Medical Sciences
Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Medical Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that explores the biological and physiological principles underlying human health and disease. This course provides students with a foundational understanding of human anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, pathology, and microbiology, integrating core concepts from both the physical and life sciences. Emphasizing the scientific basis for medical practice, it prepares students for advanced study in medicine and health-related professions by developing critical thinking, diagnostic, and research skills essential for addressing modern healthcare challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1202
Page 2
Chapter 1: Epithelium
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The surface of the ovaries contains which type of epithelium
A) Pseudostratified columnar
B) Simple columnar
C) Simple cuboidal
D) Simple squamous
E) Stratified squamous
Answer: C
Q2) What supportive structures are the most stable component of the cytoskeleton?
A) Actin filaments
B) Centrosomes
C) Intermediate filaments
D) Microtubules
E) Myosin filaments
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which organelle is responsible for degrading proteins?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Q2) Facilitated diffusion
A) Is another name for osmosis
B) Occurs against a concentration gradient
C) Occurs through pores in the phospholipid bilayer
D) Requires specialized proteins
E) Requires energy
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most likely to initiate apoptosis?
A) Apaf-1
B) Bcl-2
C) Caspase 3
D) Caspase 9
E) DNA protein kinase
Answer: D
Q2) A secreted chemical messenger meant to act on an adjacent cell is called a(n)
A) Autocrine
B) Hormone
C) Neurohormone
D) Neurotransmitter
E) Paracrine
Answer: E
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dense regular connective tissue
A) Attaches bone to muscle and bone to bone
B) Is composed of a random arrangement of collagen fibers
C) Is composed primarily of fibroblasts in dense bundles
D) Owes its characteristics to the predominance of collagen II
E) Surrounds the walls of hollow organs
Q2) Formation of new cartilage along the surface of pre-existing cartilage is termed
A) Appositional growth
B) Endochondral growth
C) Interstitial growth
D) Intramembranous growth
E) Isogenous growth
Q3) Connective tissue cells responsible for synthesizing connective tissue proper matrix are
A) Chondroblasts
B) Fibroblasts
C) Mast cells
D) Mesenchymal cells
E) Osteoblasts
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Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) Epiphyseal plates are required for lengthening of long bones
E) Epiphyseal plates contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
Q2) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) Decrease the rate of calcium absorption
B) Decrease the rate of calcium excretion
C) Increase the level of calcium ion in the blood
D) Stimulate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
E) Stimulate osteoclast activity
Q3) Which of the following is true of intramembranous, rather than endochondral, ossification?
A) A hyaline cartilage model is used
B) Long bones are formed
C) Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts within connective tissue
D) Periosteal buds invade the lacunae left behind by dead chondrocytes
E) Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses
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Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cell type synthesizes and releases antibodies?
A) Basophil
B) B-lymphocyte
C) Eosinophil
D) Monocyte
E) T-lymphocyte
Q2) Which of the following hematopoietic growth factors stimulates the production of eosinophils?
A) Erythropoietin
B) Flt3 ligand
C) Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
D) Stem cell factor
E) Thrombopoietin
Q3) The majority of the formed elements of blood are
A) Eosinophils
B) Erythrocytes
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Thrombocytes
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the _____.
A) Endomysium
B) Epimysium
C) Perimysium
D) Sarcolemma
E) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Q2) The H-zone of a sarcomere contains which of the following proteins?
A) Myosin only
B) Actin only
C) Troponin and tropomyosin
D) B and C only
E) All of the above
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a structural component of a triad?
A) Myofibril
B) Sarcolemma
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) Terminal cisterna
E) Transverse tubule
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9
Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cell bodies of which of the following type of neuron are found in dorsal root ganglia?
A) Central nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Sensory
D) Somatic motor
E) Sympathetic
Q2) Neurotransmitters synthesized in the soma of a neuron reach the synaptic cleft via
A) Action potentials
B) Anterograde axonal transport
C) Graded potentials
D) Retrograde axonal transport
E) Synaptic activity
Q3) Interneurons are found
A) Only in the brain
B) Only in the central nervous system
C) Only in the peripheral nervous system
D) Only in the spinal cord
E) Throughout the nervous system
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10
Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following components prevents the aqueous humor from infiltrating the cornea?
