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Life Science Final Exam - 2017 Verified Questions

Page 1


Life Science

Final Exam

Course Introduction

Life Science is an introductory course that explores the various aspects of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. The course covers fundamental concepts such as cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecosystems, and the diversity of life forms. Students will investigate biological processes at both the molecular and organismal levels and gain a foundational understanding of how living things grow, reproduce, and respond to their surroundings. Emphasis is placed on scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and connections between biology and everyday life, preparing students for further studies in biological sciences and related fields.

Recommended Textbook

Biology The Essentials 3rd Edition by Marille Hoefnagels Dr

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30 Chapters

2017 Verified Questions

2017 Flashcards

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Page 2

Chapter 1: The Scientific Study of Life

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41 Verified Questions

41 Flashcards

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Sample Questions

Q1) Organisms that extract energy from nonliving environmental resources are called A) heterotrophs.

B) decomposers.

C) parasites.

D) consumers.

E) producers.

Answer: E

Q2) In cleaning up after lab,you have to sort cards into boxes.You would put all of the below cards into a box marked "ecosystem" except

A) community.

B) biosphere.

C) populations.

D) organisms.

E) nonliving environmental components.

Answer: B

Q3) The scientific method cannot be used to answer questions about immaterial and philosophical issues.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life

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Sample Questions

Q1) If an atom exists in nature with a valence shell that is full,then it is

A) highly reactive.

B) chemically unstable.

C) highly likely to combine with other atoms.

D) found only in a gas form.

E) inert.

Answer: E

Q2) As part of a lab exam,you are given a vial of orange crystals.When you add them to pure,neutral pH water,the pH changes to 13.Other tests show that the crystals consist of a single chemical.You could conclude the chemical is

A) a weak acid.

B) a weak base.

C) neutral.

D) a strong acid.

E) a strong base.

Answer: E

Q3) Water is a compound.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Chapter 3: Cells

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Sample Questions

Q1) Some prokaryotes do have internal membranes,used in detecting gravity.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q2) You are working on a forensics team and collect cells from a crime scene.The cells have a cell wall made of cellulose.This sample most likely came from

A) an animal.

B) a bacterium.

C) a plant.

D) a fungus.

E) an archaean.

Answer: C

Q3) Penicillin halts bacterial infections by

A) stimulating a person's immune system.

B) damaging the cell membrane.

C) interfering with the construction of the cell wall.

D) causing the DNA of a bacterium to mutate.

E) All answers are correct.

Answer: C

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Page 5

Chapter 4: The Energy of Life

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Sample Questions

Q1) Dye placed at one end of a beaker of otherwise pure water will

A) diffuse towards the other side.

B) remain in place.

C) slowly bleach.

D) form crystals.

E) No answer is correct.

Q2) Which statement is not directly connected with the law about energy being conserved?

A) The amount of energy in the universe is constant.

B) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

C) Energy can be converted to other forms of energy.

D) Any energy transformation loses some energy to its surroundings as heat.

E) None of the answers are correct.

Q3) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

A)True

B)False

Q4) When the concentration gradient driving osmosis becomes larger,osmosis occurs at a faster rate.

A)True

B)False

Page 6

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Chapter 5: Photosynthesis

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Sample Questions

Q1) The energy source for photosynthesis is

A) oxygen.

B) sunlight.

C) carbon dioxide.

D) chlorophyll.

E) glucose.

Q2) What is produced in the light reactions that is used in the carbon reactions of photosynthesis?

A) ATP and NADPH

B) ADP and NADP

C) carbon dioxide and oxygen

D) water and glucose

E) oxygen and glucose

Q3) What is released at each step of an electron transport chain?

A) ultraviolet wavelengths

B) electrons

C) photons

D) energy

E) All answers are correct.

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Page 7

Chapter 6: Respiration and Fermentation

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Sample Questions

Q1) In the electron transport chain,which structure forms a channel in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and adds phosphate to ADP?

A) ATP synthase

B) NADH synthase

C) FADH synthase

D) ADP synthase

E) NADPH synthase

Q2) In plants,chloroplasts function as the site of cellular respiration.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The reactants for cellular respiration are

A) glucose and ATP.

B) water and ATP.

C) oxygen and ATP.

D) glucose and oxygen.

E) carbon dioxide and glucose.

Q4) Energy cannot be extracted from lipids by cellular respiration.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 7: DNA Structure and Gene Function

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Sample Questions

Q1) A DNA sequence that signals the start of a gene is

A) a codon.

B) an anticodon.

C) a terminator.

D) a promoter.

E) an amino acid attachment site.

Q2) Mutations can be caused by chemicals.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Mutations produce new alleles that may

A) be beneficial to the organism's fitness.

