Operations Research
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Course Introduction
Operations Research is a discipline that applies advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions and solve complex problems within organizations. This course covers fundamental topics such as linear programming, network optimization, integer and nonlinear programming, simulation, and decision analysis. Students will learn to model real-world systems, analyze alternatives using quantitative techniques, and employ computer software to support analysis and recommendations. Emphasis is placed on the application of these methods in logistics, manufacturing, service operations, and management, providing students with practical skills to approach resource allocation, scheduling, and operational efficiency challenges.
Recommended Textbook Business Research Methods 12th Edition by
Donald R. Cooper
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Research in Business
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Q1) Which of the following is pure research rather than applied research?
A) Sleep duration, as impacting work efficiency.
B) Disruption of cognitive ability under stress.
C) The relationship between leadership traits and corporate success.
D) Work towards the discovery of a possible new element.
E) Comparing brand logos after a change.
Answer: D
Q2) What type of research do trade associations generally conduct?
A) Basic research
B) Practical research
C) Applied research
D) Ad hoc research
E) All of the above
Answer: A
Q3) What is the difference between applied research and basic research?
Answer: Applied research is research that has a practical problem-solving emphasis and is conducted to reveal answers to specific questions related to action,performance,or policy needs.Basic research is designed to solve problems of a theoretical nature with little direct impact on strategic or tactical decisions.
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Business Research
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Q1) Which of the following is necessary for a code of ethics to be effective?
A) Regulative nature
B) Protective of public interest
C) Enforceable
D) Behavior-specific
E) Protective of the interests of the profession
Answer: C
Q2) Anne is introducing a group of research participants to the study at hand.To ensure adequate oral consent,she should include all of the following components in her introduction except _____.
A) research organization
B) promise of anonymity and confidentiality
C) sponsoring organization
D) purpose of the research
E) estimate of when the research study will be published
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Thinking Like a Researcher
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Q1) A variable that is assumed or excluded from a research study is a(n)_____ variable.
A) criterion
B) predictor
C) mediator
D) moderator
E) extraneous
Answer: E
Q2) Which form of argument presents a conclusion based on reasons or proof?
A) Induction
B) Deduction
C) Logic
D) Philosophy
E) Exposition
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: The Research Process: an Overview
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Q1) Which term below refers to a criterion for judging the attractiveness of two or more alternatives when using a decision variable?
A) Decision theory
B) Decision rule
C) Ex post facto evaluation
D) Choice theory
E) Success probability
Q2) The target population ...
A) is identical to the sample population
B) is smaller in size than the sample population
C) must be defined before research begins
D) must be able to be captured in a sample frame
E) none of the above
Q3) To satisfactorily answer a research question,researchers must first answer _____ questions.
A) management
B) investigative
C) measurement
D) dilemma
E) deductive
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Chapter 5: Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary
Data and Exploration
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Q1) Micah is reviewing encyclopedia entries,textbooks,handbooks,and magazine and newspaper articles to gather information for her project.These are all examples of _____ sources of information.
A) secondary
B) primary
C) tertiary
D) statistical
E) external
Q2) In evaluating a secondary source,identifying the ______ allows you to verify the credibility of the author of the source.
A) Purpose
B) Scope
C) Authority
D) Audience
E) Format
Q3) What are the five factors a manager should consider when evaluating an information source? Explain each one.
Q4) What are the three levels of information? Provide examples for each level.
Q5) Explain the steps involved in the data mining process.
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Chapter 6: Research Design: An Overview
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Q1) Which of the following is a type of monitoring study?
A) Telephone interview
B) Counting cars in a parking lot
C) Mall-intercept interview
D) E-mail survey
E) All of the above
Q2) A simulation is a study that is designed to _____.
A) occur under actual environmental conditions
B) imitate reality
C) facilitate measurement
D) control all possible variables
E) all of the above
Q3) Secondary data analysis related to business research should start with
A) A literature search of published documents by authors outside the organization
B) Reports of prior research done by the organization
C) Data mining of an organization's data warehouse
D) Industry catalogs, subject guides, and electronic sources
E) None of the above
Q4) Compare and contrast the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
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Chapter 7: Qualitative Research
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Q1) Explain the three types of nonprobability sampling techniques commonly used to select samples for qualitative research studies.
