Operations Strategy
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Operations Strategy explores how organizations develop and implement effective strategies to manage and improve their operational processes, aligning them with overall business objectives. The course examines key concepts such as competitive priorities, process design, capacity planning, supply chain management, and innovation in operations. Students will learn to analyze and formulate strategies that enhance efficiency, quality, flexibility, and responsiveness, gaining insights into how operational decisions drive long-term organizational success. Through case studies, real-world examples, and analytical tools, the course equips students with the skills to create sustainable competitive advantages through operational excellence.
Recommended Textbook
Operations Management Managing Global Supply Chains 1st Edition by Ray R. Venkataraman
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Managing Global Operations and Supply Chains
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following are different organizational functions paired with a description of the function.Which of these is correctly paired?
A)Finance function: gathers market intelligence and can provide the operations group with meaningful ideas for product-improvement programs
B)Marketing function: provides the operations group with technical information support
C)Information technology function: provides funding that allows a firm's operations group to produce products and invest in new production equipment
D)Human resources function: provides the recruitment,hiring,and training of operations personnel as well as health-and-safety compliance training and advice related to current environmental and regulatory issues
Answer: D
Q2) The Six Sigma approach to quality ______.
A)was initiated by Motorola
B)was started in 1962
C)was welcomed by all companies
D)applies only to manufacturing
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Operations and Supply Chain Strategies
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Q1) The carbon footprint of a supply chain refers to ______.
A)the amount of greenhouse gases produced
B)the use of energy-efficient lighting
C)the use of recycled materials
D)all of these
Answer: D
Q2) Functional strategy is a strategy that ______.
A)attempts to address the fundamental question of what industries and markets the organization should enter and compete in
B)attempts to address the fundamental question of how a company can compete in a particular industry
C)attempts to address the fundamental question of how to manage a particular function
D)attempts to address the fundamental question of what advertising strategy to follow Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Project Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a project?
A)Projects are unique.
B)Projects are limited by resources.
C)Projects address customer needs.
D)Goals in projects evolve as the project progresses.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following statements about the work package is true?
A)The work breakdown structure is part of the work package.
B)The work package is determined in the conceptualization stage of the project.
C)The work package is part of the process following the completion of the project.
D)The work package is part of the work breakdown structure.
Answer: D
Q3) A line tracking the project costs over the life of the project ______.
A)is known as the P-curve because the line represents projected costs
B)is known as the E-curve because the line curves sharply from bottom left to top right
C)is known as the S-curve because the line is shaped like the letter S
D)is known as the S-curve because the line represents scheduled costs
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Supplement: Project Management
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Q1) The most pessimistic time for a task is 9 months.The most optimistic time for the same task is 7 months.What is the variance,in months,for the duration of the activity?
A)0.01
B)0.11
C)1.01
D)2.31
Q2) If the most optimistic and pessimistic times for a task are 3 and 11 days respectively,then the variance for the duration of the activity ______.
A)= (3 - 11)/ 6)raised to 2
B)= (11 - 3)/ 6)raised to 2
C)= (11 - 3)/ 3)raised to 2
D)= (3 - 11)/ 3)raised to 2
Q3) The formula for the expected duration of an activity under these circumstances is ______.
A)(a + 4m + b)/6
B)(a + 2m + b)/6
C)(a + 4m + b)/3
D)(a + 2m + b)/3
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Chapter 5: Product and Service Innovations
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Q1) New product development for many industries has been impacted by ______.
A)global competition
B)the nuclear pact with Iran
C)the emergence of ISIS
D)the increase in terrorist attacks
Q2) New global product offerings require an intimate understanding of ______.
A)cultural nuances of different countries
B)the Geneva Convention
C)the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
D)packaging requirements in different countries
Q3) The association of black color with bad luck (in China)or the breakfast preferences of Indians are discussed as examples of ______.
