Marketing Analytics Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Marketing Analytics focuses on the systematic analysis of data related to marketing activities to drive effective decision-making. The course covers key concepts in data collection, processing, and interpretation, utilizing techniques such as customer segmentation, predictive modeling, and marketing mix optimization. Students will gain hands-on experience with analytical tools and software to measure campaign effectiveness, assess customer behavior, and forecast market trends. By integrating theory with real-world applications, the course equips students with the skills necessary to turn complex marketing data into actionable insights for strategic planning and competitive advantage.
Recommended Textbook
Marketing Research Essentials 9th Edition by
Carl McDaniel
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Role of Marketing Research in Management
Decision
Making
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Q1) A long-term relationship between Southwest Airlines and its frequent business travelers based on repeat sales is an example of:
A)return on quality.
B)customer retention.
C)return on investment.
D)market share.
E)the marketing concept.
Answer: B
Q2) Marketing research is a good way to discover opportunities for increased sales and profits in the marketplace.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Linked-In is an example of a social media site that uses user-generated content (UGC).
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 1: A: The Role of Marketing Research in Management Decision Making
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Q1) Recently,an article about changing consumer predispositions toward low involvement purchases appeared in the Journal of Marketing.Chances are this article would be classified as applied research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which answer best describes a market researcher?
A)one who is academically trained for market research
B)one who understands the marketing process as well as the subtleties of marketing problems and opportunities
C)one who is well trained in statistics and can design proper sampling procedures
D)one who has a strong background in communications and advertising
Answer: B
Q3) Customer satisfaction is an important element of the marketing concept.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 2: The Marketing Research Industry and Research
Ethics
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Q1) When a fast-food company hires a marketing research company to attempt to generate data that will show that its food is "healthier" than a competitor's offerings,this is an example of a(n):
A)advocacy study.
B)observation study.
C)focus group.
D)in-depth interview.
E)case study.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following companies is the largest U.S.marketing research company in terms of revenue?
A)Burke Inc.
B)Maritz Research
C)Arbitron Inc.
D)Nielsen Co.
E)J.D.Power and Associates
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 2: A: The Marketing Research Industry and Research Ethics
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Q1) The major ethical theories discussed in the chapter include all of the following Except:
A)Existentialism
B)Utilitarianism
C)Deontology
D)Causist
Q2) A custom ad hoc research firm is attempting to develop a template for measuring community assessment,that it can market and administer communities in general.It decides to construct a relatively comprehensive questionnaire with the goal of determining which questions are the most important generally in a community assessment.Who would the research firm want to sample for such a study and who would provide the sample frame?
Q3) Which of the following is not a way marketing research is used by corporate marketing departments to support the marketing decision-making process?
A)to evaluate the ongoing success of operational marketing strategies
B)to identify new target markets
C)to measure the quality of customer service and level of satisfaction
D)to assess changes in the internal environment
E)All of the above are used to support the marketing decision-making process.
Page 6
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Chapter 3: Problem Definition,exploratory Research,and the Research Process
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Q1) The first step in problem definition is:
A)determining why the information is needed.
B)using symptoms to help clarify the problem.
C)recognizing a problem or opportunity.
D)determining whether or not the information already exists.
E)stating the research objectives.
Q2) All of the following are examples of exploratory research EXCEPT:
A)focus groups.
B)pilot studies.
C)experience surveys.
D)experiments.
E)secondary data analysis.
Q3) When an executive at American Airlines interviews the airline's flight attendants in an attempt to determine how customer service on the airline can be improved,this is an example of a(n):
A)secondary data analysis.
B)experience survey.
C)focus group.
D)case analysis.
E)longitudinal study.
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Chapter 3: A: Problem Definition and the Research Process
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Q1) A laboratory experiment would be better than a field experiment in helping a researcher eliminate _______.
A)causality
B)concomitant variation
C)variables
D)spurious associations
E)none of the above
Q2) Causality is relatively easy to prove in most marketing research studies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________________ is a goal statement,defining specific information needed to solve the marketing research problem.
