Marine Ecosystems
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Marine Ecosystems explores the diverse and dynamic environments found in the worlds oceans, from coastal regions to the deep sea. The course examines the physical, chemical, and biological processes that shape marine habitats, as well as the variety of organisms ranging from microscopic plankton to large marine mammals that inhabit them. Students will study food webs, energy flow, nutrient cycles, and the interactions between species. Emphasis is also placed on the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems, conservation efforts, and the role of marine ecosystems in global climate regulation. This course provides a foundation for understanding the complexity and importance of the worlds oceanic systems.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oceanography 9th Edition by Alan P. Trujillo
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15 Chapters
676 Verified Questions
676 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3312 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Planet Earth
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/65729
Sample Questions
Q1) Heterotrophic organisms can make their own food from inorganic carbon sources.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE?
A)Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities.
B)Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust.
C)Continental crust is thinner and denser than oceanic crust.
D)Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.
E)Continental crust is thinner and less dense than oceanic crust.
Answer: D
Q3) Oceanic crust is primarily:
A)basalt.
B)carbonate sedimentary rocks.
C)clay minerals.
D)granite.
E)siltstone.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oceans become deeper moving away from ridges due to:
A)decreasing thickness of the lithosphere.
B)increasing density of oceanic basalts.
C)increases in sediment accumulations.
D)polar wandering.
E)thermal contraction of hot asthenosphere.
Answer: E
Q2) Continental drift was confirmed through the use of the:
A)age of rocks on distant continents.
B)location of ancient coral reefs.
C)location of deep sea trenches.
D)location of magnetic poles through geologic time.
E)the shape of the continental margins.
Answer: D
Q3) The magnetic field of the Earth reverses itself each time that magma erupts at a mid-ocean ridge.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Abyssal hills are only visible in the Pacific Ocean because:
A)sediment has covered those found in the other ocean basins.
B)there are none in the Atlantic and Indian ocean basins.
C)they are higher in the Pacific than in the other ocean basins
D)they have been destroyed in active plate margins.
E)turbidity currents have eroded abyssal hills in the other ocean basins.
Answer: C
Q2) Seamounts are the feature labeled:
A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.
E)5.
Answer: C
Q3) The deepest portions of the ocean are part of the relatively narrow features called submarine canyons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Marine Sediments
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>)?
A)diatoms
B)foraminiferans
C)glauconite
D)phosphorites
E)radiolarians
Q2) tektites
A)biogenous sediment
B)cosmogenous sediment
C)hydrogenous sediment
D)terrigenous sediment
Q3) All of the following are lithogenous sediments except:
A)beach sand.
B)diatom ooze.
C)glacial deposits.
D)illite clays.
E)volcanogenic particles.
Q4) Radiolarian oozes form near the equator.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Water and Seawater
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent heat of sublimation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the:
A)polarity of water molecules.
B)sharing of electrons between atoms.
C)surface tension of water.
D)transfer of electrons between atoms.
E)viscosity of water.
Q3) The ion in sea water that is serves as a buffer is:
A)Ca<sup>+2</sup><sup>.</sup>
B)Cl<sup>-</sup>.
C)CO<sub>2</sub>.
D)HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>.
E)Na<sup>+.</sup>
Q4) Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Air-Sea Interface
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When ice forms from seawater,the remaining seawater will have a:
A)darker color.
B)decreased density.
C)higher salinity.
D)higher temperature.
E)lower temperature.
Q2) The westerlies wind belt is the area corresponding to: A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.
E)5.
Q3) A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a(n) A)cold front.
B)high pressure system.
C)low pressure system.
D)occluded front.
E)warm front.
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Chapter 7: Ocean Circulation
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The source of some deep ocean water masses can be identified by the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water mass.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the North Atlantic gyre,the body of water is called a:
A)cold core ring.
B)cyclonic circulation.
C)geostrophic circulation.
D)Langmuir cell.
E)warm core ring.
Q3) Deep water circulation in the Pacific Ocean is influenced by
A)extreme cooling and the formation of Pacific Bottom Water.
B)hydrothermal vents from the East Pacific Rise.
C)sea ice formation and resulting increased salinity of surface water in the south Pacific.
D)the size of the Pacific basin.
E)the Southern Oscillation.