A)cultural differences
B)religious differences
C)industrial differences
D)political differences
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Chapter 6: Supplement: Reliability
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Q1) A product consists of six parts.The reliability of these parts are 0.94,0.9,0.56,0.99,0.77,and 0.96.Calculate and indicate product reliability.
A)34.7%
B)23.2%
C)14.1%
D)90.3%
Q2) A laser printer is able to operate 400 hours between two repairs,and the mean time to repair the printer is 4 hours.Compute and indicate the availability of the printer.
A)0.99
B)0.96
C)0.98
D)0.97
Q3) A complicated widget fails 12 times in 600 hours of operation.The failure rate of the widget is ______.
A)0.02
B)0.03
C)0.01
D)0.05
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Chapter 7: Managing for Quality
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Q1) Design for supply chain is ______.
A)the process of designing a product so that it matches up well with the capabilities of a firm's supply chain members
B)the process of designing the supply chain so that it is capable of producing inputs to the primary firm
C)the process of designing the product so that it can be easily transported through the supply chain
D)the process of locating the firm so that suppliers are located close to the firm
Q2) The Four Seasons Hotel and Toyota are cited as examples for which quality characteristic?
A)durability
B)reliability
C)performance
D)timeliness
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Chapter 8: Quality Improvement and Control Tools
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Q1) The process capability index ______.
A)is a measure of how well a process meets its control limits
B)is the ratio of the range of design tolerances to the range of the variability of the process
C)is the product of the range of design tolerances to the range of the variability of the process
D)is the reciprocal of the range of design tolerances to the range of the variability of the process
Q2) Which of the following is a feature of a control chart?
A)a center line
B)an upper specification limit
C)a lower specification limit
D)the modal value of a process defect
Q3) If two variables are negatively correlated,an increase in one variable ______.
A)has a proportional increase in the other variable
B)is associated with a decrease in the other variable
C)is associated with an increase in the other variable
D)has no effect on the other variable
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Chapter 9: Capacity Planning
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Q1) In the context of operations,the maximum amount of output an operation is capable of producing in a given time period is given by the ______.
A)firm's managerial efficiency
B)responsiveness of the firm's suppliers
C)firm's capacity
D)manufacturing lead time
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the steps taken by Pratt & Whitney to address concerns about on-time delivery?
A)Pratt offered various financial incentives for completing on time,as well as financial and legal penalties for not completing on time.
B)Pratt took a long-term view to ensure that capacity and suppliers were coordinated for future deliveries.
C)Pratt started monitoring suppliers 100 weeks ahead of when parts were due to arrive at the manufacturing centers.
D)If a supplier was not meeting its quality or production goals,Pratt sent engineers to help fix the problem at the source.
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Chapter 10: Supply Chain Design and Location Planning
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the choice of a global location?
A)host country market size
B)total cost
C)infrastructure
D)lead time
Q2) Which of the following is considered to be an exchange rate risk?
A)devaluation
B)loss of market share
C)failure of supplier to deliver
D)obsolescence
Q3) If customer requirements vary,the firm would need ______.
A)a few large consolidated facilities
B)several smaller localized facilities
C)a few smaller localized facilities
D)several large consolidated facilities
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Chapter 11: Process Design and Layout Planning
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Q1) There are several advantages in using robots in manufacturing processes.Which of the following is NOT one of these advantages?
A)Robots can perform difficult tasks.
B)Robots can perform repetitive tasks.
C)Robots can perform dangerous tasks.
D)Robots can perform inexpensive tasks.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a goal of a repetitive process?
A)high customer satisfaction
B)low unit costs
C)high efficiency
D)high volume of production
Q3) The term <i>NC machines</i> refers to ______.
A)machines in North Carolina
B)numerically controlled machines
C)numerically consistent machines
D)near catastrophic machines
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Chapter 12: Supplement: Tools for Analyzing, Designing, and Selecting Processes and Layouts
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Q1) ______ is a process-mapping technique used to analyze and design the flow of materials and information across multiple processes.