A)Exploratory research
B)Marketing research objective
C)Management objective
D)Managerial decision problem
E)none of the above
Q4) What is the "Research Request?" Why is it so important? What should you include in the research request?
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Chapter 4: Secondary Data and Databases
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Q1) The marketing research aggregator industry is a $100 million business annually.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Information that has already been collected previously in another research study represents what type of data?
A)External data
B)Secondary data
C)Experimental data
D)Observation data
E)Primary data
Q3) When a salesperson's "call reports" are used to track the sales behavior of a company's customers,this is an example of a(n):
A)internal database.
B)data mining situation.
C)DSS.
D)external database.
E)GIS.
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Chapter 4: A: Secondary Data and Databases
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Q1) Which of the following is a characteristic of a decision support system (DSS)?
A)Interactive
B)Flexible
C)Discovery-oriented
D)Easy to learn and use
E)All of the above are characteristics
Q2) Which of the following would normally not be the result of a GIS effort?
A)depicting overlapping territories of competing retailers
B)describing population trends from census to census
C)displaying the quickest local truck delivery routes
D)providing the best location for a branch bank
E)All could be assisted by GIS.
Q3) Secondary data is available for nearly every research question.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most consumers will never give up personal information to marketers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How can data mining assist the direct marketer that publishes a customized catalog for its customers?
10
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Chapter 5: Qualitative Research
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Q1) A one-hour structured interview between an interviewer and an interviewee is called a(n):
A)MBO.
B)IDI.
C)PERT.
D)focus group.
E)survey.
Q2) All of the following are examples of projective techniques used in marketing research EXCEPT:
A)cartoon tests.
B)focus groups.
C)word association tests.
D)story completion tests.
E)third-person techniques.
Q3) The leader of a focus group discussion is called a(n):
A)discussion guide.
B)projective leader.
C)moderator.
D)research statistician.
E)project manager.
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Chapter 5: A: Qualitative Research
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Q1) If the goal of the research was to provide a demographic and lifestyle profile of a heavy user of a product,then the preferred type of research would be _______.
A)quantitative research
B)qualitative research
C)process analysis
D)formal analysis
E)none of the above
Q2) Qualitative research blends with quantitative measures to provide a less thorough understanding of consumer demand.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When conducting in-depth interviews,sometimes the respondents present a real challenge to the interviewer.According to the chapter,which of the following was not an example of a problem respondent?
A)Digresser
B)Withholder
C)Ruminator
D)Stubornator
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Chapter 6: Traditional Survey Research
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Q1) When an interviewer sits in front of a computer monitor in which the computer dials the phone number of people listed on a sampling frame so that the interviewer can focus on asking the respondent survey questions,what type of study is involved?
A)ILI
B)CATI
C)IDI
D)PERT
E)MBO
Q2) When an interviewer asks a college business major if he reads The Wall Street Journal every day and the students says: "Yes," but,in reality,the student rarely reads this newspaper,what type of error has occurred?
A)Random sampling error
B)Surrogate error
C)Nonresponse bias
D)Deliberate falsification
E)Selection error
Q3) Ad hoc mail surveys typically have a low rate of nonresponse.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: A: Traditional Survey Research
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Q1) A questionnaire that is not computer coded,thereby increasing the complexity of inputing the questionnaire data into a database,will probably suffer from which of the following?
A)processing error
B)interviewer error
C)surrogate information error
D)measurement instrument bias
E)none of the above
Q2) A potential marketing research client contacts a supplier about a possible survey.Seems that the client is interested in establishing a snow skiing equipment business in Arkansas surveying and wants to survey Arkie snow skiers to get an estimate on potential.The consultant tells the potential client that such a survey may not be feasible,or at best would be very time consuming and expensive.What is the basis of the consultant's response.
Q3) Mail surveys are a type of self-administered questionnaire.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the major factors that determine the selection of a particular survey method?
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Chapter 7: Online Marketing Research
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Q1) When the sales department of a company gets access to the company's panel membership list and tries to sell the company's products to these panel members without their permission,this practice is called:
A)sugging.
B)open recruitment.
C)newsgroup reporting.
D)recruiting.
E)closed recruitment.
