Nursing Foundations
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Nursing Foundations provides an essential introduction to the core concepts, principles, and practices fundamental to the nursing profession. The course covers the historical evolution of nursing, the roles and responsibilities of nurses, legal and ethical considerations, and evidence-based practice. Students develop a foundational understanding of patient-centered care, communication, critical thinking, and basic clinical skills. Emphasis is placed on safety, health promotion, cultural competence, and professional conduct, preparing students for their roles as integral members of the healthcare team.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development 6th Canadian Edition by Denise Boyd
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19 Chapters
2224 Verified Questions
2224 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Methods
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12124
Sample Questions
Q1) Charles Darwin and other evolutionists believed they could understand the developing human by keeping baby biographies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Today's developmental theorists have adopted a model that considers human development to be the result of complex reciprocal interaction between
A) cultural biases and parenting.
B) multiple personal and environmental factors.
C) plasticity and maturational patterns.
D) social factors and individual development.
Answer: B
Q3) The ________ research method would be effective in extensively studying a teacher who has superior skills in conflict resolution.
A) survey
B) case study
C) naturalistic observation
D) cross-sectional design
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget's idea of equilibration is the process of balancing assimilation and accommodation to create _________ that fit the environment.
A) fixations
B) schemes
C) objects
D) discoveries
Answer: A
Q2) The level of Bronfenbrenner's theory that includes the influences of the health care and educational systems is called the _____________.
A) macrosystem
B) microsystem
C) exosystem
D) person
Answer: C
Q3) Gene expression is controlled through dominant-recessive patterns of inheritance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What characterizes the transition period of labour?
A) pain
B) release of the mucus plug and dilation of the cervix
C) passage through the birth canal
D) lethargy
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of the cephalocaudal principle of development during the prenatal period?
A) The brain is formed before the reproductive system.
B) The digestive organs are formed before the heart.
C) Differentiation of the gonads and the lobes of the brain occur simultaneously.
D) The spinal cord develops before the arms.
Answer: A
Q3) Any infant who has a weight of 2500 grams or less is considered a low-weight baby.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the processes of pruning and myelinization that occur in an infant's brain.
Q2) Researchers first present a baby with a particular sight,sound,or object over and over until he________-that is,until he stops looking at it or showing interest in it.
A) habituates
B) dishabituates
C) linearates
D) cries due to the sensory overload.
Q3) Babies are born with much poorer visual acuity than their eventual adult ability.At which age do most children reach adult visual acuity standards?
A) 2 years
B) 4 years
C) 7 years
D) 5 years
Q4) Manufactured formula is superior nutritionally to breast milk.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What does "SIDS" stand for,and what are the possible underlying causes of SIDS?
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies have shown that viewing TV before the age of 3 might be harmful in terms of a child's cognitive and language development in all of the following areas EXCEPT
A) prosocial interactions
B) reading recognition
C) reading comprehension
D) attention abilities
Q2) Summarize Piaget's description of infant development by briefly describing one or two cognitive behaviours or skills that represent each of the sensorimotor stages.In what ways was Piaget correct in his description of early infant cognitive development? In what ways was he incorrect?
Q3) Which of the following would not be a type of learning that an infant of one month could accomplish?
A) schematic learning
B) social cognitive learning
C) habituation
D) classical conditioning
Q4) Compare and contrast the behaviourist and nativist views of language development.
Q5) Explain the role of conditioning with respect to infant learning.
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Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe and explain the infant's journey through the processes that contribute to the development of a sense of self.Comment on the separate self,self-permanence,the objective self,the emotional self,other awareness,and joint attention as progressive stages in the formation of a sense of self.How does each stage or function change the infant's understanding of himself,his relationships,and his world?
Q2) Harrison is a 1-year-old child who is pleasant and cooperative with most adults.When his mother is at home,he does not seek or approach her as he plays.If she leaves him to go to work,he does not greet her or seek her presence when she returns.Harrison most likely would be classified as having a(n)________ attachment.
A) ambivalent
B) disorganized
C) avoidant
D) secure
Q3) Describe the two-phase process by which a child develops a sense of self.How does the development of self-awareness explain the behaviours usually described as "the terrible twos"?
Q4) What is "goodness of fit" theory? How might it affect attachment quality?
Q5) Describe the process of niche-picking.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does the operational efficiency of a child's short-term storage space influence the child's ability to solve problems or think logically?
