Nursing Trends and Issues
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Trends and Issues explores current and emerging developments that impact the nursing profession and healthcare delivery. The course examines topics such as healthcare policy, technological advancements, workforce challenges, ethical and legal issues, diversity and cultural competence, and global influences on nursing practice. Students analyze case studies and research to understand how contemporary trends shape nursing roles, patient care, and collaborative practice, preparing them to respond effectively to ongoing changes within the healthcare system.
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Nursing Today Transition and Trends 9th Edition by
JoAnn Zerwekh
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Chapter 1: Role Transitions
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Q1) A student nurse is interested in improving his/her nursing skills.What action would be the best for the student nurse to take?
A)Ask his/her instructor for extra skills practice during clinical hours.
B)Watch videos on how to perform the nursing skills that he/she needs to practice.
C)Review his/her nursing textbooks.
D)Observe nurses perform skills in his/her clinical setting.
Answer: A
Q2) The new graduate has an understanding of the nursing journey ahead when stating A)"It is not acceptable for me to make any mistakes at all."
B)"I am not worried about issues with transition.I am tough.I will do just fine!"
C)"I know that I will make some mistakes,but I will learn and grow from them."
D)"I am going to keep studying so that I am always right."
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Personal Management: Time and Self-Care Strategies
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Q1) Which of the following statements by the nursing student is an affirmation?
A)"I must maintain As in my school grades."
B)"I am human and capable of making mistakes."
C)"If I fail at something,the results will be catastrophic."
D)"If I am not liked by everyone,I am a failure."
Answer: B
Q2) A student wants to begin planning for future educational goals.Which of the following actions would NOT help the student plan?
A)Review a list of goals once a year.
B)Make a master list of goals.
C)Prioritize goals.
D)Cross out goals as they are met.
Answer: A
Q3) How can the student nurse increase studying efficiency?
A)Maintaining a supply of simple carbohydrates for a quick energy spurt
B)Alternating mental and physical activities to increase productivity
C)Working nonstop without breaks to focus concentration
D)Delegating tasks of household chores to family members
Answer: B
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Mentorship, Preceptorship, and Nurse Residency Programs
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Q1) The nurse professor is lecturing to students in their final semester of nursing school.Which statement by the nurse professor about mentoring is accurate?
A)"Mentoring involves solving an individual's problems."
B)"Mentoring focuses on the needs of someone else."
C)"Mentoring means helping someone reach his or her long-term goals."
D)"Mentoring requires pairing an experienced person with a novice."
Answer: B
Q2) A nursing student is meeting with a possible mentor for the last semester of nursing school.Which of the following questions would be most appropriate for the student to ask?
A)"Do you like working on this unit?"
B)"Do you like your coworkers?"
C)"How are things going today?"
D)"What kinds of problems are you having?"
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Employment Considerations: Opportunities,
Resumes, and Interviewing
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Q1) The knowledgeable nurse can list which strategy as one that will foster a successful interview?
A)Demonstrate interest in what the interviewer has to say.
B)Exercise the option to disagree with the interviewer.
C)Check off on a list when each item is covered by the interviewer.
D)Answer questions with as much detail as possible.
Q2) Which of the following actions should the graduate nurse take to ensure a great first impression?
A)Arrive at the interview right on time.
B)Establish eye contact during the interview.
C)Minimize distracting nervous mannerisms.
D)Show enthusiasm and body language.
E)Smile when introduced.
Q3) Which of the following assignments should the new nurse question before accepting?
A)A 38-year-old man with cellulitis of the right arm
B)A 25-year-old woman with a left femur fracture
C)A charge nurse over the unit for the day
D)A 50-year-old man with right hip replacement
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Nclex-Rn and the New Graduate
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Q1) To adequately prepare for the NCLEX-RN,which action by the graduate nurse is advised?
A)Begin planning early at least 6 months ahead.
B)Begin planning no more than 3 months ahead.
C)Wait for the state board of nursing to contact the applicant about filing deadlines.
D)Call the state board of nursing every week to set up a testing time.
Q2) What type of nursing position would most likely provide experience in the types of nursing situations upon which the NCLEX questions are based?
A)Home care nurse
B)Psychiatric staff nurse
C)Staff nurse in an ambulatory pediatric clinic
D)Staff nurse in a medical-surgical inpatient unit
Q3) Which statement indicates the graduate nurse's understanding of the process at the NCLEX testing site?
A)"I will be photographed and have a palm vein scan."
B)"I will be placed in a locked testing cubicle."
C)"I will answer 300 test questions."