B) have no effect on the organism's fitness.

C) decrease the organism's fitness.

D) increase diversity at a genetic locus.

E) All answers are correct.

Q4) A poly A tail is added to the mature mRNA after transcription.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 8: DNA Replication,Binary Fission,and Mitosis

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Sample Questions

Q1) The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is

A) metaphase.

B) prophase.

C) interphase.

D) anaphase.

E) telophase.

Q2) Which of the following does not increase the risk for developing cancer?

A) vigorous exercise

B) poor diet

C) obesity

D) sun exposure

E) tobacco

Q3) The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is

A) amylase.

B) transcriptase.

C) ligase.

D) helicase.

E) DNA polymerase.

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Page 10

Chapter 9: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

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Sample Questions

Q1) Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ________ and then divides ________.

A) twice; once

B) once; twice C) twice; twice

D) once; once

E) No answer is correct.

Q2) 2<i>n</i> is an abbreviation for A) diploid.

B) gametes.

C) haploid.

D) mitosis.

E) meiosis.

Q3) When chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis,this is known as A) crossing over. B) nondisjunction.

C) translocation.

D) random separation. E) mitosis.

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11

Chapter 10: Patterns of Inheritance

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Sample Questions

Q1) The most common allele,genotype,or phenotype in a population is referred to as the A) wild type.

B) dominant population.

C) recessive population.

D) P generation.

E) F1 generation.

Q2) If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is

A) homozygous.

B) homologous.

C) heterozygous.

D) dominant.

E) recessive.

Q3) In the ABO blood type system the alleles <i>I </i>,<i>I </i>,and <i>i</i> produce A) three phenotypes.

B) two phenotypes.

C) one phenotype.

D) four phenotypes.

E) type A and type B blood types only.

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12

Chapter 11: DNA Technology

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the correct order of steps to create a transgenic organism?

A) acquire source DNA, obtain a plasmid, create recombinant DNA, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell

B) obtain a plasmid, create recombinant DNA, acquire source DNA, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell

C) obtain a plasmid, acquire source DNA, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell, create recombinant DNA

D) insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell, obtain a plasmid, acquire source DNA, create recombinant DNA

E) acquire source DNA, obtain a plasmid, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell, create recombinant DNA

Q2) The results of DNA sequencing are used

A) to predict protein sequences.

B) to compare DNA sequences between humans.

C) to compare DNA sequences between different species.

D) to compare DNA sequences between related extinct and extant organisms.

E) All answers are correct.

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Page 13

Chapter 12: Forces of Evolutionary Change

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Sample Questions

Q1) Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli,cauliflower,kale,and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through

A) artificial selection.

B) evolution.

C) genetic drift.

D) natural selection.

E) sexual selection.

Q2) The observable properties of genes is an organism's A) genotype.

B) phenotype.

C) allele frequency.

D) gene pool.

E) macroevolution.

Q3) Natural selection is a random process.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The chance that a mutation will occur is independent of whether a new phenotype will benefit a population.

A)True

B)False

Page 14

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Chapter 13: Evidence of Evolution

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Sample Questions

Q1) If many genes from two species differ in about 5% of their bases and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 5% per one million years,approximately how many years have passed since the two species diverged?

A) 1 million

B) 5 million

C) 10 million

D) 20 million

E) 50 million

Q2) The sequence of eras beginning with the earliest era and proceeding forward to the most recent era in the geologic timescale is

A) Archean - Mesozoic - Cenozoic.

B) Cenozoic - Archean - Mesozoic.

C) Archean - Paleozoic - Proterozoic.

D) Mesozoic - Cenozoic - Paleozoic.

E) Paleozoic - Mesozoic - Cenozoic.

Q3) Data from embyros can be used to help establish evolutionary relationships.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 14: Speciation and Extinction

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Sample Questions

Q1) Punctuated equilibrium is the steady,gradual loss of species due to normal evolutionary processes.

A)True

B)False

Q2) What is the most inclusive level of the hierarchical classification scheme?

A) domain

B) phylum

C) kingdom

D) genus

E) species

Q3) If you saw two populations of a species of snail,separated by a water-filled valley that they could not cross,you might eventually expect to see speciation due to

A) mechanical isolation.

B) habitat isolation.

C) hybrid inviability.

D) behavioral isolation.

E) temporal isolation.

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Chapter 15: Evolution and Diversity of Microbial Life

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Sample Questions

Q1) In setting up a lab for a general biology course,you are asked to match labels with a timeline on the wall.For "First Cells," you need to find a point on the timeline

A) 500 million years ago.

B) 1.2 billion years ago.

C) two billion years ago.

D) six billion years ago.

