Pathology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Pathology is the study of disease, exploring its causes, mechanisms, development, and consequences on the bodys tissues and organs. This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts of pathology, including cellular injury, inflammation, repair, neoplasia, genetic and environmental factors in disease, and systemic pathology affecting major organ systems. Emphasizing the correlation between clinical features and microscopic findings, students learn to interpret laboratory data and recognize pathologic changes, equipping them with essential knowledge for diagnosis and understanding disease processes in medical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1028
Page 2
Chapter 1: Epithelium
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20394
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following proteins composes the majority of the basal lamina?
A) Collagen
B) Fibrin
C) Fibronectin
D) Integrin
E) Laminin
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following proteins transports vesicles along neuronal axons?
A) Actin
B) Calmodulin
C) Kinesin
D) Myosin I
E) Myosin II
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Facilitated diffusion
A) Is another name for osmosis
B) Occurs against a concentration gradient
C) Occurs through pores in the phospholipid bilayer
D) Requires specialized proteins
E) Requires energy
Answer: D
Q2) Which organelle is responsible for degrading proteins?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A secreted chemical messenger meant to act on an adjacent cell is called a(n)
A) Autocrine
B) Hormone
C) Neurohormone
D) Neurotransmitter
E) Paracrine
Answer: E
Q2) An action potential triggers the release of a(n)
A) Eicosanoid
B) Neurotransmitter
C) Paracrine
D) Peptide hormone
E) Steroid hormone
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inflammation is generally a function of which of the following connective tissue cells?
A) Adipocytes
B) Fibroblasts
C) Macrophages
D) Mast cells
E) Pericytes
Q2) Formation of new cartilage along the surface of pre-existing cartilage is termed
A) Appositional growth
B) Endochondral growth
C) Interstitial growth
D) Intramembranous growth
E) Isogenous growth
Q3) Connective tissue called _____ lines the _____ cavity of long bones
A) Endosteum epiphyseal
B) Endosteum medullary
C) Perichondrium medullary
D) Periosteum diaphyseal
E) Periosteum medullary
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6
Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) Decrease the rate of calcium absorption
B) Decrease the rate of calcium excretion
C) Increase the level of calcium ion in the blood
D) Stimulate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
E) Stimulate osteoclast activity
Q2) Secondary ossification centers are found
A) At the outer surface of the diaphysis
B) At the surface of the epiphyses
C) In the center of the epiphyses
D) In the dermis of the skin
E) In the medullary cavity of the diaphysis
Q3) During the lengthening of long bones, the zone in which cartilage cells undergo cell division and become organized into rows of isogenous cells is the
A) Calcification zone
B) Hypertrophic zone
C) Proliferative zone
D) Reserve zone
E) Vascular invasion zone
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Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cell type differentiates into macrophages?
A) Basophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Monocyte
E) Neutrophil
Q2) The majority of the formed elements of blood are
A) Eosinophils
B) Erythrocytes
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Thrombocytes
Q3) Which cell type gives rise to platelets (thrombocytes)?
A) Megakaryocyte
B) Monoblast
C) Monocyte
D) Myeloblast
E) Thromboblast
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8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the _____.
A) Endomysium
B) Epimysium
C) Perimysium
D) Sarcolemma
E) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Q2) The structure that serves as an attachment for thin filaments and demarcates the boundary between sarcomeres in skeletal muscle is the
A) A band
B) H zone
C) I band
D) M line
E) Z line
Q3) Following stimulation at the neuromuscular junction, Ca² binds to ____ on thin filaments.
A) F-actin
B) G-actin
C) Nebulin 77
D) Tropomyosin
E) Troponin
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Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ receives external signals and transmits the information to the neuronal cell body.
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Soma
D) Synaptic terminal
E) Telodendron
Q2) The neuroglial cells responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system are
A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Microglial cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
E) Schwann cells
Q3) Which of the following neuroglial cells is phagocytic?