D)"I will be given some questions as a paper-and-pencil test."
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Chapter 6: Historical Perspectives: Influences on the
Present
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of advocacy by the nurse?
A)Refusing to give a patient a medication because it contradicts the nurse's beliefs
B)Questioning a doctor's order that appears unsafe
C)Giving a patient medication against his/her wishes because the nurse believes it to be in the best interest of the patient
D)Giving out the patient's health information to a questioning family member
Q2) The nursing student has an adequate grasp of nursing history when stating that after the fall of the Roman Empire,the knowledge of health practice was primarily preserved by
A)English monks in cloistered buildings.
B)Jewish physicians who could translate into Latin.
C)Roman priests who practiced medicine.
D)Fortuna,who practiced midwifery.
Q3) What was the description of a nurse in the medieval times during the Holy Wars?
A)A woman who had been specially trained by a magician
B)A man who was committed to following his Lord into battle
C)A man who had training to care for a wounded knight
D)A woman who had studied with an older nurse
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Chapter 7: Nursing Education
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Q1) A master's degree in nursing differs from a generic nursing degree in what way? A master's degree in nursing
A)requires a level of specialization to be selected.
B)prepares the nurse for nursing administration.
C)increases the authority and responsibilities of the nurse.
D)enables the nurse to become a nurse educator.
Q2) The student nurse interprets which characteristic as one of graduates from a diploma school of nursing?
A)They have obtained a general education in nursing theory and sciences that can be applied toward an advanced degree.
B)They are well prepared to function in the institution in which the school is located.
C)Advanced courses in nursing management and leadership apply to advanced degrees in nursing.
D)They are prepared to practice in advanced nursing clinical situations.
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Chapter 8: Nursing Theory
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Q1) The overall theme of Nightingale's theory was that the person's health is influenced by the environment.Which of the following actions by Nightingale support this theme?
A)Fed the soldiers healthy food
B)Used poor sanitation in caring for the soldiers
C)Forced to use unclean water in caring for soldiers
D)Shared supplies among soldiers to save money
Q2) A middle-aged patient has experienced a myocardial infarction that has significantly limited activities and lifestyle.The patient is exercising and working with a nurse in the cardiac rehabilitation program.This is an example of the implementation of what nursing theory?
A)Martha Rogers' examination of the phenomena of energy fields
B)Dorothy Orem's interwoven theories of self-care,self-care deficit,and nursing care
C)Dorothy Johnson's theme that the person is a behavior system and is orderly and balanced
D)Sister Callista Roy's theme of coping and adaptation to stimuli and stressors
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Chapter 9: Image of Nursing: Influences on the Present
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Q1) The nurse understands the importance of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)of 1974 when stating which of the following?
A)"It provided a standard of practice for nursing."
B)"It allowed professional nursing organizations to act as unions on behalf of member nurses."
C)"It established the framework for political action in legislative activities."
D)"It financially supports research in nursing and education."
Q2) What action can each nurse take to improve the image of nursing during his or her career?
A)Provide public education on what nurses really do.
B)Ignore the negative image of nurses.
C)Contribute to the negative image of nurses.
D)Remain silent when someone speaks negatively of nursing.
Q3) Which action would be consistent with the American Red Cross volunteer nurse?
A)Provide staffing for a local hospital.
B)Provide assistance after a tornado.
C)Teach first aid to a group of Girl Scouts.
D)Deliver clothing to flood victims.
E)Educate volunteers to assist in a local hospital.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Nursing Management and Leadership
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Q1) A nurse wants to implement a change in the work environment.Which of the following actions would be the most important thing to do?
A)Ask for suggestions from peers working in other institutions.
B)Explain to coworkers how a different plan would work better.
C)Seek input from coworkers from the beginning.
D)Incorporate all suggestions into the plan before implementing.
Q2) Which of the following actions is consistent with a manager?
A)Planning the agenda for a staff meeting
B)Directing nurse assistants in how to divide up patient-care assignments
C)Organizing a group of nurses to present a topic at a staff meeting
D)Giving blood at the local hospital blood drive
E)Assume control of the guidelines for how hourly rounding will work on the unit
Q3) What action would be an appropriate first step for the nurse to take toward becoming an effective manager?
A)Learn how to effect and direct the change process.
B)Assess individuals' sources of power.
C)Develop communication and interpersonal skills.
D)Implement effective nursing care plans.
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Chapter 11: Building Nursing Management Skills
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Q1) The nurse is receiving a phone order from a health care provider.How will the nurse make sure that the provider's order is received without error?