A)A value stream map (VSM)
B)Simulation
C)A service blueprint
D)A process chart
Q2) In a production process,the total time consumed by all tasks is 45 minutes.The total time available is 60 minutes.Given this information,which of the following statements is true?
A)The balance efficiency is 75%.
B)The balance inefficiency is 175%.
C)The balance efficiency is 25%.
D)The balance inefficiency is 125%.
Q3) ________ are the intersection of two lines on a breakeven analysis graph that show the point at which the total cost of two processes are identical.
A)Points of difference
B)Points of indifference
C)Points of correlation
D)Points of contact
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Chapter 13: Supplier Management
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Q1) Standard purchase orders are used for ______.
A)purchases to be made on approximate dates when inventories run low in specified quantities
B)long-term purchases on multiple dates over a period of time
C)one-time purchases
D)weekly purchases
Q2) The focus of ______ is to resolve problems between suppliers and buyers before the problems become conflicts.
A)supplier performance management
B)supplier process management
C)a supplier scorecard
D)supplier information management
Q3) Services provided by call centers are an example of ______.
A)nonstrategic services
B)public services
C)strategic services
D)private services
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Chapter 14: Logistics Management
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Q1) The mode that represents the highest percentage of U.S.transportation cost in recent years is ______.
A)air
B)pipelines
C)water
D)truck
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the basic modes of transportation?
A)air
B)rail
C)wormhole
D)pipeline
Q3) A failure in the order fulfillment process can ______.
A)lead to loss of market share
B)reduce the elasticity of demand
C)invoke government regulation
D)lead to noncompliance with ISO standards
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Chapter 15: Demand Management and Customer Service
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Q1) An objective of intermediate-term demand planning decisions is ______.
A)establishment of profit and revenue targets
B)inventory planning and control
C)transportation for inbound and outbound
D)supply chain design
Q2) The process of accurately determining what the customer wants and then coordinating the processes and procedures within the firm and across its supply chain to meet customer needs is called ______.
A)demand forecasting
B)demand management
C)demand planning
D)demand creation
Q3) ______ is a process of allocating revenue and costs to customer segments or individual customers in order to determine their profitability.
A)Company profitability analysis
B)Customer profitability analysis
C)Collective profitability analysis
D)Convenient profitability analysis
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Chapter 16: Demand Forecasting Methods
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Q1) Simple exponential smoothing or the first-order smoothing model can be used when ______.
A)demand exhibits different types of trend patterns
B)demand is constant or level
C)demand exhibits both trend and seasonal patterns
D)demand is fluctuating
Q2) Factors that capture the seasonal contribution to demand in each period during the year are called ______.
A)seasonal patterns
B)seasonal indices
C)seasonal signals
D)seasonal indicators
Q3) ______ are periodic,fairly short-term fluctuations in demand often caused by human activities or weather.
A)Cyclical variations
B)Seasonal variations
C)Irregular variations
D)Random variations
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Chapter 17: Lean Operations and Supply Chains
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Q1) In value stream mapping,we create a visual map of the production process to show
A)value added at each step in the process
B)time required to meet customer needs
C)whether customer specifications have been met
D)the extent of government supervision of this project
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a factor that makes it easier to implement lean in a service delivery system?
A)the extent to which the service delivery system can be standardized
B)the frequency at which services are delivered
C)the consistency of services that are delivered
D)the cost of services that are delivered
Q3) Which of the following is a lean initiative that is consistent with sustainability practices?
A)increase in use of raw materials
B)avoiding overproduction
C)increased frequency of quality inspections
D)employing more quality control personnel
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Chapter 18: Inventory Management
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Q1) A continuous review system is also known as a(n)______.
A)fixed order quantity system
B)annual inventory system
C)periodic review system
D)fixed order interval system
Q2) In a periodic inventory system,______.
