Management Theory and Practice
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Management Theory and Practice introduces students to the foundational concepts and contemporary applications of management within organizations. The course explores the evolution of management thought, major management functions, and the roles and responsibilities of managers in todays dynamic business environment. Topics include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, as well as decision-making, strategic management, motivation, team dynamics, and organizational structure. Through case studies and practical examples, students gain insights into how management theories are applied to real-world challenges, preparing them to adapt and thrive as effective managers in diverse organizational settings.
Recommended Textbook
MGMT Principles of Management 9th Edition by Chuck Williams
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert is a manager at Beta Corp.Many of his subordinates mention that they find it very easy to work and communicate with Robert.According to them,Robert is a good listener and communicates his ideas effectively.Moreover,he is sensitive to the feelings of others and encourages them to express their opinions.This scenario illustrates that that Robert has good _____.
A) technical skills
B) spatial skills
C) conceptual skills
D) human skills
Answer: D
Q2) In the _____,managers share the information they have collected with their subordinates and others in a company.
A) monitor role
B) figurehead role
C) spokesperson role
D) disseminator role
Answer: D
Q3) _________ is defined as getting work done through others.
Answer: Management
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The History of Management
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Q1) Mary Parker Follett believed that the best way to deal with conflict was _____.
A) integration
B) domination
C) coercion
D) compromise
Answer: A
Q2) _____ developed the fourteen principles of management.
A) Henri Fayol
B) Max Weber
C) Frank Gilbreth
D) Elton Mayo
Answer: A
Q3) Nearly all organizations should be viewed as open systems that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) _____ invented the micro chronometer.
Answer: Frank Gilbreth
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Chapter 3: Organizational Environments and Cultures
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Q1) An automobile manufacturing company has developed an electric car that uses sunlight to charge itself during movement.This new invention is a development in the _____ component of the general environment of the company.
A) technological
B) sociocultural
C) legal
D) economic
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is a sociocultural component in the general environment of a book publisher that can indirectly influence how it does business?
A) An increase in the number of competitors
B) The number of book distributors in a particular location
C) A trend toward less leisure time
D) An advocacy group supporting free books for children
Answer: C
Q3) _________ are companies in the same industry that sell similar products or services to customers.
Answer: Competitors
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Chapter 4: Ethics and Social Responsibility
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Q1) According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development,people at the _____ make decisions that are based on selfish reasons.
A) conventional level
B) unconventional level
C) preconventional level
D) postconventional level
Q2) Which of the following is an objective of ethics training?
A) To achieve credibility with employees
B) To enforce flexible ethical standards
C) To discourage employees from reporting violations
D) To delegate decision-making authorities to all employees
Q3) According to the _____,the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profits.
A) economic model
B) stakeholder model
C) shareholder model
D) accounting model
Q4) _________ is a business's obligation to pursue policies,make decisions,and take actions that benefit society.
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Chapter 5: Planning and Decision Making
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Q1) A _____ is a gap between a desired state and an existing state.
A) problem
B) benchmark
C) condition of certainty
D) minimum threshold
Q2) Top management is responsible for developing _____.
A) standing plans
B) tactical plans
C) operational plans
D) strategic plans
Q3) Which of the following is a decision-making method in which members of a panel of experts respond to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled?
A) Dialectical inquiry
B) Nominal group technique
C) Delphi technique
D) Devil's advocacy
Q4) _________ is a barrier to good decision making caused by pressure within the group for members to agree with each other.
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Chapter 6: Organizational Strategy
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Q1) Which of the following conditions must be met if a firm's resources are to be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage?
A) The resources must be cheap, common, and substitutable.
B) The resources must be fixed assets, such as machinery, buildings, and land.
C) The resources must be current assets, such as inventory.
D) The resources must be valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and nonsubstitutable.
Q2) In the context of adaptive strategies,which of the following best describes prospectors?
A) They seek moderate, steady growth by offering a limited range of products and services to a well-defined set of customers.