A)Advise the health care provider that the order must be written on the chart within the next 24 hours.
B)Ask the nurse in charge to come to the phone to take the order.
C)Write the order without using any unclear or unapproved abbreviations.
D)Repeat the order,write the order verbatim,and read it back to the provider.
Q2) The nurse manager is updating unit staff on findings by The Joint Commission.Which of the following statements shows an understanding of untoward events in the hospital setting? The primary cause of untoward events is
A)"unclear,ineffective communication."
B)"unclear chain of communication for reporting."
C)"ineffective reporting of the untoward event."
D)"lack of consistent supervision of nursing staff."
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Chapter 12: Effective Communication, Team Building, and
Inter-professional Practice
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Q1) A nurse manager is delegating a task to another nurse.Which of the following action(s)would help the manager effectively communication with the nurse?
A)Get the full attention of the nurse.
B)Ask the nurse to repeat back what he or she heard.
C)Believe the nurse has understood if there are no questions.
D)Give clear,simple instructions.
E)Give instructions while multitasking.
Q2) A member of a nursing committee frequently disregards the rules of the group and feels that the rules do not apply to the member personally.The president of the committee recognizes this person as a
A)critical conservative.
B)motor mouth.
C)self-server.
D)mouse.
Q3) The nurse interprets assertive behavior as A)apologetic.
B)coercive.
C)direct.
D)self-denying.
14
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Chapter 13: Conflict Management
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Q1) On the unit in which you work,one nurse's aide is usually pleasant and helpful;the other is often abrasive and angry.What is the most important basic guideline to be observed by a nurse who must resolve a conflict between the two nurse's aides?
A)Deal with issues,not personalities.
B)Require the aides to reach a compromise.
C)Weigh the consequences of each possible solution.
D)Encourage ventilation of anger and use humor to minimize the conflict.
Q2) A nurse feels angry over a patient assignment and feels that assignments always include the "bad ones." What is the best way to control this anger?
A)Ignore the negative feelings.
B)Talk about the charge nurse in order to vent.
C)Face this anger and determine what is being felt.
D)Refuse to speak to any coworkers for fear of lashing out.
Q3) What are some positive results that can come from conflict?
A)Disturbing issues are brought out,which may lead to more serious conflict.
B)Group cohesiveness may increase as individuals resolve issues.
C)Results of conflict can be constructive.
D)Groups can learn from each other.
E)Talking about issues can avert serious conflict.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Delegation in the Clinical Setting
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Q1) A day shift nurse has come into work and notices that the glucometers were not tested overnight as they typically are.What is the best way for the nurse to question the nurse assistant in order to give feedback?
A)"Why didn't you test the glucometers?"
B)"What did you do last night?"
C)"How was your night? I noticed the glucometers weren't tested."
D)"Couldn't you have asked one of the nurses to check the glucometers if you were busy?"
Q2) Which actions by the nurse show an understanding of what the nurse is accountable for?
A)Assessing patients according to priority
B)Determining the need to delegate a task to a nursing assistant
C)Deciding that the nursing assistant is competent to perform the task delegated
D)Following up to determine completion of the task that was delegated
E)Delegating assessments of low-acuity patients to the nursing assistant
Q3) Which task could a staff nurse delegate to a certified nursing assistant (CNA)?
A)Evaluating a patient's response to pain
B)Making rounds with a physician
C)Feeding a stroke patient who has minimal dysphagia
D)Assessing a patient's central venous line site
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Chapter 15: The Health Care Organization and Patterns of
Nursing Care Delivery
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Q1) Which actions can the hospital administrator take to reduce health care costs?
A)Hire case managers to see all patients who have extensive medical needs.
B)Reduce the number of patients the hospital can accommodate.
C)Ensure that appropriate staff is available.
D)Encourage the use of evidence-based practice.
E)Accept only patients with health insurance.
Q2) Which statement is true about case management?
A)It helps clients achieve goals effectively and efficiently.
B)It is used to reduce resource utilization only.
C)To be effective,it requires case managers to provide direct patient care.
D)It eliminates the need for other caregivers (LPNs,LVNs,nursing assistants).
Q3) The nurse understands cost containment when stating which of the following? Major elements of the law that support cost containment include
A)"increased governmental regulation of insurers."
B)"less use of technology."
C)"increasing incentives for coordination of care."
D)"emphasis on physician-centered care."
E)"decreasing consumer out-of-pocket costs."
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Chapter 16: Economics in the Health Care Delivery System
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Q1) The nurse would identify which of the following as an example of a strategy that represents fiscally responsible clinical nursing practice?