A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglial cells
E) Satellite cells
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Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The membrane that separates the fluid-filled cochlear chamber from the air-filled middle ear, helping to regulate pressure in the inner ear, is called the _____
A) Cochlear duct
B) Cochlear membrane
C) Oval window
D) Round window
E) Tympanic membrane
Q2) Most of the aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body drains into the A) Aqueous veins
B) Canal of Schlemm
C) External collecting channel
D) Scleral plexus
E) Trabecular meshwork
Q3) The muscle responsible for accommodation is found in the A) Cornea
B) Inner tunica
C) Retina
D) Sclera
E) Uvea
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Chapter 10: Immune Lymphatic System
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8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The humoral immune response is carried out by
A) B lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) T lymphocytes
E) Thrombocytes
Q2) Which of the following is found in the red pulp of the spleen?
A) B and T cells
B) Central arteriole
C) Corona
D) Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
E) Splenic cords
Q3) Activated B cells proliferate in the _____ of a lymph node.
A) Capsule
B) Germinal center
C) Mantle zone
D) Subcapsular sinus
E) Trabeculae
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12
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nail production occurs at the nail _____.
A) Bed
B) Body
C) Eponychium
D) Hyponychium
E) Matrix
Q2) The _____ is a vascularized, innervated structure where new hair growth occurs
A) Arrector pili
B) Dermal papilla
C) Hair follicle
D) Hair root plexus
E) Hair shaft
Q3) Which of the following sensory receptors is activated by painful stimuli?
A) Mechanoreceptors
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Merkel disks
D) Nociceptors
E) Pacinian corpuscles
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Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pericytes are found in association with
A) Arterioles
B) Capillaries
C) Elastic arteries
D) Muscular arteries
E) Veins
Q2) The tunica media
A) Contains collagen and elastic fibers
B) Directly surrounds the lumen of the blood vessel
C) Includes the external elastic lamina
D) Is composed of simple squamous epithelia
E) Is not found in venules, arterioles, or capillaries
Q3) Arteries are best described as
A) Thick-walled vessels that carry blood toward the heart
B) Thick-walled vessels that carry oxygenated blood
C) Thin-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart
D) Thin-walled vessels that carry deoxygenated blood
E) Not one of the above is an accurate description of arteries
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14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cells in the olfactory epithelium are structurally bipolar neurons?
A) Basal cells
B) Bowman's cells
C) Columnar cells
D) Olfactory cells
E) Sustentacular cells
Q2) Which of the following statements about the larynx is not true?
A) It is lined with respiratory epithelium
B) The false vocal folds contain the space of Reinke
C) The subglottis is inferior to the anterior and posterior commissures
D) The true vocal folds are found in the glottis
E) Vocal cords are abducted during inspiration
Q3) In the respiratory system, air moves from the larynx into the
A) Bronchi
B) Bronchioles
C) Laryngopharynx
D) Oropharynx
E) Trachea
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Urinary System
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Structural support in the renal corpuscle is provided by the
A) Basal lamina
B) Filtration slit diaphragms
C) Mesangium
D) Pedicles
E) Podocytes
Q2) Urine flows from the major calyx directly to which kidney structure?
A) Minor calyx
B) Nephron
C) Renal papillae
D) Renal pelvis
E) Ureter
Q3) All of the following statements about the distal thick segment of the renal tubule are true EXCEPT
A) It does not have a brush border
B) It empties into the collecting duct
C) It excretes sodium ions and absorbs potassium ions
D) It has a larger diameter than the loop of Henle
E) It is impermeable to water outside the presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following structures has three poorly defined layers in the muscularis externa?
A) Esophagus
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Stomach
E) The muscularis externa of all of the above structures has three layers
Q2) What do the surface mucous cells of the stomach do?
A) They are regenerative
B) They help reabsorb vitamin B12
C) They secrete a substance that protects the stomach lining from acid
D) They secrete hydrochloric acid
E) They secrete into the base of the gastric pit
Q3) What type of papillae are the largest, least numerous, and are found at the back of the tongue?
A) Circumvallate
B) Filiform
C) Foliate
D) Fungiform
E) Lingual
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Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cholecystokinin
A) Inhibits gastric juice secretion
B) Inhibits pancreatic juice secretion
C) Stimulates antigen endocytosis
D) Stimulates lysozyme secretion
E) Stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile
Q2) Which of the following are not mucosal specializations of the small intestine?