E) four billion years ago.

Q2) The Russian chemist Oparin suggested that for organic molecules to form on Earth,the atmosphere was probably rich in all of these except

A) oxygen.

B) water.

C) ammonia.

D) methane.

E) hydrogen.

Q3) RNA was the first molecule carrying genetic information.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 16: Evolution and Diversity of Plants

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Sample Questions

Q1) What evolved in terrestrial plants to allow the exchange of gases with air?

A) pollen

B) stomata

C) vascular tissues

D) cuticle

E) lignin

Q2) How have plants transformed the world?

A) They are a food source for many animals, fungi, and even some prokaryotes and protists.

B) They are a habitat for breeding, rearing young, and escaping predators.

C) Photosynthesis provides oxygen for aerobic respiration to make ATP.

D) Fibers are used for clothing and paper.

E) All answers are correct.

Q3) The cones of gymnosperms play the same role as ________ in angiosperms.

A) flowers

B) seeds

C) leaves

D) fruit

E) roots

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Page 18

Chapter 17: Evolution and Diversity of Animals

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Sample Questions

Q1) A tunicate is a(n)

A) invertebrate chordate.

B) vertebrate.

C) echinoderm.

D) amphibian.

E) fish.

Q2) Which of the following is not a reptile?

A) bat

B) snake

C) crocodile

D) turtle

E) penguin

Q3) Sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to the phylum

A) Cnidaria.

B) Arthropoda.

C) Echinodermata.

D) Nematoda.

E) Mollusca.

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Chapter 18: Populations

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Sample Questions

Q1) Hydra,a type of cnidarian,have equal survival rates through life because they are equally fit at all stages.Hydra are an example of an organism with a type ________ survivorship curve.

A) 0

B) I

C) II

D) III

E) IV

Q2) An example of a density-independent factor that affects a population's growth is A) insects eating your tomato plants.

B) your tomato plants competing for water.

C) a fungus infecting your tomato plants.

D) frost killing all of your tomato plants.

E) All answers are correct.

Q3) The overall human population growth rate is steadily increasing each year.

A)True B)False

Q4) When exponential growth is plotted over time a J-shaped curve emerges. A)True B)False

Page 20

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Chapter 19: Communities and Ecosystems

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Sample Questions

Q1) If you gave N to a culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria,you would expect to detect

A) nitrates.

B) ammonium ions.

C) nitrites.

D) carbon dioxide.

E) methane.

Q2) Which item helps compose a living thing rather then being a major component of soil?

A) rock fragments

B) organic matter

C) microbes

D) bacteria

E) chloroplasts

Q3) Tropical rain forest soils are usually

A) nutrient-rich.

B) low in organic matter.

C) nutrient-poor and low in organic matter.

D) nutrient-rich and low in organic matter.

E) nutrient-poor.

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Page 21

Chapter 20: Preserving Biodiversity

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is not a "greenhouse gas"?

A) carbon dioxide

B) methane

C) nitrous oxide

D) oxygen

E) CFCs

Q2) The ________ in the stratosphere above Earth's surface absorbs much of the harmful UV wavelengths of light.

A) benthic zone

B) ozone layer

C) cumulus clouds

D) particulate layer

E) profundal zone

Q3) What areas are most susceptible to loss of biodiversity?

A) open ocean

B) locations near human activities

C) rain forests

D) temperate forests

E) polar regions

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Page 22

Chapter 21: Plant Form and Function

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Sample Questions

Q1) The evaporation of water from the leaf of a plant is

A) totally prevented by the leaf's cuticle.

B) not affected by temperature.

C) condensation.

D) transpiration.

E) precipitation.

Q2) Bean plants significantly change the development of their roots when they make nodules,as well as diverting energy and resources for this change.Given the critical role of normal roots,why would the plant make this change?

A) because Rhizobium produces ammonium (NH )

B) because Rhizobium produces nitrogen (N )

C) because Rhizobium produces sugars

D) because Rhizobium protects the plants from predators

E) because Rhizobium protects the plants from parasites

Q3) Plants need nitrogen to make

A) amino acids.

B) proteins.

C) nucleic acids.

D) chlorophyll.

E) All answers are correct.

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Chapter 22: Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

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Sample Questions

Q1) If asked to place a label in the pollen-producing part of a flower,you would put the label on the

A) stigma.

B) style.

C) ovary.

D) sepal.

E) anther.

Q2) Cytokinins are plant hormones that stimulate the ripening of fruit.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Coconuts are fruits containing seeds that are usually wind-dispersed.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The number of similar anatomical parts,called whorls,that make up a flower is

A) one.

B) two.

C) three.

D) four.

E) five.

