Lifespan Development Test Bank
Course Introduction
Lifespan Development explores the patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire human life. The course examines key theoretical frameworks and research findings related to physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development from infancy through late adulthood. Major topics include genetic and environmental influences, developmental milestones, and the challenges and transitions unique to each stage of life. Through the integration of contemporary studies and classical perspectives, students gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic processes that shape human development across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
HDEV 5th Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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19 Chapters
2228 Verified Questions
2228 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theories, and Methods
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud, which aspect of our personality is present at birth?
A) The superego
B) The id
C) The ego
D) The archetype
Answer: B
Q2) In the context of theories of development, a cognitive theorist is most likely to study:
A) how children confront and resolve developmental crises in their lives.
B) how the id, ego, and superego work together to form a healthy personality.
C) how patterns of reinforcement and punishment promote learning.
D) how children perceive and mentally represent the world.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following factors plays a role in fixation during the anal stage of development?
A) Strict toilet training
B) Excessive breast feeding
C) Excess work load in school
D) Interaction with children of the opposite sex
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Heredity and Prenatal Development
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115 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Before meiosis, a sperm cell:
A) contains 46 chromosomes.
B) contains two X chromosomes.
C) is significantly larger than an egg cell.
D) contains both an X and a Y chromosome.
Answer: A
Q2) Discuss the types of teratogens.
Answer: Answers will vary. Teratogens are environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus. They include drugs taken by the mother, such as marijuana and alcohol, and substances that the mother's body produces, such as Rh-positive antibodies. Another class of teratogens is the heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, which are toxic to the embryo. Hormones are healthful in countless ways-for example, they help maintain pregnancy-but excessive quantities are harmful to the embryo. Exposure to radiation can also harm the embryo. Finally, disease-causing organisms-also called pathogens-such as bacteria and viruses are also teratogens.
Q3) Dizygotic (DZ) twins run in families.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following events signals the beginning of childbirth?
A) The emergence of the baby from the birth canal
B) The beginning of the Braxton-Hicks contractions
C) The secretion of dopamine
D) The occurrence of regular uterine contractions
Answer: D
Q2) Discuss some of the signs of prematurity in infants.
Answer: Answers will vary. Preterm babies are relatively thin because they have not yet formed the layer of fat that gives full-term children their round, robust appearance. They often have fine, downy hair, referred to as lanugo, and an oily white substance on the skin known as vernix. If the babies are born six weeks or more before term, their nipples will not have emerged. The testicles of boys born this early will not yet have descended into the scrotum. Boys with undescended testes at birth are at higher risk for testicular cancer later in life.
Q3) Preterm infants profit from early stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Infancy: Physical Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ refers to the tendency of growth rates to return to normal after undergoing environmentally induced change.
A) Canalization
B) Myelination
C) Differentiation
D) Habituation
Q2) Which of the following is true of neurons?
A) A neonate has lesser neurons than an adult.
B) A neonate's spinal cord contains more neurons than the brain.
C) As a child matures, axons in neurons shorten.
D) Infants are born with about 100 billion neurons, most of which are in the brain.
Q3) Breakdown of myelin is believed to be associated with _____, a source of cognitive decline that begins later in life.
A) multiple sclerosis
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) autism
D) Down syndrome
Q4) Briefly explain the structures of the brain.
Q5) Discuss the changes that take place when an infant becomes a toddler.
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Chapter 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a similarity between cooing and babbling?
A) Both do not represent objects or actions.
B) Both sound like human speech.
C) Both are related to experiences of pain.
D) Both are used to express meaning.
Q2) True words are symbols of objects and events.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to research by Rose and her colleagues, it was shown that, from age to age, individual differences in capacity for visual recognition memory:
A) are stable.
B) increase dramatically.
C) increase gradually.
D) decrease dramatically.
Q4) Which of the following is used in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
A) A scale measuring the environmental influences on an infant
B) A behavior rating scale
C) A scale measuring the cultural influences on an infant
D) A maternal behavior scale
Q5) Discuss the role of reinforcement in prelinguistic vocalization.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues, which of the following phases of attachment is characterized by intensified dependence on the primary caregiver, usually the mother?
A) The attachment-in-the-making phase
B) The clear-cut-attachment phase
C) The initial-preattachment phase
D) The indiscriminate-attachment phase
Q2) Contact comfort is the pleasure derived from physical contact with another.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to studies by Beebe et al. in 2010 and Stupica et al. in 2011, which of the following is true of attachment patterns?
A) They are not influenced by a deterioration in home life.
B) They become unstable when an insecure infant suddenly becomes securely attached over a six-month period.
C) They remain unstable for infants receiving fine care.
D) They tend to persist when caregiving conditions remain constant.
Q4) Are attachment patterns in infants influenced by the quality of infant care?
Q5) What is social referencing?
