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Introduction to World Civilizations explores the development and interactions of major societies across the globe from ancient times to the early modern period. The course examines political, economic, social, and cultural achievements in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, emphasizing the ways in which civilizations influenced each other through trade, migration, conquest, and exchange of ideas. Students will analyze key themes such as the rise and fall of empires, the role of religion and philosophy, technological innovations, and the impact of geography on historical processes, fostering a comparative understanding of humanity's shared past.
Recommended Textbook Traditions and Encounters A Brief Global History 4th Edition by Jerry Bentley
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Q1) Çatal Hüyük is significant because it
A)marks the beginning of human civilization.
B)marks the first human use of tools.
C)is the site of the first human use of agriculture.
D)is the site of the first city.
E)marks the first instance of the use of a land bridge.
Answer: D
Q2) Mesopotamian metalworkers discovered that if they alloyed copper and tin they could produce
A)obsidian.
B)steel.
C)iron.
D)silver.
E)bronze.
Answer: E
Q3) The term for "new stone age" is neolithic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Q1) Which pharaoh tried,unsuccessfully,to transform Egypt into a monotheistic society?
A)Menes
B)Akhenaten
C)Tuthmosis III
D)Ahmose I
E)Tuthmosis I
Answer: B
Q2) Harkhuf was a Nubian trader who brought back exotic products from tropical Africa.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The New Kingdom was a powerful Egyptian state created after the Hyksos were pushed out of power.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Q1) Look at the representation of the evolution of Chinese characters on page 59.How did the characters evolve from the early figures to the later ones? What role did writing play in the advancement of Chinese society?
Answer: The evolution of Chinese characters from the early figures to the later ones can be seen as a progression from more pictographic representations to more abstract and stylized forms. In the early figures, the characters were often direct representations of the objects or concepts they were meant to convey. Over time, these characters became more stylized and abstract, making them more efficient for writing and communication.
Writing played a crucial role in the advancement of Chinese society. The development of a written language allowed for the recording of history, laws, and cultural traditions, as well as the communication of ideas and knowledge. It also facilitated trade, administration, and governance, contributing to the growth and organization of Chinese society. Additionally, the ability to write and read Chinese characters became a marker of education and social status, further shaping the development of Chinese civilization. Overall, the evolution of Chinese characters and the practice of writing played a significant role in the advancement of Chinese society.
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Q1) Look at the picture of Teotihuacan on page 71.How populous and powerful was this city? Discuss the importance of the Pyramid of the Sun.
Q2) What factors help to explain the relative scarcity of information about the early history of the Americas and Oceania? What tools do historians use to study these societies?
Q3) Obsidian is the material out of which the Olmec fashioned tools.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Olmec ceremonial centers of San Lorenzo and La Venta were destroyed by A)earthquakes.
B)the Maya.
C)the Teotihuacan.
D)the Olmecs themselves.
E)volcanic eruptions that trapped the survivors and left distinctive archaeological records.
Q5) Compare and contrast the political,social,and religious diversity of Mesoamerica and South America.How did government,social structure,and religion differ from region to region?
Q6) Describe the origins,development,and decline of the Lapita society.
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Q1) Zarathustra talked about the battle between the "wise lord" Ahura Mazda and the evil spirit
A)Avesta.
B)Angra Mainyu.
C)Ashur.
D)Ctesiphon.
E)Enlil.
Q2) The greatest Parthian conqueror was Mithradates I.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The victories of the Greeks at Marathon and of Alexander of Macedon at Gaugamela are all too often seen as victories for the rise of civilization.In what ways might these Persian losses be considered losses for the rise of civilization?
Q4) Describe the Achaemenid method of empire administration.What did the Achaemenids borrow from previous Mesopotamian kingdoms,and what innovations did they introduce?
Q5) Describe the status of the free classes and slaves during the Persian empires.How was each connected to the economy and what contributions did each make to the larger society?
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Q1) Examine the defensive walls on Map 6.1,China under the Qin dynasty,221-207B.C.E.Why were they constructed in the north? Were there reasons for constructing the walls other than purely defensive ones?
Q2) Discuss the role of human nature in Chinese philosophical thought.How did the major Chinese philosophies view human nature? Compare this view to those of other civilizations we have covered.
Q3) The legendary founder of Daoism was Laozi.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to tradition,the founder of Daoism is considered to be A)Xunzi.
B)Laozi.
C)Zhuangzi.
D)Mencius.