Q2) The Internet is proving to be a very effective tool to recruit focus group participants with defined demographic and behavioral composition.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A frequent,chronological publication of personal thoughts and Web links is called a(n):
A)cookie.
B)banner.
C)blog.
D)Web page.
E)panel.
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Chapter 7: A: Online Marketing Research
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Q1) Open-sourced panelists typically take longer than closed-source panelists to complete surveys.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not an advantage of online surveys?
A)rapid deployment
B)dramatically reduced costs
C)representative sample
D)high response rates
E)All of the above are advantages of online surveys.
Q3) Decision Analyst,one of America's most progressive firms in applying Internet technology to marketing research,offers two types of online focus groups called_____________________.
A)Real-Time Online Focus Groups & Non Real-Time Online Focus Groups.
B)Real-Time Online Focus Groups & Time-Restraining Online Focus Groups.
C)Real-Time Online Focus Groups & Time-Extending Online Focus Groups.
D)None of the above
Q4) Why might a consultant considering the use of a focus group prefer an online focus over a traditional focus group?
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Chapter 8: Primary Data Collection: Observation
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Q1) When United Airlines asks one of its employees to fly from New York to Los Angeles and to pretend that he ordered a vegetarian meal (when he did not to this)in order to see the reaction of the flight attendant when he complains that he ordered this meal and was unhappy that it was not available,this is an example of:
A)a natural situation.
B)exploratory research.
C)descriptive research.
D)an experiment.
E)a mystery shopper.
Q2) Observing human behavior in its natural context is called:
A)ethnographic research.
B)people reading.
C)contrived research.
D)EEG research.
E)GSR research.
Q3) When a researcher looks at past recordings of behavior (e.g.library book checkout data)to record behavior of people,this is a type of observation research.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: A: Primary Data Collection: Observation
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Q1) Which company provides scanner based data to its clients?
A)Predictive Networks
B)Virgin Entertainment
C)IRI
D)MRA
E)none of the above
Q2) Ethnography research can be conducted online.
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________________ is/are used to measure magazine or newspaper reading habits.
A)RAMS
B)Peoplemeters
C)MOBILTRAK
D)People Reader
E)none of the above
Q4) One of the advantages of observation research is its ability to predict future behavior.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
Q5) Describe the mystery shopper and how they are used by marketing researchers.
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Chapter 9: Primary Data Collection: Experimentation and Test Markets
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Q1) The extent to which the findings of a test market study can be "generalized" to predict sales in the U.S.market is the basic concept underlying the concept of:
A)external validity.
B)internal validity.
C)the time-series effect.
D)the history effect.
E)the maturation effect.
Q2) All of the following are possible threats to internal experimental validity EXCEPT: A)mortality.
B)external validity.
C)history.
D)maturation.
E)testing effects.
Q3) Laboratory experiments have greater problems estimating external validity than test market studies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: A: Primary Data Collection: Experimentation and Test Markets
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Q1) Experiments are especially effective in showing causality because they are able to do what?
A)show correlation
B)demonstrate concomitant variation
C)demonstrate an appropriate time order of occurrence
D)eliminate other possible causal factors
E)none of the above
Q2) If extraneous factors in an experiment can be identified and measured, __________ can be used to control these factors.
A)randomization
B)physical control
C)design control
D)statistical control
E)none of the above
Q3) Which of the following is not a benefit of test marketing?
A)estimate of market potential
B)exposure of the new product to the competition
C)identification of weak areas of the marketing mix
D)provide management with strategic information about product performance
E)All of the above are benefits of test marketing.
Page 20
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Chapter 10: The Concept of Measurement
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Q1) When a high school counselor is asked to determine the ability of the SAT-verbal test to estimate freshman grade-point average at various liberal arts colleges,this is an example of:
A)face validity.
B)predictive validity.
C)construct validity.
D)discriminant validity.
E)test-retest validity.
Q2) The first step in the measurement process is to:
A)define the concept constitutively.
B)define the concept operationally.
C)develop a construct.
D)develop a measurement scale.
E)identify the concept of interest.