A)Begin discharge planning as soon as it is evident when a patient will be discharged.
B)Encourage patients to consider being admitted the evening before a major surgical procedure.
C)Use unlicensed personnel as much as possible in the delivery of nursing care.
D)Accurately document the current status of a patient with regard to the patient's ongoing needs.
Q2) A nurse is educating a group of students about health care economics.Which statement would the students make if the teaching were effective?
A)"Extrinsic factors include the cost of prescription drugs."
B)"Extrinsic factors include the age of the population."
C)"Extrinsic factors include the demand for health care."
D)"Extrinsic factors include employer-paid health insurance."
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Chapter 17: Political Action in Nursing
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Q1) The state nurses association writes a new version of the Nurse Practice Act,secures a sponsor in the legislature,and lobbies legislators to adopt the bill.Which of the laws of power would the nurse label this situation?
A)Power is invariably personal.
B)Power invariably fills any vacuum.
C)Power is exercised through and depends on institutions.
D)Power is best exercised via large financial donations to individual legislators.
Q2) How would a nurse determine the political views regarding health care issues of individuals who are running for public office?
A)Call the state or national political action committee of the American Nurses Association.
B)Talk with the administration of the institution to determine who is supporting health care issues.
C)Call the party headquarters of the candidates,and ask them to share the views of the candidate with you.
D)Call the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)to obtain the political action reports.
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Chapter 18: Collective Bargaining: Traditional Unionand
Nontraditional
Approaches
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Q1) A nurse is educating coworkers on the establishment of collective bargaining.The nurse knows the teaching has been successful when a coworker states which of the following?
A)"Collective bargaining is still not recognized by hospitals."
B)"Nurse activists believed in a unified voice for nurses."
C)"Nurse activists wanted to option of working more hours."
D)"Collective bargaining is not effective."
Q2) What would the nurse identify as a primary difference between traditional and nontraditional collective bargaining?
A)Traditional collective bargaining is not organized through the state nursing association.
B)Traditional collective bargaining units are organized,and members belong to the National Nurses United.
C)Nontraditional collective bargaining units are not recognized by health care organizations as a collective bargaining agency.
D)Nontraditional collective bargaining has a long history and is based on the support of organizations throughout the country.
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Chapter 19: Ethical Issues
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Q1) What action can the nurse take to uphold the ethical principle of fidelity?
A)Report unscrupulous billing practices.
B)Disclose the results of an HIV test to a patient's family.
C)Make health care decisions for a patient.
D)Accept an assignment that is unsafe.
Q2) A nurse is learning about the ANA Code of Ethics.Which action by the nurse would be unethical,according to the ANA Code of Ethics?
A)Joining unions or bargaining units
B)Engaging in lobbying related to health care issues
C)Reporting an incompetent or impaired colleague
D)Refusing to care for a patient who is diagnosed as HIV positive
Q3) A nurse and a patient are discussing the patient's wishes regarding resuscitation.The patient decides that resuscitation is not wanted under any circumstances.What action can the nurse take to identify the ethical issues of the situation?
A)Encourage the patient to discuss his/her wishes with his/her family.
B)Encourage the patient to change his/her mind.
C)Coerce the patient into changing his/her mind by calling the physician to the bedside.
D)Continue to treat the patient as a "full code."
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Legal Issues
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Q1) A nurse is completing an incident report.The nurse demonstrates an adequate understanding of the report when refraining from putting which of the following on the form?
A)Conclusions about the incident
B)The name of the patient
C)Blame of others
D)Judgment
E)The nurse's opinion about what happened
Q2) A nurse understands informed consent when making which of the following statements?
A)"Informed consent is a binding agreement."
B)"Informed consent involves filling out a consent form."
C)"Informed consent occurs when the patient receives information about a procedure before giving consent."
D)"Informed consent is a name for a written legal policy."
Q3) What would be the most effective way for a nurse to validate informed consent?
A)Check the chart for a completed and signed consent form.
B)Determine from the physician what was discussed with the patient.
C)Ask the family whether the patient understands the procedure.
D)Ask the patient what he/she understands about the procedure.
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Chapter 21: Cultural and Spiritual Awareness
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Q1) Which actions by the nurse show cultural competence of Native American culture?
A)Refuse to allow rituals to be practiced at the bedside.
B)Allow the family to bring in a medicine man for healing.
C)Allow the family and patient time for prayer.
D)Provide space for rituals.
E)Work hard to gain trust.
Q2) What is an example of a system barrier to cultural competence?
