Nursing Foundations Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Nursing Foundations introduces students to the essential principles, theories, and practices that underpin the nursing profession. Covering topics such as the history and evolution of nursing, ethical and legal responsibilities, communication skills, patient-centered care, and evidence-based practice, this course prepares learners with the fundamental knowledge and skills required for effective and compassionate healthcare delivery. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, professional values, and the development of practical abilities that serve as the building blocks for advanced nursing courses and clinical experiences.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development 5th Canadian Edition by Denise Boyd
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19 Chapters
1981 Verified Questions
1981 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Methods
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80135
Sample Questions
Q1) A developmental psychologist who ascribes to the concept of internal models of experience would study a child's family, neighbourhood, and school in order to understand the child's development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following illustrates the concepts of critical period or sensitive period?
A) A 3-month-old infant cries when a new babysitter arrives.
B) The period from 6 to 12 months of age is the important time for infants to start eating solid foods.
C) In the months after birth, infants need to experience certain types of stimulation or experiences in order for their nervous systems to develop normally and completely.
D) A 10-month-old infant cries when he is not allowed to throw food on the floor.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The general criteria for evaluating the usefulness of a developmental theory include
A) its degree of correctness or truth.
B) its ability to prove what the theorist wants to prove.
C) its application to environmental influences.
D) the stimulation of thinking and research by subsequent developmentalists.
Answer: D
Q2) ________ are genes found only in the fluid that surrounds an unfertilized ovum.
A) Miscreation genes
B) Morphogen genes
C) Mitochondria genes
D) Mutant genes
Answer: C
Q3) Erik Erikson believed that one must pass through eight _______ stages to develop a stable identity.
A) psychosocial stages
B) lifespan stages
C) psychosexual stages
D) cognitive-social stages
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of the cephalocaudal principle of development during the prenatal period?
A) The brain is formed before the reproductive system.
B) The digestive organs are formed before the heart.
C) Differentiation of the gonads and the lobes of the brain occur simultaneously.
D) The spinal cord develops before the arms.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true with regard to prenatal infection with HIV?
A) Maternal use of the drug AZT during pregnancy lowers the risk of prenatal transmission of the virus.
B) Approximately 25% of infants born to HIV-infected mothers will themselves become infected.
C) Most pregnant women who are HIV positive or who have AIDS will give birth to infants who are HIV positive.
D) The infant may contract the virus in the birth canal during delivery.
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy
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96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sucking, swallowing, pupil dilation, and grasping are all examples of A) Babinski reflexes.
B) Moro, or startle, reflexes.
C) adaptive reflexes.
D) primitive reflexes.
Q2) The infant's sense that may well be the best developed of all is A) smell.
B) sight.
C) touch.
D) hearing.
Q3) Which of the following is the best example of a child's manipulative skills?
A) Chio navigates around the table by holding onto each chair as she moves.
B) Nigel uses his thumb and forefinger to carefully pick up and eat a small piece of cereal.
C) While her mother shops at the grocery store, two-year-old Allison sits contentedly in the child carrier seat of the grocery cart.
D) Rosita and her father sit on the floor and roll the ball back and forth to each other.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Werker's research demonstrates that one characteristic of infants that helps them to learn language is
A) intelligence.
B) concentration.
C) the ability to babble.
D) the ability to distinguish between human speech and other non-speech sounds.
Q2) According to Piaget's substages of sensorimotor development, which of the following behaviours would most accurately reflect the ability of a child who is 8 to 12 months old?
A) Ahmed begins to suck his mother's breast when it is placed in his mouth.
B) When Abby, who has been breast-fed, receives a bottle, she is able to adjust her sucking to the rubber nipple.
C) Reem's toy rattle makes a sound when she hits it on her plate. Now she keeps hitting the plate to hear the sound again and again.