E)Wudi.
Q5) The Chinese have,arguably,the longest-lasting and most stable political structure of any powerful state in world history.What factors might help to explain this fact?
Q6) How did the educational system develop in China during this period?
Q7) How did the early Han contribute to the unification of China?
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Q1) One of the biggest financial problems of the later Mauryan period was the A)decision to trade exclusively with China.
B)issue of high administrative costs and soldier and bureaucrat salaries.
C)failure to invest in sea trade.
D)decision to borrow money from Persia at high interest rates.
E)decision to stop trading with the Persians.
Q2) Examine the social structure of India during the time of the Mauryas and the Guptas.How did long-distance trade influence India?
Q3) The capital of Ashoka's empire was
A)Delhi.
B)Bodh Gaya.
C)Pataliputra.
D)Mahavira.
E)Banaras.
Q4) Why did Buddhism eventually lose popularity in India?
Q5) Read the passage from Ashoka's 13<sup>th</sup> Major Rock Edict .What does Ashoka have to say about violence? What effect did Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism have on the Mauryan dynasty?
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Q6) Examine the transformation of Hindu thought during this period.Why did it change?

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Q1) During its early history,Italy was dominated by the A)Greeks.
B)Persians.
C)Minoans.
D)Etruscans.
E)Assyrians.
Q2) The most notable lavish palace of Minoan culture was located at A)Troy.
B)Sparta.
C)Athens.
D)Harappa.
E)Knossos.
Q3) In which polis did women have the most freedom?
A)Sparta
B)Corinth
C)Athens
D)Thebes
E)Syracuse
Q4) What part did slaves play in Athens and Sparta? How did Greek law treat slaves?
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Q1) In the late fourth century,Christianity was proclaimed the official religion of the Roman empire by Emperor
A)Constantine.
B)Marcus Aurelius.
C)Theodosius.
D)Tiberius.
E)Severus.
Q2) Diocletian divided the Roman empire in half.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Examine Map 9.2,which details the spread of Buddhism,Hinduism,and Christianity.Now compare this map to Map 9.1.How was the spread of these religions tied to the trade routes?
Q4) The Council of Nicaea and the Council of Chalcedon
A)established the boundary line between the eastern and western Roman empires.
B)accepted the Nestorian view of the solely divine nature of Jesus.
C)settled a bloody civil war and reunited Rome.
D)decided that Jesus possessed both human and divine natures.
E)adopted certain features of the Manichaean faith.
Q5) How did Buddhism become the most popular faith in all of east Asia?
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Q1) The mixture of secular and religious authority that marked Constantine's reign as well as that of the Byzantine emperors is known as A)Byzantine.
B)caesaropapism.
C)the Corpus iuris civilis.
D)secularism.
E)the divine right rule.
Q2) Examine the influence of Greek thought on the Byzantine world.How was this intellectual world created,and what was its long-term influence?
Q3) Italy,Sicily,northwestern Africa,and southern Spain were brought back under imperial control by the military victories of A)Theodora.
B)Belisarius.
C)Basil II.
D)Charlemagne.
E)Augustus.
Q4) Examine the reign of Justinian.Explain the significance of Justinian's code.In what ways did Justinian influence history?
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Q1) During the last two hundred years of the Abbasid empire,it fell under the control of the
A)Byzantine empire.
B)Ottoman Turkish empire.
C)Sasanids.
D)Saljuq Turks.
E)Holy Roman Empire.
Q2) No religious leader could succeed Muhammad as prophet,so political authority rested in the position of the A)ulama.
B)caliph.
C)hajj.
D)sultan.
E)shia.
Q3) The Shia believe that
A)the Umayyad dynasty were the only legitimate rulers.
B)the caliphate should follow the line of Ali.
C)that Allah was the main,but not necessarily the only,god.
D)leadership in the Islamic world could fall to any true believer.
E)a different and more pure version of the Quran exists.
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Q1) Along with wealth and productivity,Tang and Song China experienced a loosening of patriarchal social structures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The most important new crop introduced into China during the Tang and Song periods was
A)cotton.
B)fast-ripening rice.
C)indigo.
D)oranges.
E)barley.
Q3) The Japanese city of Nara was a copy of the Tang capital of A)Beijing.
B)Chang'an.
C)Hangzhou.
D)Nanjing.
E)Dunhuang.
Q4) What is the significance of foot binding?
Q5) Trace the development of Buddhism in China and how it interacted with Daoism and Confucianism.