Q3) An ordinal scale always assumes that the "distance" between the ranks is equal along the scale.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: A: The Concept of Measurement
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Q1) This level of measurement would have the fewest possibilities regarding the types of statistical techniques that can be applied to its data.
A)nominal
B)ratio
C)interval
D)reliable
E)ordinal
Q2) ____________ are specific types of concepts that exist at higher levels of abstraction than do everyday concepts.
A)Abstract Concepts
B)Constructs
C)Intuitive Constructs
D)None of the above.
Q3) Physical characteristics of a respondent such as age,weight,& height are not examples of ratio-scaled variables.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Using Measurement Scales to Build Marketing
Effectiveness
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Q1) If all of the alternatives in rank-order scales are not included in the list of alternatives to be ranked,the results of the study can be very misleading or even wrong.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In scaling,numbers are assigned as indicants of the properties of people,objects,or events.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What type of scale is the following?
The Mayor of St.Louis is doing a good job as Mayor. Strongly Disagree Agree Strongly Disagree Agree
A)Balanced scale
B)Semantic differential scale
C)Stapel scale
D)Forced choice scale
E)Constant sum scale
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Chapter 11: A: Using Measurement Scales to Build Marketing
Effectiveness
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Q1) Purchase intent scales often over estimate the number of people who will actually buy a product.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Researchers have found that by offering a "neutral" response on a scale,respondents who lack knowledge about a question will indicate a neutral response along with the respondents who are indeed neutral.To resolve this issue,researchers :
A)suggest respondents skip the question.
B)use "somewhat" categories.
C)use comparative rating scales.
D)offer a "don't know" response.
E)change the question to a "yes-no" format.
Q3) Attitudes are thought to predict behavior only when __________is high.
A)involvement
B)itemized rating
C)scaling
D)none of the above
Q4) List and briefly describe considerations in selecting a scale.
24
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Chapter 12: Questionnaire Design
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Q1) In a personal interview situation,when the interviewer says: "Tell me more about that," what type of comment is this?
A)Closed-ended
B)Dichotomous
C)Probe
D)Multiple-choice
E)Screener
Q2) In a personal interview situation,when an interviewer asks the interviewee: "How did the pizza you ate yesterday taste?",and the respondent says: "It tasted pretty good," and then the interviewer asks: "What do you mean by 'pretty good'"? What type of question does the latter question represent?
A)Closed-ended
B)Probe
C)Multiple-choice
D)Open-ended
E)Dichotomous
Q3) Screening questions are used to estimate the budget cost for a survey study.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: A: Questionnaire Design
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Q1) "First National Bank is ..progressive ____|____|____|____|____ backward" is which of the following question formats?
A)scaled response
B)dichotomous
C)open ended
D)closed ended
E)none of the above
Q2) Probing is especially important when using:
A)dichotomous questions.
B)open-ended questions.
C)closed ended questions.
D)multiple choice questions.
E)none of the above
Q3) Which type of question does not allow the researcher to perform statistical analysis?
A)closed ended
B)multiple choice
C)open-ended
D)dichotomous
Q4) What is the make and model of your present car? __________________
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Chapter 13: Basic Sampling Issues
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Q1) The difference between the sample value and the population value is called the: A)true value.
B)random sampling error.
C)design error.
D)sampling error.
E)administrative error.
Q2) The first step in developing a sampling plan is to:
A)identify a sampling frame.
B)determine the sample size.
C)define the population of interest.
D)choose a data-collection method.
E)decide on an operational procedure for selecting the sample.
Q3) A sample includes every member of the population of interest to the researcher.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is not necessary to select a random starting point as the first step in selecting a systematic sample.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: A: Basic Sampling Issues
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Q1) One of the advantages of Internet surveys is that target respondents can complete the survey at their convenience.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Nonprobability samples cost less than probability samples.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In marketing research,it is always preferable to take a census rather than a sample of the population under study.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following types of samples enables the researcher to compute sampling error?
A)nonprobability
B)convenience
C)probability
D)all of the above
Q5) The size of the population is needed in order to compute a skip interval.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Sample Size Determination
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Q1) What type of property of the normal distribution states that,for any population,the Distribution of sample means approaches a normal distribution as sample size increases?