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Chapter 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) By the age of five, a child's brain:
A) has reached 50% of its adult weight.
B) has reached 75% of its adult weight.
C) has reached 90% of its adult weight.
D) has reached 10% of its adult weight.
Q2) American children between the ages of one and three average eight to nine minor illnesses a year.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the context of height and weight gains during early childhood, as compared with infancy, _____.
A) boys and girls gain some more baby fat
B) boys and girls become more slender
C) girls as a group become heavier and taller than boys
D) girls as a group outgrow boys significantly
Q4) Sleep terrors usually occur during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Write a note on a theory of mind.
Page 9
Q6) Provide a brief account of encopresis.
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solitary play is an example of _____.
A) cooperative play
B) nonsocial play
C) symbolic play
D) associative play
Q2) According to the cognitive-developmental view of gender typing proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, children:
A) use gender as one way of organizing their perceptions of the world.
B) form concepts about gender and then fit their behavior to the concepts.
C) can distinguish whether they are boys or girls at the age of one year.
D) can discriminate anatomic gender differences at the age of 18 months.
Q3) A child playing a board game is engaged in _____.
A) functional play
B) constructive play
C) prosocial behaviors
D) formal games
Q4) Briefly explain the self-concept.
Q5) In the context of children's psychological development, briefly explain the stage of initiative versus guilt.
Q6) How are later-born children different from first-born children? Page 11
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Chapter 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is accurate of growth patterns in the middle childhood years?
A) In middle childhood, the average child's body weight doubles.
B) Girls are heavier and taller than boys through the age of nine or ten.
C) From the age of 11, boys develop relatively more body fat than girls do.
D) Children in middle childhood experience an even, slow growth rate.
Q2) Write a brief note about creativity.
Q3) According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which of the following statements is true of the postconventional level?
A) It is the period during which reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards.
B) It is characterized by a respect for authority and duty.
C) It is the period during which rules are perceived as the ultimate reality.
D) It is characterized by an orientation toward obedience and punishment.
Q4) Down's syndrome is caused due to:
A) racial and ethnic differences.
B) impoverished home environments.
C) neonatal brain damage.
D) chromosomal abnormalities.
Q5) How do sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory differ?
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Chapter 10: Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research by Tobin et al. in 2010 and Underwood & Rosen in 2011, in middle childhood, girls tend to have more positive self-concept regarding _____ than boys.
A) general academics
B) mathematics
C) physical ability
D) physical appearance
Q2) Discuss the origins and treatment of conduct disorders.
Q3) In the context of child development, a similarity between schools and parents is that both:
A) make demands for mature behavior.
B) act as important confidants.
C) discourage empowerment of students at a young age.
D) refrain from setting limits on behavior.
Q4) Discuss the dilemma of marital conflict. Should a couple remain married for the sake of their children?
Q5) Discuss conduct disorders that are noticed in middle childhood.
Q6) In the context of education, discuss the Pygmalion effect.
Q7) Discuss parent-child relationships during middle childhood.
Q8) Describe the influences of schools on child development in middle childhood. Page 14
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Page 15
Chapter 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development
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121 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in cognitive abilities?
A) Boys begin to outperform girls on many types of visual-spatial tasks starting at age eight or nine.
B) Males acquire language faster than females and surpass them in verbal ability throughout their lives.
C) Historically, It has been believed that female adolescents generally outperform males in mathematics.
D) Girls in the United States are more likely than boys to have problems understanding abstract concepts.
Q2) The transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by an increase in grades and participation in school activities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the factors contributing to eating disorders in American adolescents.
Q4) Substance abuse is the leading cause of death in the United States for adolescents. A)True B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 12: Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development
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126 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify a true statement about antisocial and criminal behaviors by adolescents.
A) Many juvenile delinquency cases may be disposed of informally, as by referral to a mental health agency.
B) About eight in ten serious crimes in the United States are committed by individuals under the age of 21.
C) About seven in ten serious crimes in the United States are committed by individuals under the age of 18.
D) Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior such as robbery.
Q2) According to researchers, what are the three stages in the development of ethnic identity?
Q3) How do parents and peers influence sexual activity during adolescence?
Q4) In the context of adolescence, discuss sexual orientation and sexual identity.
Q5) A strong sense of identity is associated with high self-esteem in adolescents.
A)True
B)False
Q6) List at least five warning signs of suicide among adolescents.
Q7) Describe Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development.
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Chapter 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the stages in Donald Super's theory of career development.
Q2) The primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide is by injecting drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is true of cognitive development?
A) As with physical development, people are at the height of their cognitive powers during late adulthood.
B) People typically retain their verbal skills and may even show improvement in vocabulary and general knowledge as they age.
C) Performance on tasks that require reasoning or problem-solving speeds, and visual-spatial skills tends to decline in early adulthood.
