Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course examines the dynamic interactions between the ocean and atmosphere, exploring the physical, chemical, and biological processes that govern their exchange of energy, gases, and momentum. Topics include the physics of air-sea interface, oceanic and atmospheric circulation, climate variability phenomena such as El Niño and the Southern Oscillation, and the roles of ocean-atmosphere feedbacks in global climate systems. Students will develop an understanding of how these interactions affect weather, climate, marine ecosystems, and the implications for climate change projections and environmental management.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Oceanography 9th Edition by Alan P. Trujillo
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15 Chapters
676 Verified Questions
676 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Planet Earth
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Sample Questions
Q1) One distinction between an "ocean" and a "sea" is that a sea:
A)All of the above are correct.
B)Is composed of salt water.
C)Is smaller than an ocean.
D)May be enclosed by either land or ocean currents.
E)Contains more shallow water.
Answer: E
Q2) The nebular hypothesis suggest that:
A)Earth's moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity.
B)galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another.
C)the Earth was formed a cosmic explosion,a "big bang".
D)the moon is derived from a protoplanet.
E)all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud.
Answer: A
Q3) The Earth's crust solidified around 4.5 billion years ago.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
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32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The seafloor magnetic pattern is be best described as:
A)not related to the location of oceanic ridges.
B)parallel to and symmetric about ocean ridges.
C)parallel to,but not symmetric about ocean ridges.
D)perpendicular to and symmetric about ocean ridges.
E)perpendicular to,but not symmetric about ocean ridges.
Answer: B
Q2) Fossils found in sediments can be used to:
A)indicate the relative age of the sediments.
B)provide evidence for plate movement.
C)suggest ancient climate characteristics.
D)support the idea that land masses were joined.
E)all of the above.
Answer: E
Q3) At divergent plate boundaries,only shallow focus earthquakes can be found.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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4
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
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43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Old lithosphere is destroyed in association with:
A)deep-sea trenches
B)fracture zones
C)hydrothermal vents
D)mid-ocean ridges
E)spreading centers.
Answer: A
Q2) oceanic ridge
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E
F)F
G)G
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Marine Sediments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sediments derived form preexisting rocks are called:
A)cosmogenous.
B)biogenous.
C)hydrogenous.
D)lithogenous.
E)volcagenic.
Q2) Radiolarian oozes form near the equator.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Wentworth scale is used to arrange the amount of sorting in a sediment deposit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not an important control on oceanic sediment accumulation?
A)degree of preservation
B)dilution
C)input from other sediment types
D)rate of deposition
E)All of the above factors are important.
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Chapter 5: Water and Seawater
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35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some insects can glide across the surface of water due to water's:
A)capillarity.
B)hydrogen bonds.
C)polarity.
D)surface tension.
E)viscosity.
Q2) The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the:
A)closed cycle.
B)geologic cycle.
C)hydrobiological cycle.
D)hydrologic cycle.
E)meteorological cycle.
Q3) Latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent heat of sublimation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Air-Sea Interface
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Sample Questions
Q1) Concerned individuals can reduce their personal contribution to greenhouse gas emissions by doing all of the following except:
A)install low flow plumbing fixtures.
B)planting trees and increasing green space areas.
C)purchase recycled products.
D)reducing the area covered by pavement or structures (houses,garages,pools,decks,etc)in urban and suburban areas.
E)use of compact fluorescent light bulbs in place of incandescent bulbs.
Q2) An iceberg is a variety of sea ice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A maritime tropical air mass is likely to be:
A)dry and cold.
B)dry and warm.
C)wet and cold.
D)wet and the same temperature.
E)wet and warm.
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Chapter 7: Ocean Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface to the bottom is:
A)Antarctic Bottom Water,Antarctic Intermediate Water,North Atlantic Deep Water.
B)Antarctic Intermediate Water,Antarctic Bottom Water,North Atlantic Deep Water.
C)Antarctic Intermediate Water,North Atlantic Deep Water,Antarctic Bottom Water.
D)North Atlantic Deep Water,Antarctic Bottom Water,Antarctic Intermediate Water.
E)North Atlantic Deep Water,Antarctic Intermediate Water,Antarctic Bottom Water.
Q2) Downwelling may be the result of winds blowing parallel to a coastline.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the North Atlantic gyre,the body of water is called a:
A)cold core ring.
B)cyclonic circulation.
C)geostrophic circulation.
D)Langmuir cell.