A)Pascal's Law
B)Bernouli's Law
C)Standard normal distribution
D)Central limit theorem
E)Confidence interval theorem
Q2) If z = 1.96,the standard deviation is 2.5,and the error is plus or minus $0.50,what is the
Approximate sample size needed for this study?
A)96
B)25
C)19
D)48
E)49
Q3) The normal distribution is symmetric about the mean.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: A: Sample Size Determination
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Q1) Budget is rarely a consideration when determining sample size.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Some normal distributions cannot be transformed into standard normal distributions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The "budget available" approach forces the researcher to explore alternative data-collection approaches and to carefully consider the value of information in relation to cost.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The greater the number of subgroups to be analyzed,the smaller the necessary sample size.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If a researcher takes enough samples,the data will begin to approach a normal distribution.
A)True
B)False
Page 30
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Chapter 15: Data Processing and Fundamental Data Analysis
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Q1) What is the mean of the following set of scores?
C)4.00
D)3.00
E)3.50
Q2) Which of the following graphs would be the simplest way to report the net income of Wal-Mart over the 10-year period?
A)Bar charts
B)Line charts
C)Pie charts
D)Stacked-bar charts
E)3-D Pie charts
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Chapter 15: A: Data Processing and Fundamental Data Analysis
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Q1) Categorical data is typically analyzed with percentages rather than means.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of analysis cannot be computed with nominal data?
A)mean
B)mode
C)frequency
D)percentage
Q3) The process of ascertaining that interviews were actually conducted is known as:
A)validation.
B)coding.
C)machine cleaning.
D)data entry.
E)none of the above
Q4) Finding the value that occurs most frequently determines the__________.
A)standard deviation
B)mode
C)variance
D)mean
E)none of the above
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Chapter 16: Statistical Testing of Differences and Relationships
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Q1) The null hypothesis is assumed to be true until there is sufficient evidence that it is likely to be false.
A)True B)False
Q2) A statistical difference is important from a manager's viewpoint only if the difference is "sufficiently different."
A)True B)False
Q3) In a study comparing adult men and adult women,if the standard deviation of the group
Of 49 men is 5.3 while the standard deviation of the 64 women is 4.8,what is the approximate standard error of the difference of the means for these data?
A)0.55
B)0.67
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Chapter 16: A: Statistical Testing of Differences and Relationships
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Q1) What is the meaning of testing a hypothesis at an alpha level of 0.05?
A)There is 95% confidence that the observed results are due to sampling error or because of sample randomness.
B)The chances of not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false is more than 5%.
C)There is a 95% chance that the observed result from the sample analysis will also occur in the population.
D)The probability of committing a Type II error is about 5%.
E)There is 95% chance of a gamma error.
Q2) Which of the following is not a step in hypothesis testing?
A)evaluating the randomness of the sample
B)stating null and alternative hypotheses
C)choosing the appropriate statistical test
D)developing a decision rule given the significance level
E)All of the above are steps in hypothesis testing.
Q3) A Type I error involves rejecting the null hypothesis when it is,in fact,true.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Bivariate Correlation and Regression
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Q1) In regression,the statistic that measures the percentage of total variation in Y that is "explained" buy the variation in X is known as the:
A)correlation coefficient.
B)slope of the line.
C)the value for t.
D)coefficient of determination.
E)y-intercept.
Q2) In a scatter diagram,the ________ variable is plotted on the x-axis,while the
Variable is plotted on the y-axis.
A)criterion;independent
B)dependent;independent
C)predictor;independent
D)independent;dependent
E)criterion;predictor
Q3) The correlation coefficient is the square root of the coefficient of determination.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: A: Bivariate Correlation and Regression
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Q1) In bivariate regression,both the independent and dependent variables are measured in the form of nominal and/or ordinal data.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following techniques requires at that both variables are ratio or interval data?
A)bivariate regression
B)ANOVA
C)t test
D)Pearson's product-moment correlation
E)All are appropriate.
Q3) ____________ is the mathematical technique for fitting a line that best describes the relationship between two variables.