Q2) Research on service quality frequently uses a technique called _____ in which the participant describes what led up to an incident,what was effective or ineffective,and the outcome.
A) life histories
B) cultural interviews
C) sequential interviewing
D) critical incident technique
E) oral history
Q3) The focus group moderator uses the principles of _____ to focus the group in an exchange of ideas,feelings,and experiences on a specific topic.
A) psychology
B) sociology
C) anthropology
D) group dynamics
E) communications
Q4) How can researchers increase the confidence business decision makers have in qualitative data?
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Chapter 8: Observation Studies
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Q1) When Katie Couric interviews guests on her talk show,she tends to interrupt their answers.Which dimension of extralinguistic activity is reflected in her behavior?
A) Vocal
B) Temporal
C) Interaction
D) Verbal stylistic
E) Spatial
Q2) Which of the following attributes must be identified using inferential observation?
A) Selling points presented
B) Length of sales meeting
C) Time and day of week
D) Salesperson credibility
E) Customer purchase decision
Q3) Research designs are classified as communication or observation by the approach used to gather primary data.Identify five conditions under which observation is an appropriate method for data collection.
Q4) Discuss the strengths and limitations of observation as a data collection method.
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Chapter 9: Experiments
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Q1) The use of a replication in experimentation _____.
A) provides for the manipulation of the IV
B) serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation
C) minimizes the cost of experimentation
D) allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations
E) increases generalizability of results
Q2) Which research design listed below is most appropriate for establishing causality?
A) Focus group
B) Individual depth interview
C) Experiment
D) Survey
E) Behavioral observation
Q3) Which of the following is a threat to a researcher's ability to generalize the results of an experiment?
A) Artificiality of a laboratory
B) Use of a field setting
C) Use of a probability sample
D) Control of extraneous variables
E) All of the above
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Chapter 10: Surveys
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Q1) Surveys conducted via the Internet reduce costs by eliminating the costs associated with _____.
A) interviewers
B) postage
C) data entry
D) printing
E) all of the above
Q2) Which limitation listed below can be overcome by the use of random digit dialing in telephone surveys?
A) Inaccessible households
B) Inaccurate or private listings in the telephone book
C) Limited interview length
D) Ease of interview termination
E) Low participant involvement
Q3) The survey mode with the greatest perceived anonymity is the _____.
A) electronic mail (e-mail) survey
B) mail survey
C) telephone survey
D) person-administered survey
E) intercept survey
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Chapter 11: Measurement
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Q1) _____ describes how scores cluster or scatter in a distribution.
A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Dispersion
E) Range
Q2) The New York Times Dining Section rates the restaurants it reviews using a system such that one star means good,two stars means very good,three stars means excellent,and four stars means extraordinary.Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by this rating scheme?
A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity
Q3) Explain the three characteristics of a good measurement tool.
Q4) Name the four sources of error in measurement and provide an example for each.
Q5) What are the four characteristics of mapping rules? Which of the four types of data corresponds with the possible combinations of these characteristics? Provide an example for each.
13
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Chapter 12: Measurement Scales
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Q1) All forms of ranking scales result in _____ data.
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio
E) absolute
Q2) I turn my cellular telephone off when dining in restaurants.What is the basis of the attitude reflected in this statement?
A) Cognitive
B) Affective
C) Conative
D) Centrality
E) Peripheral
Q3) A scalogram analysis should be used with which of the following scale types.
A) Dichotomous scale
B) Multiple choice-single response scale
C) Cumulative scale
D) Constant-sum scale
E) Graphical rating scale
Q4) Explain the three bases for attitudes.Provide an example for each one.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Questionnaires and Instruments
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Q1) A survey of preferences among frequent air travelers will be conducted at airports nationwide.Prior to asking target questions regarding respondent preferences,which of the following should occur?