E)warm core ring.
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Chapter 8: Waves and Water Dynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A shallow water wave must form in water depth less than 100 meters.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The height of a wave depends upon
A)fetch.
B)fetch and wind speed.
C)fetch,wind duration,and wind speed.
D)wind duration.
E)wind duration and wind speed.
Q3) Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called:
A)gravity waves.
B)plunging breakers.
C)spilling breakers.
D)surf.
E)swells.
Q4) Internal waves have never been directly observed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Tides
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sun and the moon have relatively equal tide-generating forces on earth.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A neap tide has:
A)moderately high tidal range.
B)moderately low tidal range.
C)no tidal range.
D)very high tidal range.
E)very low tidal range.
Q3) A spring tide:
A)has moderate high and low tides.
B)occurs at a blue moon.
C)occurs at the vernal equinox.
D)has very high high tides and very low low tides
E)has very little difference between high and low tides.
Q4) The tide-generating force is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of erosion protection from wave action,seawalls:
A)are cost effective.
B)are ineffective.
C)are moderately effective.
D)are very effective.
E)require very little maintenance.
Q2) Eustatic changes in sea level refer to changes in the volume of seawater or changes in the volume of the ocean basin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The area of the barrier island complex that would contain thickets and woodlands would be the:
A)barrier flat.
B)dune.
C)high marsh.
D)lagoon.
E)low marsh.
Q4) The longshore current is caused by waves striking the beach at an angle.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Coastal Oceans
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Sample Questions
Q1) Estuarine circulation associated with a shallow,low-volume estuary in which river water mixes evenly at all depths with ocean water would be called a:
A)highly stratified estuary.
B)salt wedge estuary.
C)slightly stratified estuary.
D)tectonic estuary.
E)vertically mixed estuary.
Q2) Mediterranean Sea water has little impact on the waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Coastal wetlands are characterized by:
A)high levels of inorganic nutrients in the tidal zone and oxygen-rich sediments
B)high levels of organic nutrients in the tidal zone and anoxic sediments.
C)high levels of organic nutrients in the tidal zone and oxygen-rich sediments.
D)low levels of inorganic nutrients in the tidal zone and anoxic sediments.
E)low levels of organic nutrients in the tidal zone and oxygen-rich sediments.
Q4) Minamata disease was caused by mercury contamination.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Marine Life and the Marine Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Zonation of benthic organisms includes all of the following except the:
A)abyssal zone.
B)bathyl zone.
C)hadal zone.
D)neritic zone.
E)subtidal zone.
Q2) A common body shape that streamlines an organism in the marine environment is a flattened body that:
A)has a wide,blunt end.
B)tapers at the anterior end.
C)tapers at the dorsal surface.
D)tapers at the posterior end.
E)tapers at the ventral surface.
Q3) The majority of marine species are pelagic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The deep scattering layer is produced by masses of migrating phytoplankton.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low,which of the following tropical locations have unusually high primary productivity rates?
A)coastal upwelling zones
B)coral reefs
C)equatorial upwelling zones
D)mangrove swamps
E)All of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity.
Q2) Productivity in polar oceans is:
A)light-limited.
B)nutrient-limited.
C)oxygen-limited.
D)light and nutrient-limited.
E)nutrient and oxygen-limited.
Q3) The percentage of biomass regularly recycled in the euphotic zone is about:
A)1 %.
B)10%
C)30%
D)50%
E)90%.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as: A)forked.
B)heterocercal.
C)lunate.
D)rounded.
E)truncate.
Q2) The caudal fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is: A)forked.
B)heterocercal.
C)lunate.
D)rounded.
E)truncate.
Q3) The humpback and other baleen whales migrate every year to:
A)feed in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the winter.
B)feed in the tropics during the summer.
C)feed in the tropics during the winter.
D)mate and give birth in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the summer.
E)mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter.
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Chapter 15: Animals of the Benthic Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Subduction zone seeps support communities from:
A)hydrocarbon-rich waters.
B)hydrothermal waters.
C)inorganic nutrient rich waters.
D)oxygen-rich waters.
E)sulfur and methane-rich sedimentary waters.
Q2) The low-water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by:
A)hermit crabs.
B)fiddler crabs.
C)limpets.
D)Mussels.
E)seaweeds and surf grasses.
Q3) The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is:
A)attachment to the substrate.
B)burrowing into the sediment.
C)flattened body shape.
D)sessile lifestyle.
E)swimming.
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