A)Pearson's product-moment correlation
B)Least squares procedure
C)Chi-square test
D)Significance test
E)none of the above
Q4) How many pairs of responses were in this correlation analysis? ________
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Chapter 18: Multivariate Data Analysis
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Q1) In factor analysis,a linear combination of variables that are correlated with one another is Called a(n):
A)discriminant factor.
B)underlying factor.
C)factor.
D)overlying factor.
E)dummy factor.
Q2) Cluster analysis is used to identify people who are similar to one another in regard to specific variables.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The goal of discriminant analysis is to predict a categorical variable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In factor analysis,there is no dependent variable.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: A: Multivariate Data Analysis
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Q1) A dependent variable is coded 1=respondent did purchase and 0=respondent did not purchase.Independent variables include various demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the respondents.The goal of the analysis is to determine how respondents who did purchase are different from respondents who did not purchase.Which of the following procedures goes with the preceding description?
A)multiple discriminant analysis
B)multiple regression analysis
C)cluster analysis
D)perceptual mapping
Q2) Which of the following techniques might be most useful in helping a restaurant determine how to position itself in the marketplace?
A)factor analysis
B)multiple regression analysis
C)conjoint analysis
D)perceptual mapping
Q3) Cluster analysis is useful for clustering groups of questions together into factors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Communicating the Research Results
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Q1) Typically,which section of a research report contains the most pages?
A)Background
B)Table of contents
C)Appendix
D)Executive summary
E)Findings
Q2) The Executive Summary of a research report should summarize every statistical finding of the project.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following should be included in the methodology section of a research report
EXCEPT:
A)detailed information on the statistical procedures.
B)how the sample was selected.
C)the number of people interviewed.
D)how people were surveyed.
E)why these people were interviewed.
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Chapter 19: A: Communicating the Research Results
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Q1) Which of the following is not an objective of the marketing research report?
A)to explain why the research was done
B)to state the specific research objectives
C)to explain how the research was done
D)to explain how much the project cost the client
E)All of the above are objectives of the marketing research report.
Q2) Which statement is not true about marketing research reports?
A)They contain a table of contents and recommendations.
B)They contain information about the methodology of the report.
C)Every fact must be included in detail;report length of the body of the report should not be an issue.
D)Research objectives must be outlined.
E)All statements about marketing research reports are true.
Q3) Persuasion does not imply stretching or bending the truth,but rather using research findings to reinforce conclusions and recommendations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How would you respond to the following statement: "The Methodology should explain in detail how the research was done and why it was done."
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Chapter 20: Managing Marketing Research
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Q1) What is the general rule for selecting a marketing research supplier?
A)Choose the least expensive supplier and,if the project's needs exceed their abilities,move to the next supplier.
B)Choose the smallest firm consistent with the scope of the project,as long as the project is not more than 30% of the supplier's annual revenues.
C)Choose the vendor that has the best reputation.
D)Choose the smallest firm consistent with the scope of the project,as long as the project is not more than 15% of the supplier's annual revenues.
E)There is no general rule.
Q2) Asking a vendor for the academic background and experience of the persons slated to work on the project is considered unprofessional.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The text lists 10 things that clients want from the marketing research supplier.However,the discussion is expanded to include "Making Difficult Clients Happy." Summarize what it takes to "Make Difficult Clients Happy."
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Chapter 20: A: Managing Marketing Research
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Q1) Keeping track of the development of communication systems,data quality,time Schedules,cost controls,client profitability,and staff development is called:
A)time management.
B)quarterly reporting.
C)monthly reporting.
D)research management.
E)annual reporting.
Q2) "ROI Lite" is found by taking the dollar value times increased confidence,and then:
A)adding the cost of research.
B)multiplying the cost of research.
C)subtracting the cost of research.
D)dividing by the cost of research.
E)squaring and then adding the cost of research.
Q3) The most important objective of research management is to:
A)clean the data before data entry.
B)write a good research report.
C)ensure the quality of the data produced by the research process.
D)use appropriate statistical techniques.
E)keep the project within budget.
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