B) They seek fast growth by searching for new market opportunities, encouraging risk taking, and being the first to bring innovative new products to market.
C) They try to simultaneously minimize risk and maximize profits by following or imitating the proven successes of firms.
D) They do not follow a consistent strategy and tend to react to changes in their external environment after they occur.
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Chapter 7: Innovation and Change
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Q1) _________ is the phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function.
A.Technological discontinuity
B.Technological substitution
C.Technological lockout
D.Technological development
Q2) _____ are forces that produce differences in the form,quality,or condition of an organization over time.
A) Change forces
B) Resistance forces
C) Effort forces
D) Defiance forces
Q3) In an organization,organizational encouragement of creativity occurs when:
A) management encourages risk taking and new ideas.
B) supervisors provide clear goals.
C) group members have diverse experience and the group fosters mutual openness to ideas.
D) open interaction with subordinates is encouraged.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Global Management
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Q1) _____ is a technique in which trainees are placed in an ethnic neighborhood for three to four hours to talk to residents about cultural differences.
A) Field simulation training
B) Documentary training
C) Cultural simulation
D) Adaptability screening
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of the Maastricht Treaty of Europe?
A) Its purpose was to liberalize trade between countries so that businesses could plan for one market rather than for three separate markets.
B) Its purpose was to transform twelve different economies and currencies into one common economic market with one common currency.
C) Its purpose was to eliminate most product tariffs and prevent the member countries from increasing existing tariffs or introducing new ones.
D) Its purpose was to permit free movement between nations, creating a common infrastructure that includes an interoceanic highway.
Q3) A _________ is a nontax method of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods.
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Chapter 9: Designing Adaptive Organizations
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Q1) _________ is the vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout an organization.
A.Unity of command
B.The chain of command
C.Delegation of authority
D.Centralization of authority
Q2) In the context of the job characteristics model,_________ is the degree to which a job,from beginning to end,requires of a whole and identifiable piece of work.
Q3) Stephanie is a receptionist at Violetcoast Corp.Over a period of six months,Stephanie has done a variety of jobs,such as data entry and preparing financial statements,along with her daily work.This scenario is an example of _____.
A) job enrichment
B) job enlargement
C) job specialization
D) job rotation
Q4) In the context of organizational structure,_________ is the right to give commands,take action,and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives.
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Chapter 10: Managing Teams
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Q1) Which of the following is an advantage of project teams?
A) They give full autonomy to team members.
B) They offer permanent membership.
C) They allow employees to work remotely.
D) They reduce communication barriers.
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive conflict?
A) Reconciliation
B) Resentment
C) Cynicism
D) Hostility
Q3) Computer programmers working on separate projects in the same department of a company are considered a team.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Gainsharing works best in unstable environments where employees are required to learn additional skills or knowledge.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Managing Human Resource Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of adverse impact,a criterion used in determining whether companies have engaged in discriminatory hiring and promotion practices?
A) A company's hiring policies dictated that only 10% of the employees in the company can be women.
B) The women in a company were given responsibilities equal to that of men but were paid lesser salaries than men.
C) Sixty percent of the questions on a competitive exam taken by blacks, Hispanics, and Chinese were on African American history, and most of the candidates who passed the test were blacks.
D) The chief executive officer of an American company blatantly refused to employ an African American although he had an excellent academic record and was also the best performer in the interview.
Q2) Which of the following is an external recruitment method?
A) Promotion
B) Job posting
C) Transfer
D) Walk-in
Q3) _________ is the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Work Force
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Q1) The term _____ refers to a variety of demographic,cultural,and personal differences among an organization's employees and customers.
A) conscientiousness
B) attrition
C) diversity
D) integrity
Q2) The _________ measures the extent to which people associate positive or negative thoughts with blacks or whites,men or women,homosexuals or heterosexuals,young or old,or other groups.
A.Specific Ability Test
B.Cognitive Ability Test
C.Implicit Association Test
D.Situational Judgement Test
Q3) Which of the following is true of diversity?
A) It curbs business growth.
