)Being grumpy
B)Swearing
C)Having a loss of appetite
D)Increased social interaction
Q3) Forensic DNA evidence is the only way to identify the sex of the victim.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the absence of disease, the brain continues to mature up to the age of ____________ (Use the numeral).
Q5) As an individual ages, he or she may lose which of the following?
A)Muscle mass
B)Neurons
C)Bone density
D)All of the above
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