A)inventory is monitored frequently between orders
B)costs associated with purchasing and ordering can be minimized
C)savings due to economies of scale are not available
D)physical counting and ordering of replacement items occur at different times
Q3) The use of radio frequency identification (RFID)______.
A)has increased the accuracy and efficiency of managing inventory
B)is most appropriate for companies that handle inventory in small quantities
C)is not as efficient as the periodic review system
D)is a response to the costs of cycle counting
Q4) Anticipation inventory is ______.
A)inventory held in excess of a firm's cycle stock
B)to avoid expected fall in demand
C)also called seasonal inventory
D)stock-out avoidance inventory
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Chapter 19: Inventory Control Models
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Q1) The setup cost to make carpets is $20 per setup.The holding cost is $1.75 per yard per year,and the annual demand is 12,000 yards of carpet per year.The manufacturing facility operates 300 days,and 120 yards of the carpet are produced per day.What is the total annual holding cost under the economic production quantity policy?
A)$374.17
B)$458.26
C)$561.25
D)$1,122.50
Q2) In the economic order quantity model,ordering at the economic order quantity level implies that ______.
A)the total ordering and holding costs are equal
B)the total ordering costs are higher than the total holding costs
C)the total ordering costs are lower than the total holding costs
D)the total ordering costs are not equal to the total holding costs
Q3) In the EOQ model,if shortages are not allowed,then ______.
A)stock-out costs do not exist
B)stock-out costs are high
C)stock-out costs are low
D)stock-out costs are acceptable
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Chapter 20: Sales and Operations Planning
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Q1) The objective of ______ is to ensure that there is sufficient manufacturing and distribution capacity to meet the demand forecasts.
A)operations planning
B)financial planning
C)supply planning
D)demand planning
Q2) Companies with a well-integrated S&OP typically have ______ days of inventory.
A)25 to 30 days
B)6 months
C)40 to 50 days
D)70 to 90 days
Q3) SCOP in sustainable sales and operation planning stands for ______.
A)sustainable cost operations planning
B)suitable cost operations planning
C)sustainable carbon operations planning
D)sales carbon operations planning
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Chapter 21: Master Scheduling and Material Requirements
Planning
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Q1) Changes to the master schedule during the frozen time fence may be requested only by the ______.
A)master scheduler
B)senior executive
C)production planner
D)inventory manager
Q2) Which file contains data about materials,components,parts,and the assembling sequence of an end item?
A)bill of materials
B)materials requirement
C)master production
D)materials requirement plan
Q3) The focus of the master schedule in an ATO production environment is ______.
A)to produce finished goods to meet inventory and customer service levels
B)to produce components,modules and subassemblies ready to be assembled based on order
C)to ensure that capacity is available for assembling end product when order is received
D)to produce standardized modules and subassemblies
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Chapter 22: Supplement: Capacity Requirements Planning,
MRP II, ERP, and DRP
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Q1) When we use lot <i>splitting</i>,we ______.
A)divide a single lot into two or more sublots and process each sublot on similar work centers
B)divide a single lot into two or more sublots and manufacture each batch or sub lot in sequence
C)divide a single lot into two or more sublots and outsource the manufacture of one or more sublots
D)divide a single lot into multiple sublots and process each sublot on different work centers
Q2) Which module of the ERP system includes applications that provide customers with sales quotes,schedule orders,print shipping labels,generate leads,and create sales literature?
A)finance and accounting
B)human resources management (HRM)
C)customer resources management (CRM)
D)supply chain management (SCM)
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Chapter 23: Detailed Scheduling
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Q1) ______ is the process of making specific resources such as labor,equipment,and facilities to produce a product or deliver a service available.
A)Planning
B)Scheduling
C)Forecasting
D)Production
Q2) The ______ rule can be applied for scheduling in make-to-stock and make-to-order production systems.
A)shortest processing time
B)earliest due date
C)longest processing time
D)critical ratio (CR)
Q3) In reality,most businesses generally use ______.