D) Hannah pushes the button on her musical nursery rhyme book, to hear "Itsy Bitsy Spider." She chooses this button over and over again, instead of choosing a different song.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Across differing cultures, parents use a variety of devices (such as body slings or strollers) for a common purpose: to promote infant-caregiver proximity and the development of emotional bonds.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Marko expresses discomfort when he meets his godmother for the first time, so he clings to his mother. This is an example of separation anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Between 2 and 5 months of age, babies begin to identify changes in emotions expressed by others by A) watching faces.
B) listening to voice tones.
C) combined multisensory cues like facial expressions, voice tones, etc.
D) Babies in this age group cannot discern other people's emotions.
Q4) "Temperament" refers to a pattern of responding to people and objects in the environment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The young child's tendency to think about the world in terms of one variable at a time, such as the notion that all moving objects are animals, is an example of A) egocentric thought.
B) centration.
C) conservation.
D) locomotion capacity.
Q2) Concerning milestones of physical development, a 2-year-old is NOT able to A) run easily.
B) climb.
C) pick up small objects.
D) walk on tiptoe.
Q3) Lucas slashes the air with a stick he calls his "power sword." This is an example of A) associative play.
B) substitute pretend play.
C) first pretend play.
D) sensorimotor play.
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9
Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud's view of children's development during the preschool years focused on ________ development.
A) psychosocial
B) psychosexual
C) psychocognitive
D) psychophysical
Q2) Maccoby and Martin conceptualized parenting on the dimensions of ________ and ________.
A) the child's form of attachment; the child's maturity level
B) communication; discipline
C) level of control or demand; level of acceptance
D) the parent's personality; the child's temperament
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a dimension of family functioning as conceptualized by Diana Baumrind in her study of parenting styles?
A) warmth or nurturance
B) discipline
C) clear and consistent rules
D) maturity demands
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Concrete operations permit children to understand A) language.
B) their own metacognitions.
C) person perception.
D) relations among objects.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of what Piaget termed "concrete operations"?
A) reversibility
B) automaticity
C) serial ordering
D) multiplication
Q3) The ability to recall information from long-term memory without using short-term memory is called automaticity. This skill can only be acquired as a result of brain growth known as myelinization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Inductive reasoning is a type of reasoning in which subordinate classes are included in larger, superordinate classes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of middle childhood is to develop industry, which is the willingness to work to achieve goals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Of the following forms of aggression, which is most likely to be approved of and viewed as a sign of social competence by children over 8 years old?
A) verbal aggression
B) retaliatory aggression
C) physical aggression
D) relational aggression
Q3) Psychologists have begun to believe that girls may not be less aggressive than boys, but rather that girls may express themselves by using the form of aggression known as A) relational aggression.
B) verbal hostility.
C) covert hostility.
D) parallel aggression.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of a child who has ability goals for academic achievement?
A) Marla hopes to score higher on her college entrance exam than any of her brothers and sisters.
B) Justin hopes his computer teacher will let him learn Java computer programming language for his final project.
C) Amy was inspired to become a stage lighting designer when she participated in high-school theatrical productions.
D) Larry wants to do another biology project on fruit flies because he learned so much on his first project.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
A) intense fear of gaining weight
B) risk for death by starvation
C) fear of conflict
D) cessation of menstruation
Q3) In Canada, the rate of teenage pregnancy has declined since 1974.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ben's friend Muhammed broke a window and consequently was punished. Ben said that Muhammed was bad because he had been punished. This would indicate that Ben was at Kohlberg's ________ stage of moral reasoning.
A) conventional morality/interpersonal conformity
B) preconventional morality/punishment and obedience orientation
C) preconventional morality/conscience
D) principled morality/social contract
Q2) Which of the following personality traits is a considered a risk factor for developing problem gambling habits?
A) depression
B) high impulsivity
C) low self-esteem
D) openness to experience
Q3) Which of the following is one of the four basic sex-role types identified by researchers?
A) womanly
B) incomplete
C) masculine
D) asexual
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of primary aging?
A) atherosclerosis
B) loss of ability to hear very high and very low tones
C) cancer
D) increased maximum oxygen uptake
Q2) Studies show that the risk of virtually every kind of emotional disturbance is higher in early adulthood than in middle age.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the two general categories of aging identified by researchers?