B) It often leads to expensive lawsuits.
C) It increases employee turnover.
D) It decreases absenteeism.
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14
Chapter 13: Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) With fixed interval reinforcement schedules,consequences follow a behavior only after a fixed time has elapsed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the context of equity theory,_________ are the contributions employees make to an organization.
Q3) In the context of goal-setting theory,which of the following measures should managers take to motivate employees?
A) Managers should make sure workers truly accept organizational goals.
B) Managers should refrain from giving performance feedback.
C) Managers should set broad and easy goals.
D) Managers should not involve employees in goal setting.
Q4) Reinforcement contingencies directly affect valences,instrumentality,and effort. A)True
B)False
Q5) In the context of motivation,persistence of effort is concerned with the choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their jobs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Leadership
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Q1) Transactional leadership is much more effective on average than transformational leadership.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the context of the components of transformational leadership,_________ means that transformational leaders motivate and inspire followers by providing meaning and challenge to their work.
Q3) _________ means that transformational leaders encourage followers to be creative and innovative,to question assumptions,and to look at problems and situations in new ways even if their ideas are different from those of leaders.
A.Individualized consideration
B.Idealized influence
C.Intellectual stimulation
D.Inspirational motivation
Q4) Trait theory says that effective leaders possess set of traits or characteristics different from each other.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Managing Communication
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Q1) _____ is the process by which individuals attend to,organize,interpret,and retain information from their environments.
A) Active hearing
B) Passive listening
C) Perception
D) Apprehension
Q2) _________ are personality-,psychology-,or experience-based differences that influence people to ignore or pay attention to particular stimuli.
Q3) Which of the following is one of the mistakes that managers tend to make when they are coaching employees?
A) They address employees' problems immediately after the employees make mistakes.
B) They wait too long before talking to employees about the problem.
C) They refer the employees to externally appointed physiologists.
D) They require the employees to pay for their additional training.
Q4) Listening is an involuntary behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A _________ is a method used to deliver a message.
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Chapter 16: Control
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of standards?
A) A standard may have to be changed if it does not help in achieving company goals.
B) A company's standard must always be the same as its competitors'.
C) A standard should not align with employees' actual performance.
D) A standard should always enhance the productivity of a firm's employees.
Q2) Customer defections have a great effect on profits.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Economic value added (EVA)does not specify what should or should not be done to improve performance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The second phase in the development of concertive control involves:
A) the formalization of objective rules to guide and control behavior.
B) the validation of procedures that allow group members to self-manage.
C) the ousting of group members who are deemed to be unfit for the group.
D) the evaluation of a group's performance to determine its continuance or discontinuance.
Q5) _________ occurs when behavior and work procedures do not conform to standards.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Managing Information
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Q1) Innove Tech is a technological firm that wants to build a global service delivery system.It has consulted a larger firm,Ziff Corp.,to obtain the proven technology required to establish this system.In the context of the costs of useful information,Innove Tech incurred _____ costs.
A) processing
B) retrieval
C) acquisition
D) storage
Q2) The term _________ refers to facts and figures that are unusable unless they have meaning.
Q3) Which of the following leads to sustainable competitive advantage?
A) A similarity in information technology used across competing firms
B) A high potential for competing firms to create or buy a company's information technology
C) Continuous improvement of the hardware and software used by a company
D) Using information technology to continuously improve the core functions of a company
Q4) _________ stores huge amounts of data that have been prepared for data mining analysis by being cleaned of errors and redundancy.
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Chapter 18: Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations
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Q1) Manufacturing operations are classified according to the depth of their inventory stock.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Internal service quality means that an entire organization,from top to bottom,should be focused on meeting customers' needs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A _____ operation does not start processing or assembling products until it receives a customer request.
A) line-flow
B) make-to-order
C) make-to-stock
D) continuous-flow
Q4) ISO 9000 is a series of five international standards for achieving consistency in quality management and quality assurance in companies throughout the world.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
Q5) _________ is the average overall inventory during a particular time period.
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