A)a combination of forward and backward scheduling
B)forward scheduling only
C)backward scheduling only
D)advanced scheduling
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Chapter 24: Linear Programming
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Q1) In linear programming,advertising dollars budgeted for a marketing campaign is an example of ______.
A)a variable
B)a resource
C)a constraint
D)an objective
Q2) For binding constraints at optimality,the right-hand value should be ______ the left-hand value.
A)greater than B)less than C)equal to D)in proportion to
Q3) A sensitivity analysis report generated by Excel Solver includes the ______ and the ______.
A)fixed cells table,variable cells table
B)constraint table,variable cells table
C)constraint table,objective table
D)variable cells table,decision variables table
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Chapter 25: The Transportation Models
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Q1) Refer to the Shipping Costs for The Allied Motors Company.Solve the transportation problem using Excel Solver.(Remember that in balanced transportation problems all constraints-except the non-negativity constraints of the decision variables-should be set as an equal-to (=)sign in the Excel Solver dialogue.)At the optimum solution,the number of units shipped from Downey to Shreveport is ______.
A)527
B)617
C)243
D)433
Q2) ______ refers to a condition that occurs when the solution to a transportation problem has occupied routes (cells)that are less than the (number of origins + the number of destinations - 1).
A)Balanced transportation problem
B)Degeneracy
C)Dummy demand destinations
D)Dummy supply sources
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Chapter 26: Waiting Line Models
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Q1) The mathematical expression for the Poisson distribution is shown as P(x)= e /x! The term stands for ______.
A)probability of arrivals
B)number of arrivals per unit of time
C)expected or average arrival rate
D)total arrival time
Q2) ______ represents a certain number of customers waiting for service at a facility.
A)Queue
B)Service level
C)Service capacity
D)Arrival rate
Q3) Let us assume the average number of customers served per hour is five customers.What is the probability that the service exceeds 15 minutes for any customer?
A)29%
B)76%
C)45%
D)13%
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Chapter 27: Simulation
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Q1) Consider the Demand for Microwave Ovens dataset.What is the total demand corresponding to random numbers 24,89,10,7,96,and 21?
A)9
B)10
C)11
D)12
Q2) Consider the Demand for Microwave Ovens dataset.What is the total demand corresponding to random numbers 61,89,94,96,42,and 13?
A)15
B)9
C)17
D)11
Q3) ______ consists of preparing a detailed report of the simulation study.
A)Experimentation
B)Model formulation
C)Documentation
D)Validation
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Chapter 28: Learning Curves
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Q1) Weston,Inc.,produces widgets.To manufacture a new type of widget,it took 25 iterations before the process reached a steady state of 19 hours.If Weston has a 94% learning rate,use the logarithmic approach to calculate the time it took to manufacture the first widget.
A)25.32 hours
B)26.88 hours
C)24.35 hours
D)24.16 hours
Q2) Weston,Inc.,produces widgets.To manufacture a new type of widget,it took 25 iterations before the process reached a steady state of 32 hours.If Weston has an 83% learning rate,use the logarithmic approach to calculate the time it took to manufacture the first widget.
A)76.02 hours
B)76.72 hours
C)76.07 hours
D)73.53 hours
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Chapter 29: Decision-Making Tools
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Q1) Refer to the data on Expected Demand for Weston Gadgets,Inc.For the various demand scenarios and their associated probabilities,which of the following decision alternatives has the maximum expected value?
A)Build capacity
B)Do nothing
C)Outsource
D)either Do nothing or Outsource
Q2) Refer to the data on Expected Demand for Acme Widgets.Based on the Hurwicz criterion,what is the payoff for the "build capacity" option if you used the coefficient of realism of 0.6?
A)$54.80 million
B)$16.44 million
C)$32.65 million
D)$33.42 million
Q3) In Hurwicz criterion,the coefficient is often called the ______.
A)coefficient of realism
B)coefficient of pessimism
C)coefficient of payoff
D)coefficient of regret
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