A) Peyer's patches
B) Villi
C) Plicae circulares
D) Microvilli
E) Rugae
Q3) The ____ secrete(s) an alkaline fluid to protect the duodenum from acidic chyme.
A) Brunner's glands
B) Gallbladder
C) Goblet cells
D) Liver
E) Peyer's patches
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18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sublingual glands
A) Are the largest salivary glands
B) Contain protein-rich granules
C) Contain serous but not mucous cells
D) Have a well-defined capsule
E) Have poorly developed intercalated ducts
Q2) Bile moves from the ducts lined with cuboidal epithelium into the ____ duct.
A) Common bile
B) Cystic
C) Duodenal
D) Hepatic
E) Interlobular
Q3) Which of the following has a mucosa that is rich in mitochondria, absorbs sodium, and is lined with columnar epithelium?
A) Anterior dorsal tongue
B) Intercalated intralobular salivary ducts
C) Interlobular salivary ducts
D) Striated intralobular salivary ducts
E) Vermilion aspect of the lips
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19
Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prolactin secretion is _____ by _____.
A) Inhibited dopamine
B) Inhibited somatostatin
C) Stimulated dopamine
D) Stimulated growth hormone-releasing hormone
E) Stimulated nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
Q2) The hormone that stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 production in the hepatocytes is secreted by
A) Acidophils
B) Basophils
C) Chromophobe cells
D) Herring bodies
E) Pituicytes
Q3) Which endocrine structure is composed of several cell types, including chromophobe cells, acidophils, and basophils?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Parathyroid gland
D) Pineal gland
E) Posterior pituitary
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Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces
A) Androgens
B) Corticoids
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Mineralocorticoids
E) Steroids
Q2) Parafollicular cells
A) Are found in the parathyroid glands
B) Are found in the zona glomerulosa
C) Constitute the pars tuberalis
D) Secrete a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
E) Secrete hormones responsible for establishing the basal metabolic rate
Q3) The trophic hormone that controls the release of T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) is secreted by
A) Acidophilic cells
B) Basophilic cells
C) Chromaffin cells
D) Chromophobic cells
E) Follicular cells
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Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The substage of prophase of meiosis I in which synapsis begins is the _____ substage.
A) Diakinesis
B) Diplotene
C) Leptotene
D) Pachytene
E) Zygotene
Q2) Which of the following is not true of Sertoli cells?
A) Their function is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone
B) They are found in testicular interstitial tissue
C) They prevent cytotoxic agents from moving to the seminiferous tubules from the blood by forming tight junctions with adjacent Sertoli cells
D) They provide mechanical support for spermatogenic cells
E) They provide nutrition for spermatogenic cells
Q3) Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells are found in the
A) Epididymides
B) Prostate
C) Rete testes
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
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Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure contributes a lubricating mucus substance to semen?
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Epididymidis
C) Prostate
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
Q2) Sperm are matured and stored in what structure?
A) Epididymidis
B) Prostate
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Testis
E) Vas deferens
Q3) Which duct has a characteristic wavy lumen as a result of different epithelial cell heights?
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Tubuli recti
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The layer of glycoproteins between the oocytes and granulosa cells is called the
A) Corona radiata
B) Cumulus oophorus
C) Macula pellucida
D) Theca folliculus
E) Zona pellucida
Q2) Developing follicles are found in the
A) Ovarian cortex
B) Ovarian medulla
C) Oviduct
D) Tunica albuginea
E) Uterus
Q3) Which of the following does not occur as a result of the luteinizing hormone surge?
A) Formation of the corpus luteum
B) Increased estrogen secretion
C) Ovulation
D) Secondary oocyte completes meiosis I
E) Secretion of proteolytic enzymes from the mature follicle
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the spermatozoa contains digestive enzymes that aid in fertilization?
A) Acrosome
B) Basal plate
C) End piece
D) Neck
E) Tail
Q2) Rapid cell division without organismal growth is called
A) Cleavage
B) Implantation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
E) Oogenesis
Q3) The opening of the uterus into the vagina is the _____.
A) Cervix
B) Infundibulum
C) Ovary
D) Oviduct
E) Uterine tube
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