A) Screen questions should ensure that participants are frequent air travelers
B) Socio-economic questions should be asked
C) Questions about terrorist concerns should be asked
D) Branching questions can distinguish between frequent air travelers and less frequent travelers
E) Free-response questions should be asked
Q2) When developing a questionnaire,if the researcher is asking him/herself if the word means what he/she intended; if it has any other meanings; if the word has more than one pronunciation; or if a simpler phrase is suggested then,he/she is probably concerned with _____.
A) avoiding leading questions
B) avoiding double-barreled questions
C) choosing shared vocabulary
D) personalizing the questionnaire
E) providing a frame of reference
Q3) What are the steps in drafting and refining a survey instrument?
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Chapter 14: Sampling
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Q1) What is the standard error of the mean in the lakefront resort example?
A) .5
B) .065
C) .96
D) .13
E) 1.96
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to the variation in measures due to some known or unknown influence that causes the scores to skew in one direction or another?
A) Precision
B) Standard error
C) Systematic variance
D) Sampling error
E) Random error
Q3) In calculations of sample size for proportions,q refers to the _____.
A) calculated sample size
B) quota of required completes to refusals
C) the proportion of the population that does not have the attribute of interest
D) the proportion of the population that does have the attribute of interest
E) the desired precision
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Chapter 15: Data Preparation and Description
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Q1) Sam's Club installed self-checkout stations that can track not only member's purchases but also packaging problems,as the system uses universal product codes to match the item the shopper has in their cart with its price and inventory level in the store,generating a spreadsheet style report for the researcher.If you consider the scanner as the tool for collecting data for Sam's researchers,they are doing data entry by ____.
A) Spreadsheet
B) Optical Character Recognition
C) Field editing
D) Voice Recognition
E) None of the above
Q2) Which of the following can be determined using a frequency distribution?
A) How close a sample comes to the null hypothesis
B) How does one variable, X, relate another variable, Y
C) Whether a systematic association exist between two variables
D) The shape of the variable's distribution
E) The systematic variance associated with the sample
Q3) What is meant by stemming,aliasing,and the use of exclusion filters in content analysis software applications?
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Chapter 16: Exploring,Displaying,and Examining Data
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Q1) Which type of display represents frequency data as a bar chart,ordered from most to least,overlayed with a line graph denoting the cumulative percentage at each variable level?
A) Stem-and-leaf display
B) Histogram
C) Pareto diagram
D) Pie chart
E) Line graph
Q2) Data analysis is _____ when patterns in the collected data guide the data analysis or suggest revisions to the preliminary data analysis plan.
A) confirmatory
B) descriptive
C) exploratory
D) conclusive
E) forensic
Q3) What advantages do stem-and-leaf displays provide over histograms?
Q4) Explain how to develop a stem-and-leaf display.
Q5) What can a researcher determine through the use of cross-tabulations?
Q6) Explain why percentage decreases can never exceed 100%.
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Chapter 17: Hypothesis Testing
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Q1) A researcher should consider answers to all of the following questions except _____ when selecting a particular test of significance.
A) how many samples are involved in the test?
B) are the samples related?
C) what type of data is involved?
D) what is the level of significance?
E) all of the above should be addressed
Q2) Under which of the following conditions must the null hypothesis be rejected?
A) p value <
B) p value >
C) p value =
D) p value cannot be determined
E) p value is unrelated to hypothesis testing
Q3) List the six-stage sequence for testing statistical significance.
Q4) ANOVA can be used as a parametric test of _____.
A) one sample
B) two-related samples
C) two-unrelated samples
D) k-independent samples
E) all of the above
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Chapter 18: Measures of Association
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Q1) Artifact correlations describe a situation ______.
A) to be welcomed
B) where correlation calculations for two separate subsets of the data show correlation differences that are masked by combining the data
C) where the data are related but represented by a nonlinear function
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
Q2) In bivariate regression,which statement is true concerning the coefficient of determination,r<sup>2</sup>?
A) r<sup>2</sup> is the square of the simple correlation coefficient obtained by correlating the two variables
B) r<sup>2</sup> varies between 0 and 1
C) r<sup>2</sup> signifies the proportion of the total variation in Y accounted for by the variation in X
D) all of the above E) none of the above
Q3) Briefly explain how an analyst should interpret the r<sup>2</sup> value in a regression analysis.