A) Bowman's layer
B) Corneal endothelium
C) Corneal epithelium
D) Descemet's membrane
E) Stroma
Q2) The basal laminae of the retinal epithelium and underlying choriocapillaris endothelium as well as layers of collagen and elastic fibers make up the _____ of the choroid
A) Bruch's membrane
B) Choroidal stroma
C) Descemet's membrane
D) Drusen
E) Sclera
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Chapter 10: Immune-Lymphatic System
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8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Helper T cells
A) Activate B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiate into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Help T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognize and kill viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secrete interferon upon contact with a virus
Q2) Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called
A) Antibodies
B) Antigens
C) Complement
D) Cytokines
E) Interferons
Q3) Activated B cells proliferate in the _____ of a lymph node.
A) Capsule
B) Germinal center
C) Mantle zone
D) Subcapsular sinus
E) Trabeculae
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sensory receptors is activated by painful stimuli?
A) Mechanoreceptors
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Merkel disks
D) Nociceptors
E) Pacinian corpuscles
Q2) Langerhans cells
A) Are located in the stratum basale of the epidermis
B) Are mechanoreceptor cells
C) Can be found within a cornified cell envelope
D) Have granules in their cytoplasm
E) Present antigens to T cells as part of the immune response
Q3) The primary cells of the epidermis are
A) Basal cells
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Merkel cells
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13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moving from the lumen to the external surface of a typical vessel, the layers are
A) Basal lamina endothelium subendothelium internal elastic lamina smooth muscle connective tissue external elastic lamina
B) Endothelium basal lamina subendothelium internal elastic lamina smooth muscle external elastic lamina connective tissue
C) Endothelium subendothelium basal lamina internal elastic lamina smooth muscle connective tissue external elastic lamina
D) Endothelium subendothelium basal lamina smooth muscle internal elastic lamina external elastic lamina connective tissue
E) Internal elastic lamina endothelium basal lamina subendothelium smooth muscle connective tissue external elastic lamina
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14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inspired air moves from the _____ directly into the alveolar ducts.
A) Alveolar sacs
B) Alveoli
C) Respiratory bronchioles
D) Terminal bronchioles
E) Tertiary bronchi
Q2) Non-mucous secreting and non-ciliated dome-shaped cells with microvilli are found in the respiratory tract. These cells are detoxifying and secrete a component of surfactant. They are also capable of differentiation for tissue regeneration. Where are they located?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Bronchioles
D) Laryngopharynx
E) Trachea
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Chapter 14: Urinary System
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The renin-angiotensin system is controlled by the A) Afferent arteriole
B) Bowman's capsule
C) Glomerulus
D) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
E) Loop of Henle
Q2) Simple cuboidal epithelium containing long microvilli lines the A) Bowman's capsule
B) Collecting duct
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Loop of Henle
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
Q3) Urine enters the minor calyces from the A) Hilum
B) Major calyces
C) Renal columns
D) Renal papillae
E) Renal pelvis
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Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What cell type is most likely to be stimulated following G-cell secretion?
A) Chief cells
B) Mucous neck cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Stem cells
E) None - G-cells secrete an inhibitory substance
Q2) The muscularis externa of the ____ is partially striated and partially smooth.
A) Esophagus
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Stomach
E) None of the above -- the entire alimentary canal is lined with smooth muscle
Q3) What do the surface mucous cells of the stomach do?
A) They are regenerative
B) They help reabsorb vitamin B12
C) They secrete a substance that protects the stomach lining from acid
D) They secrete hydrochloric acid
E) They secrete into the base of the gastric pit
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Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cholecystokinin
A) Inhibits gastric juice secretion
B) Inhibits pancreatic juice secretion
C) Stimulates antigen endocytosis
D) Stimulates lysozyme secretion
E) Stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile
Q2) Which of the following is characteristic of the ileum but not of the duodenum or jejunum?
A) Brunner's glands
B) Leaf-shaped villi
C) Glandless submucosa
D) Paneth cells
E) Peyer's patches
Q3) The ____ secrete(s) an alkaline fluid to protect the duodenum from acidic chyme.
A) Brunner's glands
B) Gallbladder
C) Goblet cells
D) Liver
E) Peyer's patches
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true of salivary gland intralobular duct distribution?