A)Lack of knowledge regarding kosher diet options on menu
B)No sinks in every patient room
C)No privacy curtains in exam rooms
D)A strict and enforced policy against more than one visitor in the ICU
Q3) A nurse is attending a lecture on health disparities.The education has been effective when the nurse states which of the following?
A)"Inequalities in income and education are the root of many health disparities."
B)"Today,there are no longer inequalities preventing access to health care."
C)"Low education and low income levels are related to lower rates of health disparities."
D)"Higher income is associated with more health disparities than lower income."
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Chapter 22: Quality Patient Care
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Q1) The Joint Commission publishes a Sentinel Event Alert every month.Which of the following is the best example of a sentinel event?
A)Tylenol three tablets are given to a patient when Tylenol two tables were ordered.
B)Code pink is called after a newborn is discovered missing from the nursery.
C)After receiving the correct medication,the patient complains of itching all over,and a rash is noted on the patient's trunk.
D)The patient gets a meal tray intended for the roommate.
Q2) A nurse has an adequate understanding of barriers to quality improvement when stating which of the following?
A)"Cost is a barrier in quality improvement."
B)"There are no barriers to quality improvement."
C)"Nurses' loyalty to old practices is a barrier."
D)"Failure to recognize that change is needed is a barrier."
E)"Being unwilling to change is a barrier."
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Chapter 23: Nursing Informatics
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Q1) Which statement by the nurse indicates an understanding of the definition of nursing informatics?
A)"Nursing informatics is a specialty area of hospital nursing in which management of patient care is done via computers."
B)"Nursing informatics is the specialty practice of nursing integrating nursing science with multiple information management."
C)"Nursing informatics includes the input and retrieval of a patient's complete medical history via electronic data."
D)"Nursing informatics is an area of computer system design and analysis to provide and retrieve patient health data during the period of hospitalization."
Q2) Which statement by the nurse is true regarding the focus of nursing informatics? The focus of nursing informatics
A)"is to improve patient care with health care technology."
B)"is to improve patient care by increasing health care expertise."
C)"is to improve patient care by improving nursing performance."
D)"is to improve patient care by allowing the patient access to medical records."
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Chapter 24: Using Evidence-Based Practice and Nursing Research
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Q1) A student asks the nurse manager,"When I was reading an article about research utilization,I ran across the phrase 'practice context.' What does that mean?" What is the best response?
A)"It is made up of the factors and systems that contribute to delivery of nursing care in a particular setting."
B)"It refers to the specific group of patients who are to receive care in a particular setting."
C)"It describes the type of health care delivery system that is currently in place in a particular setting."
D)"It refers to the policies,procedures,and staffing patterns of a nursing unit."
Q2) The nurse manager has an adequate understanding of research utilization when stating which of the following?
A)"In the process of research utilization,the emphasis is on finding new data."
B)"A major component of the process is reviewing current nursing practices."
C)"The process involves transferring research findings into practice."
D)"The process is solely based on critical thinking."
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Chapter 25: Workplace Issues
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Q1) A manager told a nurse to float to another unit.The nurse is nervous about floating.Which of the following actions would be the best to take?
A)Remain calm.
B)Refuse to float.
C)Focus on the patients.
D)Ask for a quick tour of the unit.
E)Inquire about the unit's standards of care.
Q2) Ergonomic hazards are a major safety risk for nurses,causing serious musculoskeletal injuries.To reduce the risk,nurses should
A)use assistive devices.
B)take up weight lifting.
C)never lift or move patients.
D)stretch out after pulling or reaching.
Q3) How does the federal government affect environmental safety in the hospital setting?
A)Requires employers to provide a safe working environment
B)Identifies those nurses who are not implementing standard precautions
C)Works with the state boards of nursing in disciplining nurses
D)Requires employers to establish guidelines for safe nursing practice
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Page 27
Chapter 26: Emergency Preparedness
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Q1) A nurse manager is educating a staff nurse on the four top agents for potential bioterrorism.The nurse manager judges that the teaching has been effective when the staff nurse states that the top agents include A)smallpox.
B)anthrax.
C)flu virus.
D)botulism.
E)plague.
Q2) The charge nurse is educating a nurse on the process of surveillance for the outbreak of disease in the hospital setting.The charge nurse judges the education to be effective when the nurse states
A)"Surveillance is primarily the responsibility of the safety officer."
B)"Surveillance is primarily the responsibility of the risk manager."
C)"Surveillance is primarily the responsibility of the infection control nurse."
D)"Surveillance is primarily the responsibility of the hospital radiation safety officer."
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