Q2) A ________ is a set of ideas that a child constructs to explain other people's ideas,beliefs,desires,and behaviours.
A) metamemory
B) theory of mind
C) perspective
D) metacognition
Q3) Scientists believe that handedness is the result of A) social experiences.
B) cultural norms.
C) genes.
D) physical experiences.
Q4) Describe how egocentrism is related to conservation.
Q5) Compared with boys,girls enter school with all of the following skills except:
A) better communication skills
B) stronger abilities in copying and symbol use
C) higher scores in attention and self-control of impulsive behaviour
D) higher levels of curiosity
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Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson,the challenges of the autonomy versus shame stage of early childhood are triggered by disruptions in the child's attachment bond with her parents.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Canada,approximately what percentage of children aged 0 to 4 years live in two-parent homes?
A) 38%
B) 72%
C) 50%
D) 77%
Q3) Prosocial attributions such as "You're such a helpful boy!" help to create an internalized pattern of prosocial behaviour that will persist throughout the individual's lifespan.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe and give examples to illustrate the following forms of children's play from infancy to age 4: solitary play,parallel play,associative play,and cooperative play.
Q5) What are the mechanisms or processes by which divorce affects children?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Daniel Goleman's theory of emotional intelligence relates all of the following components to the achievement of intellectual potential EXCEPT
A) the capacity to channel one's emotions into the pursuit of worthwhile goals.
B) the ability to express one's emotions appropriately.
C) awareness of one's own emotions.
D) sensitivity to the moods, emotions, and needs of others.
Q2) Identify the psychologist who developed the emotional intelligence theory and briefly describe this theory.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true regarding weight loss diets for children?
A) Children can follow the same weight loss diets as adults.
B) Increased daily exercise should eliminate the need for a diet.
C) Obese children require special diets developed and supervised by nutritional experts.
D) Restricted calorie diets are never recommended due to the fact that children are still growing and have special nutritional needs.
Q4) Deductive logic involves going from the specific to the general.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children's global self-evaluation,which includes factors such as how well they like themselves or how happy they are,is termed
A) intrapersonal perception.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-construct.
D) introspective assessment.
Q2) Bobby is a 10-year-old who is uncoordinated and awkward,and as a consequence,he has little athletic ability.How will this circumstance influence Bobby's self-esteem?
A) As long as his friends tell Bobby that they don't mind if he is clumsy, his self-esteem will be unaffected.
B) If Bobby does not value athletic skill, his lack of talent will have less impact on his self-esteem than if he highly values athleticism.
C) The absence of athletic skill will affect his self-esteem only if his parents value athleticism.
D) The absence of athletic ability will cause Bobby to have low self-esteem.
Q3) Briefly describe and give examples to illustrate Piaget's theory of moral development in middle childhood.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe and compare gender differences with regards to academic achievement in adolescents.
Q2) Children being attracted to cross-gender activities or children expressing a desire to be the opposite gender are two sound predictors of a future transgender sexual orientation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A pattern seen in adolescent depression rates that persists across the lifespan is
A) females experience depression more frequently than males.
B) there are no true gender patterns in adolescent depression rates.
C) males experience depression more frequently than females.
D) females may experience more depression but males experience more severe forms of depression.
Q4) Adolescents or adults who choose to live as the opposite gender on a full-time basis are known as
A) transgendered.
B) bisexuals.
C) transsexuals.
D) sex reassignments.
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Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kohlberg,most adolescents operate beyond a level 3 stage of moral development,where living up to the expectations of one's family or significant others is the major influence on moral reasoning.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Marcia,an individual who has a foreclosure identity has experienced a period of crisis and has made a commitment to ideological,occupational,or other goals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Personal identification and satisfaction with more than one culture refers to A) expanded identity.
B) ethnic identity.
C) minority identity.
D) bicultural identity
Q4) Discuss the issue of gambling among Canadian youth.What factors might account for the increase in youth gambling? How are youth harmed by problem gambling? What can be done to help young gamblers?
Q5) How can moral reasoning be encouraged or developed?
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12136
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the changes that take place in the brain and nervous system in young adulthood.How do these changes affect functioning?
Q2) The positive benefits of social support are determined by the number of actual social and emotional contacts an individual has with the members of her social support network.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How and why do the psychological concepts of social support and a sense of control affect physical health?