A) Both intercalated and striated ducts are rare in submandibular glands
B) Mucous glands have only occasional intercalated ducts
C) Parotid glands have more striated ducts than submandibular glands
D) Striated ducts are abundant in mucous glands
E) Sublingual glands lack both striated and intercalated ducts
Q2) Portal triads are made up of vessels carrying all of the following EXCEPT
A) Bile away from the liver cells
B) Deoxygenated blood away from the liver cells
C) Deoxygenated blood to the liver cells
D) Nutrient-rich blood to the liver cells
E) Oxygenated blood to the liver cells
Q3) Which of the following does not differentiate the gallbladder from the liver?
A) Microvilli are present on gallbladder epithelial cells
B) The gallbladder epithelium is folded
C) The muscularis mucosae of the gallbladder is thicker than that of the liver
D) There are no mucus-producing cells in the gallbladder
E) Water is reabsorbed from the bile in the gallbladder
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19
Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which endocrine structure is composed of several cell types, including chromophobe cells, acidophils, and basophils?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Parathyroid gland
D) Pineal gland
E) Posterior pituitary
Q2) Prolactin secretion is _____ by _____.
A) Inhibited dopamine
B) Inhibited somatostatin
C) Stimulated dopamine
D) Stimulated growth hormone-releasing hormone
E) Stimulated nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
Q3) The anterior pituitary
A) Has a blood-brain barrier generated by pituicytes
B) Is composed of basophils, acidophils, and chromophobe cells
C) Is made up of the pars nervosa and the infundibulum
D) Receives blood from the inferior hypophyseal artery
E) Secretes hormones when directed to do so by a nervous signal from the hypothalamus
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Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which endocrine structure secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine?
A) Adenohypophysis
B) Adrenal cortex
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Neurohypophysis
E) Thyroid gland
Q2) What happens immediately after insulin binds to the -subunit of the insulin receptor?
A) It activates the adjacent tyrosine kinase ( -subunit)
B) It increases glucose uptake by the cell
C) It stimulates glucagon secretion by the cells
D) It stimulates the synthesis of GLUT-4 (glucose transporter-4)
E) It transports the GLUT-4 protein to the cell membrane
Q3) The trophic hormone that controls the release of T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) is secreted by
A) Acidophilic cells
B) Basophilic cells
C) Chromaffin cells
D) Chromophobic cells
E) Follicular cells
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Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diploid spermatogenic cells in direct contact with the basal lamina are
A) Sertoli cells
B) Spermatocytes
C) Spermatogenic cells
D) Spermatogonia
E) Spermatozoa
Q2) Testosterone is secreted by
A) Leydig cells
B) Principal cells
C) Sertoli cells
D) Spermatogenic cells
E) Spermatogonia
Q3) Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells are found in the A) Epididymides
B) Prostate
C) Rete testes
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
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22
Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sperm are matured and stored in what structure?
A) Epididymidis
B) Prostate
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Testis
E) Vas deferens
Q2) What structure contributes a lubricating mucus substance to semen?
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Epididymidis
C) Prostate
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
Q3) Sperm move from the tubuli recti into the
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
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23
Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which stage of the endometrial cycle is mitotic activity most intense?
A) Early proliferative period
B) Ischemic period
C) Late proliferative period
D) Midproliferative period
E) Midsecretory period
Q2) Oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells are found in the
A) Corona radiata
B) Corpus luteum
C) Cumulus oophorus
D) Theca folliculus
E) Zona pellucida
Q3) The layer of glycoproteins between the oocytes and granulosa cells is called the A) Corona radiata
B) Cumulus oophorus
C) Macula pellucida
D) Theca folliculus
E) Zona pellucida
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rapid cell division without organismal growth is called
A) Cleavage
B) Implantation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
E) Oogenesis
Q2) The opening of the uterus into the vagina is the _____.
A) Cervix
B) Infundibulum
C) Ovary
D) Oviduct
E) Uterine tube
Q3) Following fertilization and after about 3 days of cell division, the developing organism is considered a ____ as it moves along the uterine tube toward the uterus.
A) Blastula
B) Fetus
C) Gastrula
D) Morula
E) Zygote
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Page 25