Q4) Explain how a researcher should interpret a correlation coefficient.
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Chapter 19: Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports
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Q1) According to a recent poll on the Prevention magazine website: 56% reported that their doctor never discusses weight.
30% indicated that their doctor discussed weight issues but only if they brought the topic up first.
14% reported that weight is not an issue for them.
The Prevention magazine survey results are presented using _____ to present the statistics.
A) text presentation
B) semitabular form
C) tables
D) graphics
E) allegory
Q2) Which section of a written technical report includes discussion of sampling design,research design,and data collection procedures?
A) Introduction
B) Background
C) Methodology
D) Appendix
E) Findings
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Chapter 20: Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral
Presentations
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Q1) What are the three types of learners?
A) Learners in small, large, and research presentation audiences
B) Visual, auditory, and media-savvy
C) Rule of thirds-type learners
D) Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic
Q2) A flow aid is used _____.
A) to advance a story
B) to plan an oral research report
C) to serve as an example
D) to establish associations or correlations between key findings
E) None of the above
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a mode of delivery?
A) Persuasive speaking
B) Manuscript reading
C) Impromptu speaking
D) Extemporaneous presentation
E) Memorization
Q4) Provide some advice for an inexperienced speaker who is preparing to make an oral presentation.
Q5) What are three ways to keep your audience from "checking out?"
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Chapter 21: Appendix 1A: How the Industry Works
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Q1) When a business research firm provides both quantitative and qualitative methodology expertise and conducts all phases of research from planning to execution and reporting,the firm is considered a(n)_____ firm.
A) internal
B) interactive
C) proprietary
D) omnibus
E) full-service
Q2) What type of research firm dominates the small research firms operated by a single person or a small staff?
A) Proprietary
B) Syndicated
C) Full-service
D) Specialty
E) Internal
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Chapter 22: Appendix 5A and 5B: Bibliographic Database
Searchers and Advanced Searches
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Q1) A URL is?
A) Unique Remote Location where a data mart is located
B) An unauthorized Internet user
C) Internet address where a document, database, or image is located
D) Internet dedicated client server station
Q2) All of the following are popular bibliographic databases used by business researchers except _____.
A) ABI/Inform
B) Business Source
C) InfoTrac
D) Dow Jones Interactive
E) Lexis-Nexis
Q3) You have learned that there is a magazine published under the title,Journal of Accounting Research.You go to your library and find they do not have it.Which of the following would be most helpful to you in this situation?
A) Ayer's Directory of Publications
B) Coman's Sources of Business Information
C) Union List of Serials
D) Library of Congress Subject Catalog
24
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Chapter 23: Appendix 9B: Test Markets
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Q1) Burger King is examining the sales potential for a new burger,the Western Angus Ranch burger,by offering the product for sale at 10 randomly selected Burger King locations.Burger King is using a(n)_____ to test the potential for this product.
A) static group comparison
B) standard test market
C) electronic test market
D) controlled test market
E) simulated test market
Q2) A _____ is a controlled experiment conducted in a carefully chosen marketplace to measure and predict sales or profitability of a product.
A) pretest-posttest control group
B) test market
C) simulation
D) replication
E) research and development test
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Chapter 24: Appendix: Multivariate Supplement
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Q1) Structural equation modeling (SEM)relies upon _____ to present predictive and associative relationships among constructs and indicators in a model.
A) scatterplots
B) path diagrams
C) boxplots
D) pie charts
E) Pareto diagrams
Q2) Which of the following statements is not true about factor rotation?
A) Through rotation, the factor matrix is transformed into a simpler one that is easier to interpret
B) Rotation affects the communalities and the percentage of total variance explained
C) Preferably, variables should load on only one factor
D) Different rotation methods may identify different factors
E) One rotation method is varimax
Q3) List the five steps that are basic to most cluster studies.
Q4) Explain when and how a researcher would go about conducting a factor analysis.
Q5) List and explain the five steps researchers take when using structural equation modeling.
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