A) decline and compensation
B) aerobic and anaerobic
C) individual and cohort comparative
D) primary and secondary
Q4) Which of the following is an example of secondary aging?
A) decline in production of viable sperm
B) osteoporosis
C) cancer
D) increased wrinkling of the skin
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the birth of a child, marital satisfaction tends to increase.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Juan and Sandra tend to squabble quite a bit. They disagree on almost everything and do not listen to each other, but are still quite affectionate. This is an example of which type of stable marriage?
A) validating
B) volatile
C) avoidant
D) engaged
Q3) Young adult childless couples report higher levels of marital cohesion than do couples with children.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a woman described her friendships, she would most likely speak of
A) self-disclosure and emotional support.
B) disagreement and struggles to be heard.
C) competition and rivalry.
D) shared activities.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors/treatments is known to decrease bone loss to premenopausal levels?
A) medications like Fosamax
B) regular weight-bearing exercise
C) use of hormone replacement therapy
D) a diet with sufficient calcium to build bone mass in young adulthood
Q2) Maria has always had excellent vision, but after her forty-fifth birthday she found herself unable to read the morning newspaper at her habitual focal distance. Maria should be checked for
A) presbyopia.
B) presbycusis.
C) nearsightedness.
D) glaucoma.
Q3) What condition results when deposits of plaque cause the arteries to narrow or become blocked?
A) atherosclerosis
B) pulmonary embolism
C) diabetes
D) osteoarthritis
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most illustrative of the "skilled diplomacy" used by many middle-aged couples to maintain the stability of their relationship?
A) Mr. and Mrs. Shin agree that their marriage cannot withstand conflict, therefore disagreements or differences of opinion are never voiced.
B) Mr. and Mrs. MacGregor rely on the wisdom, humour, and the practical advice of their religious advisor when a problem arises in their marriage.
C) If a problem occurs in the Mutta marriage, Mrs. Mutta first confronts Mr. Mutta with the issue and then she works to bring peace to their relationship.
D) When Mr. and Mrs. Smith are having a marital conflict, Mrs. Smith asks one of their children to discuss the issue with Mr. Smith.
Q2) Generativity is the personal belief that one is making a valuable contribution to society.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers agree that only persons who are middle-aged or older can be described as wise.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Those with hearing loss, whether mild or more severe, tend to be perceived as being disoriented or suffering from poor memory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which theory of aging suggests that aging occurs when undesirable bonds form between proteins or fats, resulting in molecules that cannot assume the correct shape for their proper function?
A) DNA recombination
B) cross-linking
C) free radicals
D) Hayflick limit
Q4) Among older adults, the strongest predictor for depression is poor health.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of ego integrity, as described by Erikson?
A) Mrs. Chiu tells her family that she will die at peace with the world because she has lived a good life and has few regrets.
B) Mrs. Valentino and Mr. Antonczyk had both been widowed for many years and were eager for the love and companionship they could offer each other in their last years.
C) When Mr. Benoit offers advice to his family, he often says, "Don't make the same mistakes I did. I wish I could live my life over."
D) Mr. and Mrs. Li are the unofficial grandparents of many children in their neighbourhood, and their home is always open to any child who needs a hot meal or a caring word.
Q2) Among unattached seniors, women are less likely to be poor than men.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cognitive adventurousness (the willingness to learn new things) seems to be an important part of successful aging.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Death, Dying, and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a stage in Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's model of the psychological preparations for death?
A) stoic acceptance
B) rebellion
C) anger
D) pleading
Q2) Which person would be more at risk for developing prolonged grief or long-term grief-related problems?
A) 65-year-old Mrs. Carter, whose husband died
B) 8-year-old Billy, who knew his dog was ill and in danger of dying
C) 16-year-old Susan, whose mother died
D) 45-year-old Mr. Perez, whose mother died of breast cancer
Q3) Caring for someone with dementia is physically demanding, but there are no known psychological burdens proven in research.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Resuscitation from clinical death is possible.
A)True
B)False
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