Learning and Behavior Question
Bank
Course Introduction
Learning and Behavior explores the fundamental principles and processes through which organisms acquire new behaviors and modify existing ones. The course examines classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, and the roles of reinforcement, punishment, and motivation. Students investigate both animal and human studies to understand how behavior is shaped and maintained, and discuss real-world applications in education, therapy, behavior modification, and everyday life. Critical analysis of historical and contemporary theories provides insight into the scientific study of behavior and its practical significance.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Behavior 7th Edition by James
E. Mazur
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13 Chapters
339 Verified Questions
339 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: History, background, and Basic Concepts
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35186
Sample Questions
Q1) A particular cell in a cat's visual system might respond most strongly to a line with an angle that is 60 from the horizontal.Available evidence suggests that a cat's previous visual experiences
A)have no effect on the characteristics of such angle detectors
B)have no effect except to keep the detectors from deteriorating because of a lack of use
C)can affect to some extent the best angle for a given cell
D)are totally responsible for determining the best angle for a given cell
Answer: C
Q2) B. F. Skinner used white rats in his early experiments because
A)they exhibit only the simplest learning abilities
B)they had been frequently used in medical research
C)he felt it did not matter what species he studied
D)none of the above
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fixed-action pattern
A)will stop immediately if the behavior is not appropriate for the situation
B)is a sequence of behaviors that occur in a rigid order
C)both a and b
D)neither a and b
Answer: B
Q2) In the Solomon and Corbit opponent-process theory,the a-process is said to be
A)a pleasant emotional reaction
B)an unpleasant emotional reaction
C)unaffected by repeated trials
D)slow to reach its maximum level
Answer: C
Q3) Kandel's research on Aplysia has shown that the habituation of the gill-withdrawal response
A)always occurs in a single trial
B)dissipates with time
C)is completely different from habituation in higher organisms
D)all of the above
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose a child is knocked down by a large dog and develops a fear of the dog.Later the child frequently sees this dog in front of a neighbor's house,and develops a fear of the neighbor's house.This example illustrates A)second-order conditioning
B)generalization
C)discrimination
D)spontaneous recovery
Answer: D
Q2) If a person develops a taste aversion to shellfish because she got ill after eating some.If she also shows an aversion to other seafood,this is A)generalization
B)discrimination
C)spontaneous recovery
D)conditioned inhibition
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Theories and Research on Classical Conditioning
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Comparator theories of classical conditioning state that animals compare
A)the intensities of different CSs
B)the intensities of different USs
C)the probability of a US in the presence and absence of a CS
D)none of the above
Q2) If a stimulus is an occasion setter,its presence or absence controls whether or not the subject will respond
A)when a different stimulus,the CS,is presented
B)when the US is presented
C)when the US is terminated
D)when the occasion setter itself is presented
Q3) According to the Rescorla-Wagner model,compared to a less salient CS,a more salient CS will receive
A)stronger conditioning
B)weaker conditioning
C)the same amount of conditioning
D)inhibitory conditioning
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reinforcer-
A)food
B)warmth
C)sexual stimulation
D)a good grade on an exam
Q2) Regarding the topic of biological constraints on learning,today most learning theorists believe that
A)it is not possible to discover general principles of learning
B)different general principles of learning are needed for different species
C)different general principles of learning are needed for different categories of behavior
D)many behaviors are controlled by a mixture of learning and hereditary factors
Q3) Thorndike's explanation of the learning that took place in his puzzle box involved all of the following except
A)the animal's knowledge
B)the animal's satisfaction
C)a strengthening of S-R connections
D)the law of effect
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Chapter 6: Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental
Analyses and Applications
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To help an autistic child learn to say the word ball,the therapist might use his hand to guide the child's mouth and lips into the proper position.This is an example of
A)shaping
B)prompting
C)fading
D)partial reinforcement
Q2) Behavioral marital therapy can include
A)a contingency contract
B)behavior exchange
C)training in communication and problem-solving skills
D)all of the above
Q3) If a telemarketer makes many call and occasionally gets someone to buy his product,this is an example of a
A)fixed-ratio schedule
B)variable-ratio schedule
C)fixed-interval schedule
D)variable-interval schedule
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Avoidance and Punishment
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As animals become experienced in an avoidance task,
A)visible signs of fear increase
B)visible signs of fear decrease
C)there are visible signs of fear before the avoidance response is made,but not after D)there are visible signs of fear after the avoidance response is made,but not before