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Chapter 8: Waves and Water Dynamics
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45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tsunami may result from:
A)a large deep-water wave.
B)a storm surge.
C)an intense storm.
D)constructive wave interference.
E)tectonic activity on the seafloor.
Q2) Waves converge on headlands due to:
A)constructive interference.
B)destructive interference.
C)wave diffraction.
D)wave reflection.
E)wave refraction.
Q3) Waves that are moving faster than local wind and are sorted out be wavelength are called:
A)capillary waves.
B)constructive waves.
C)surf.
D)swell.
E)wind waves.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Tides
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called:
A)ebb current.
B)flood current.
C)neap tide
D)spring tide.
E)tidal bore.
Q2) Tides are much greater during apogee than during perigee.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The maximum tidal range in the Bay of Fundy is on the order of 15 meters.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There is no horizontal tide-generating force on Earth at points directly below and opposite the Moon.
A)True B)False
Q5) The sun and the moon have relatively equal tide-generating forces on earth. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Groins are constructed for the purpose of maintaining or widening beaches that are losing sand.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The rate of wave erosion along a coastline is determined by all of the following except the:
A)amount of open ocean exposure.
B)coastal bedrock composition.
C)direction of the longshore current.
D)tidal range.
E)wave height and wave period.
Q3) Sediment is supplied to the coastal zone by:
A)coastal erosion.
B)local biological activity.
C)rivers.
D)All of the above are sources of sediment in the costal zone.
E)Only a and b are sources of sediment in the coastal zone.
Q4) The longshore current is caused by waves striking the beach at an angle.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: The Coastal Oceans
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biomagnification is a result of the inefficiency of trophic transfer in the food web.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The largest single oil pollution event was the result of the Persian Gulf War in 1991.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nitrates and hydrocarbons are examples of persistent organic pollutants in marine ecosystems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The greatest sources of hydrocarbons in the marine environment are urban run-off and shipping.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Mangrove swamps are protective buffer areas in temperate latitude coastal ecosystems.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Marine Life and the Marine Environment
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52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most marine species are found in a(n):
A)bathypelagic environment.
B)benthic environment.
C)mesopelagic environment.
D)oceanic environment.
E)pelagic environment.
Q2) Osmosis occurs when salt ions diffuse through a membrane with a lower ion concentration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Streamlining in fish means that the minimum amount of energy is expended to swim.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An example of an organism that might be part of the epifauna is a(n):
A)bull kelp.
B)feather duster worm.
C)sea star.
D)shark.
E)tuna.
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Chapter 13: Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mass present at a given time of a population of fish is called its:
A)diversity.
B)fish stock.
C)maximum sustainable yield.
D)recruitment mass.
E)standing stock.
Q2) The relationship between cyanobacteria and fungi that results in a lichen is an example of:
A)commensalism.
B)ectoparasitism.
C)endoparasitism.
D)mutualism.
E)predation.
Q3) Diatoms are classified as members of the Division Chlorophyta.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The group of marine algae with the highest abundance and greatest geographic distribution belong to the Division Rhodophyta.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are baleen whales except:
A)blue whales.
B)fin whales.
C)gray whales.
D)right whales.
E)sperm whales.
Q2) The body shape among fishes varies greatly in accordance with habitat and life-style.A torpedo-shaped body is found among:
A)bottom-dwelling fishes.
B)demersal fishes.
C)fast swimming fishes.
D)fishes that live among rocks and vegetation.
E)slow swimming fishes.
Q3) All of the following are adaptations to life in the epipelagic zone except:
A)gas-filled bladders.
B)increased density.
C)increased surface area.
D)long appendages.
E)spines.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Animals of the Benthic Environment
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Primary producers in hydrothermal vent communities are:
A)algae.
B)eyeless shrimp.
C)giant clams.
D)Riftia tubeworms.
E)sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
Q2) The relationship between the protistan zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a(n):
A)facultative ectoparasitism.
B)facultative commensalism.
C)obligate endoparasitism.
D)obligate mutualistic endosymbiosis.
E)obligate commensalism.
Q3) Corals with delicate growth patterns are usually found:
A)below 150 m depth.
B)in the buttress zone.
C)in the spur-and-groove zone.
D)on the reef flat.
E)on the reef slope.
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Page 17