Page 24

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Chapter 23: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is a principal mechanism by which endotherms obtain body heat?

A) generate heat via metabolism

B) seek sunshine

C) bask on warm rocks

D) make an insulated burrow

E) tuck legs into the body

Q2) If you found a dinosaur fossil in which the nasal cavity cross section was proportionally as large as in a dog,you would probably have found an endothermal dinosaur.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Blood vessels are lined by a single layer of flattened cells.Which type of cells line blood vessels?

A) stratified squamous

B) simple cuboidal

C) simple squamous

D) simple columnar

E) pseudostratified columnar

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25

Chapter 24: The Nervous System and the Senses

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is detected with the general senses?

A) the sound of someone's voice

B) a tap on the shoulder

C) the smell of a campfire

D) the taste of a new food

E) the colors of a painting

Q2) In the diagram,the squares which are transported from a neuron,through the synaptic cleft,and received by the receptors of another cell are called

A) sodium ions.

B) potassium ions.

C) neurotransmitters.

D) oxygen molecules.

E) neuroglia.

Q3) Unmyelinated regions are critical parts of synapses.

A)True

B)False

Q4) A threshold potential is like a tipping point past which an action potential starts.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 25: The Endocrine System

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which would you expect in the blood of a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A) no change in either TSH and thyroid hormones

B) a decrease in both TSH and thyroid hormones

C) an increase in TSH and a decrease in thyroid hormones

D) an increase in both TSH and thyroid hormones

E) a decrease in TSH and an increase in thyroid hormones

Q2) Which organ was being affected by the BPA that led to decreased LH in the blood?

A) ovary

B) kidney

C) pituitary

D) thyroid

E) pancreas

Q3) Which has its primary effect on the brain's pain receptors?

A) ACTH

B) FSH and LH

C) endorphins

D) oxytocin

E) ADH

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Chapter 26: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

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Sample Questions

Q1) The breast muscle of a wild duck is dark,while that of a domesticated chicken is white.The breast muscles in a wild duck are

A) fast-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.

B) slow-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.

C) slow-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.

D) fast-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.

E) a mix of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles.

Q2) What connective tissue provides a mold that bone replaces until bone growth is complete?

A) cartilage

B) red bone marrow

C) yellow bone marrow

D) compact bone

E) spongy bone

Q3) If a growth plate is damaged before bone growth is complete,what may result?

A) Additional cartilage will be added to the growth plate.

B) The bone will not grow to its full length.

C) The bone will continue to grow unchecked.

D) The cartilage will continue to grow unchecked.

E) Red bone marrow will not form because of a reduced marrow cavity.

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Chapter 27: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

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Sample Questions

Q1) Diastolic pressure reflects the A) contraction of the atria.

B) contraction of the ventricles.

C) relaxation of the ventricles.

D) relaxation of the atria.

E) heart rate.

Q2) Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include A) mollusks.

B) reptiles.

C) birds.

D) fishes.

E) mammals.

Q3) The signal for the heart to contract begins at the sinoatrial node.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Capillary beds are networks of capillaries that connect arterioles and venules.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 28: The Digestive and Urinary Systems

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Sample Questions

Q1) Animals that eat only plants are

A) omnivores.

B) herbivores.

C) carnivores.

D) detritivores.

E) insectivores.

Q2) If you eat a lot of meat,one enzyme needed to break down all of that protein would be

A) lipase.

B) lactase.

C) pepsin.

D) amylase.

E) bile.

Q3) Animals that eat a broad variety of foods,including plants and animals,are A) carnivores.

B) herbivores.

C) detritivores.

D) omnivores.

E) insectivores.

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Page 30

Chapter 29: The Immune System

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Sample Questions

Q1) The type of cell that is primarily responsible for initiating and coordinating the adaptive immune response is the B cell.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

A) antibiotic.

B) virus.

C) antiviral.

D) vaccination.

E) injection.

Q3) Which is correct about primary and secondary immune responses?

A) The primary immune response occurs first.

B) The primary immune response is slower.

C) Both respond to foreign antigens.

D) Both are responses of adaptive immunity.

E) All answers are correct.

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Chapter 30: Animal Reproduction and Development

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Sample Questions

Q1) An intrauterine device (IUD)prevents pregnancy by blocking the sperms from entering into the vagina.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Menopause

A) is the cessation of menstruation.

B) is the cessation of sperm production.

C) is the beginning of menstruation.

D) begins in most females at puberty.

E) begins in most males at puberty.

Q3) Human reproduction can result in a

A) new gamete.

B) genetically identical copy of an existing human.

C) genetically identical cell.

D) genetically different cell.

E) genetically unique offspring.

Q4) The ovarian cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

A)True

B)False

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