Q2) A disadvantage of using punishment is that
A)one must continually monitor the subject's behavior
B)a return of the punished behavior is inevitable once the punishment contingency is removed
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q3) After training an avoidance response,response blocking can
A)lead to aggression
B)help to produce extinction of the avoidance response
C)produce an increase in avoidance responses
D)lead to increased fear of the CS
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Chapter 8: Theories and Research on Operant Conditioning
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A problem with research on the use of EMG biofeedback to reduce tension headaches is that
A)some patients cannot learn to relax their forehead muscles with the EMG equipment
B)patients can only relax their forehead muscles when connected to the biofeedback equipment
C)the EMG biofeedback produced only temporary improvement
D)none of the above
Q2) Evidence that animals learn to expect a certain type of reinforcer in an operant conditioning situation comes from studies that
A)trained two responses with two different reinforcers,then associated one of the two reinforcers with poison
B)trained two responses with two different reinforcers,then satiated the animals with one of the reinforcers
C)changed the type of reinforcer and found that animals looked "surprised"
D)all of the above
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Chapter 9: Stimulus Control and Concept Learning
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pavlov believed that generalization was
A)an automatic by-product of the conditioning process
B)dependent on discrimination training along the relevant dimension
C)partly a and partly b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) Treating the number "8" and the word "eight" as the same mathematical concept is an example of
A)a learning set
B)generalization
C)stimulus equivalence
D)absolute stimulus control
Q3) Which of the following response rules is consistent with the relational theory of stimulus control-
A)choose the greener of the two stimuli
B)of the three stimuli,choose the one of intermediate brightness
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
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11
Chapter 10: Comparative Cognition
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following characteristics of human language has not been found in any other species-
A)the use of abstract symbols
B)productivity
C)grammar
D)none of the above (that is,all of these have been found in other species)
Q2) According to Wagner's theory of rehearsal in animals,a surprising post-trial episode can diminish the conditioning from a CS-US pairing because
A)surprising events attract a good deal of attention
B)short-term memory has limited capacity
C)both rehearsal and attention make use of short-term memory
D)all of the above
Q3) Research has suggested that rats in a radial-arm maze tend to use
A)prospective coding
B)retrospective coding
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
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Chapter 11: Learning by Observation
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recording children's television viewing habits early in life and comparing them to their aggressive tendencies later in life is an example of
A)anecdotal evidence
B)a field experiment
C)a longitudinal study
D)a confounding variable
Q2) In attempts to use modeling as treatment for socially withdrawn children,it has been found that
A)graduated exposure to models engaging in more and more energetic social interactions is effective
B)long treatment sessions are necessary
C)the effects of this treatment decline over time
D)all of the above
Q3) Some studies have found that human infants can imitate facial expressions before the age of
A)3 weeks
B)3 months
C)6 months
D)1 year
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Learning Motor Skills
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Positive transfer is most likely to be observed when two motor tasks involve
A)similar responses to similar stimuli
B)different responses to similar stimuli
C)different responses to different stimuli
D)either a or c
Q2) If practicing a tennis stroke makes it harder to learn a correct stroke in ping-pong,this would be an example of
A)positive transfer
B)negative transfer
C)an ironic error
D)intermittent KR
Q3) Research on knowledge of performance (KP)has shown that in learning a complex motor skill,the best feedback
A)is simply telling the learner "right" or "wrong"
B)is giving a quantitative estimate of the error
C)often involves giving the subject detailed information on exactly which movements were good and which were not
D)is no feedback at all
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Chapter 13: Choice
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25 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a concurrent VI VI situation,a subject has just switched from the poorer VI to the better VI.Momentary maximizing theory predicts that as time passes,the likelihood of a switch back to the other VI
A)will increase
B)will decrease
C)will remain constant
D)will first increase then decrease
Q2) Experiments have shown that in situations where optimization theory predicts one behavior and the matching law predicts another,
A)animals usually behave as the matching law predicts.
B)animals usually behave as optimization theory predicts.
C)animals shift back and forth,sometimes following the matching law and sometimes optimization theory.
D)people follow the matching law but animals do not.
Q3) According to Caraco's theory about risk taking,animals are
A)more risk prone when food is scarce
B)more risk prone when food is plentiful
C)more risk averse when they are hungry
D)none of the above
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