Q4) The most common measure of overall aerobic fitness is maximum oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub> max),which reflects the ability of the body to take in and transport oxygen to various body organs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the most prominent mental health risks in early adulthood?What are the causes and possible treatment options?
Q6) Discuss the benefits of post-secondary education.
Q7) Describe how women's and men's fertility is affected by age.
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to evolutionary theories of mate selection,men prefer all of the following qualities in a mate EXCEPT
A) physically attractiveness
B) that the mate be younger
C) financial stability
D) good health
Q2) Sarah is very persuasive and forceful.She was president of her class in high school and college and could always rally others to her point of view.According to Holland,what is Sarah's personality type?
A) social
B) enterprising
C) realistic
D) investigative
Q3) Of the following factors,which is least likely to influence job satisfaction across the adult years?
A) plans for retirement
B) personality characteristics
C) onsite child-care centre
D) quality of the work and the work conditions
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12138
Sample Questions
Q1) Among healthy middle-aged men,performance anxiety is a frequent cause of erectile dysfunction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why is osteoporosis an important health concern? Summarize the risk factors for osteoporosis and identify strategies that can prevent or reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Q3) An individual who forgets where she ate lunch is having difficulty retrieving a(n)________ memory,but if she can recite Robert Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken," she is using her ________ memory.
A) experiential; comprehensive
B) episodic; semantic
C) flashbulb; schematic
D) iconic; dialectic
Q4) The brains of alcoholics and nonalcoholics differ in the distribution of electrical activity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Summarize the pros and cons of hormone replacement therapy.
Q6) Discuss the negative effects of alcoholism on the individual.
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Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following applies to middle adulthood marriages?
A) more dissatisfied compared to those of young adults
B) more passionate compared to those of young adults
C) less conflicted than those of young adults
D) more distant compared to those of young adults
Q2) In particular,a(n)important contributor to middle-aged adult stress management is A) neuroticism
B) conscientiousness
C) personality
D) sleep
Q3) A substantial body of research indicates that the developmental tasks of mid-life create a crisis by exceeding an individual's ability to cope.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Adults who provide a significant level of care to aging family members typically develop symptoms of clinical depression.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for depression and dysthymia among the elderly?
A) inadequate social support
B) emotional loss
C) inadequate income
D) problem-solving ability
Q2) What is the most effective treatment for depression in older adults?
A) dietary and nutritional supplements, such as vitamins and minerals
B) tranquilizing medications
C) increased involvement in a social support network that includes family, friends, or community members
D) a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication
Q3) The number of telomeres remaining in a 70-year-old is considerably lower than the number found in a 5-year-old.
A)True
B)False
Q4) As adults get older,their life expectancy decreases.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify how older and younger adults differ in memory function.
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Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12141
Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize the factors that are most likely to be relevant in an individual's decision to retire.How would these factors continue to influence the individual's adjustment after retirement has occurred?
Q2) Mrs.Maraj suffers from fibromyalgia and arthritis and is no longer able to care for herself;she has no choice but to move into a nursing home.According to Charles Longino,this is an example of
A) an amenity move.
B) a compensatory move.
C) a kinship move.
D) an institutional migration.
Q3) Mrs.Kendall is a 75-year-old healthy widow who receives a good retirement pension.She most likely lives
A) with a son, daughter, or other family member.
B) with a sibling or long-time friend.
C) alone.
D) in a nursing home or other form of institutional care.
Q4) Describe the meaning of the term "activity theory."
Q5) Identify,briefly discuss,and give examples to illustrate factors that predict life satisfaction among older adults.
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Chapter 19: Death, Dying, and Bereavement
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Caring for someone with dementia is physically demanding,but there are no known psychological burdens proven in research.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following are Kübler-Ross's stages of dying?
A) anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
B) bargaining, denial, acceptance, depression, anger
C) denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
D) denial, fighting spirit, stoic acceptance, depression, acceptance
Q3) Sudden loss of a loved one frequently leads to suicidal thoughts in young adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summarize and give examples to illustrate the stages of Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's model for the psychological stages of dying.Summarize the criticisms of this model.How has Kübler-Ross's model been helpful to those who work with terminally ill people?
Q5) Describe how people vary in the ways they adapt to impending death.
Q6) Discuss the role that religion can play with respect to people's attitudes towards death.
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