D) Crystallized intelligence is more susceptible to age than fluid intelligence.
Q4) In the context of weight management, which of the following statements is true?
A) It is widely accepted that heredity plays a role in overweight in humans.
B) Efforts by overweight people to maintain a slender profile is complemented by the mechanism of adaptive thermogenesis.
C) Obesity is related to psychological factors but not to biological factors.
D) Obesity is related to biological factors but not to psychological factors.
Page 18
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Chapter 14: Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Angeline and Miguel have been dating for almost a year. Six months ago, Miguel moved in with Angeline as they wished to test their compatibility before deciding to get married. This scenario exemplifies:
A) polygamy.
B) serial monogamy.
C) empty love.
D) cohabitation.
Q2) Discuss cohabitation among young adults.
Q3) Andrea and Keith are in love with each other. They have been together for four years and share passionate intimacy. They are committed to each other and plan to marry soon. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, Andrea and Keith's relationship can best be termed as:
A) romantic love.
B) infatuation.
C) companionate love.
D) consummate love.
Q4) Explain the attraction-similarity hypothesis.
Q5) Explain the concept of reciprocity.
Q6) Discuss the emotional force called attraction with reference to young adults.
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Chapter 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following faculties is more related to crystallized intelligence than fluid intelligence?
A) Inductive reasoning
B) Spatial orientation
C) Numeric ability
D) Perceptual speed
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of inflammation?
A) It is the primary function of the cardiovascular system.
B) It is characterized by unpleasant sensations, such as hot flushes and night sweats.
C) It leads to an increase in the brittleness and porosity of bones.
D) It increases the supply of white blood cells that combat antigens at the points of damage.
Q3) _________is a common vision problem that makes it difficult for a person to accommodate to nearby objects or fine print.
A) Color blindness
B) Presbyopia
C) Myopia
D) Osteoporosis
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Chapter 16: Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the five-factor model of personality.
Q2) The term "sandwich generation" refers to older adults who are squeezed into homes with their children and grandchildren.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the relationship that middle-aged children share with aging parents.
Q4) Which of the following will have a moderating effect on stressful life events?
A) Having a greater number of life events occur at one time
B) Having understanding and supportive family members
C) Having few resources to tackle the challenges posed by the life events
D) Using alcohol to help relax
Q5) In a study administered by Alyssa Zucker and her colleagues to college-educated women, it was found that despite increasing concern with aging, _________was lower among older women, suggesting, perhaps, that older women are more settled.
A) generativity
B) confident power
C) personal distress
D) identity certainty
Q6) Discuss grandparenting challenges faced by middle-aged adults.
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Chapter 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________is joint inflammation that results from conditions affecting the structures inside and surrounding the joints.
A) Arthritis
B) Osteoporosis
C) Atrophy
D) Osteonecrosis
Q2) Which of the following factors might help older women reduce the risk of hip fractures?
A) A no-dairy diet intake
B) High-intensity cardio workouts
C) A high-protein diet intake
D) Walking as regular exercise
Q3) Discuss the occurrence and reasons of arthritis among late adults.
Q4) Glaucoma is characterized by:
A) the buildup of fluid pressure inside the eyeball.
B) the weakening of the ciliary muscles.
C) clouding of the eye lens.
D) inflammation and damage of the retina.
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Q5) How does psychologist Lynn Hasher associate the distractibility of older adults with their wisdom?
Chapter 18: Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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Q1) Discuss the incidence and causes of depression among people in the late adulthood stage of life.
Q2) Older adults may be reluctant to relocate to nursing homes because:
A) they afford and prefer live-in nursing staff.
B) close family members usually live near nursing homes.
C) nursing homes signify the loss of independence.
D) they fear exposure to crimes of violence.
Q3) Who among the following is most likely to show the least adjustment to retirement?
A) A doctor
B) A firefighter
C) A professor
D) A lawyer
Q4) _____ is the fear of open, crowded places.
A) Acarophobia
B) Acerophobia
C) Agoraphobia
D) Agraphobia
Q5) Discuss divorce, cohabitation, and remarriage among people in the late adulthood stage of life.
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Chapter 19: Lifes
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Q1) Discuss children's understanding and reaction to death.
Q2) A living will is a legal document that people usually draft before their terminal illness. It instructs physicians:
A) to not carry out either involuntary active euthanasia or passive euthanasia if they are disabled or incapacitated.
B) to administer a drug and assist in the patient's suicide.
C) to resort to passive euthanasia if they become permanently incapacitated and cannot communicate their wishes.
D) to not withhold life-supporting treatment if they are in a vegetative state.
Q3) Discuss critics' exceptions to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's hypothesis of the five stages of dying.
Q4) What advice should be given to an individual to help him or her support a person who is dying?
Q5) In contrast to hospitals, hospices provide the patient and family with as much control over decision making as possible.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the stage theory of grief.
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