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Q1) What were some of the significant trade goods produced in southern India?
Q2) Examine the trade routes illustrated in Map 13.2,The trading world of the Indian Ocean basin,600-1600C.E.How important was India's role in Indian Ocean basin trade? What role did the monsoons play in Indian trade? What are emporia?
Q3) The biggest difference between Melaka and the other states influenced by India was that Melaka
A)played a role in sea trade,while the other states relied on land trade.
B)became predominantly Islamic.
C)started out as mainly Islamic but later converted to Buddhism.
D)built a large,centralized land empire.
E)was predominantly Hindu.
Q4) What factors led to the collapse of unified,imperial rule in India before and after the reign of Harsha?
Q5) Look at the sculpture of Shiva on page 243.How could Shiva be a god of fertility but also a destructive deity? How influential were the devotional cults during this period? What could the growing popularity of the Hindu devotional cults say about the rise of Islam?
Q6) What might the popularity of devotional cults explain about the Hindu response to the spread of Islam?
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Q1) The Turkish peoples
A)were a single,homogeneous group.
B)established a tightly structured centralized government.
C)abandoned their urban existence because of disease and economic pressures.
D)spread Islam to southwest Asia.
E)never formed a single,homogeneous group.
Q2) The political power of the khans was based on
A)a tightly structured imperial framework.
B)indirect rule through the leaders of allied tribes.
C)an extension of the traditional Turkish urban kingship.
D)the shamanistic belief in the divinity of the ruler.
E)an educated class of scholarly bureaucrats-an idea borrowed from China.
Q3) The Ghaznavid Turkish leader who raided and plundered India in the eleventh century was A)Osman.
B)Chinggis Khan.
C)Hülegü.
D)Mahmud of Ghazni.
E)Tamerlane.
Q4) Discuss the role of epidemics in the decline of the Mongol empires.
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Q1) In what ways was Kilwa a good example of a Swahili city-state?
Q2) Mali would reach its peak during the reign of A)Sundiata.
B)Ibn Battuta.
C)al-Bakri.
D)Mansa Musa.
E)Chaghatai.
Q3) The kingdom of Ghana's capital and principal trading site was Niani. A)True
B)False
Q4) Axum was
A)a Christian kingdom in Ethiopia.
B)the founder of the Ghana state.
C)the capital of the Swahili city-states.
D)the great creator god of most sub-Saharan religions.
E)a Swahili slave.
Q5) The arrival of Islam changed the status of women is sub-Saharan Africa as dramatically as it did in Arabia and southwest Asia. A)True
B)False

17
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Q1) What role did William of Normandy play in the development of England? Why was England able to develop a centralized government earlier than the other states of the age?
Q2) Examine the origins and growth of the Holy Roman Empire.What were its strengths and its main limitations?
Q3) The crusades
A)stopped all trade between the eastern and western Mediterranean because of the constant warfare.
B)had virtually no impact on trade whatsoever.
C)increased trade between the eastern and western Mediterranean.
D)led to a slight decline in trade in the Mediterranean.
E)introduced the Black Death into Europe.
Q4) Which of the following factors does NOT help explain the increased agricultural production of the high middle ages?
A)the expansion of arable land
B)government financial support
C)the use of new tools
D)the introduction of new crops
E)the introduction of new technology

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Q1) Chinampa system refers to the
A)process by which the Aztecs determined victims for ritualistic sacrifice.
B)Aztec practice of dredging fertile muck from the lake's bottom.
C)core of the Inca imperial administrative structure.
D)Inca system for memorizing facts without the use of a written language.
E)mixed agricultural and hunting system practiced by the Iroquois.
Q2) Examine the rise of the Inca empire.What were the leading factors in this movement? Who were the important leaders?
Q3) The ruler that began the first major expansion of the Inca empire was
A)Atahualpa.
B)Itzcóatl.
C)Pachacuti.
D)Quetzalcóatl.
E)Viracocha.
Q4) Most Aztec human sacrifices were in honor of
A)Quetzalcóatl.
B)Tezcatlipoca.
C)Itzcóatl.
D)Huitzilopochtli.
E)Viracocha.

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Q1) Fernando and Isabel sought to make a place for Spain in the markets of Asia by sponsoring Christopher Columbus's quest for a western route to China.
A)True B)False
Q2) Upon establishing the Ming dynasty,Hongwu embraced Mongol rule and kept China's government decentralized.
A)True B)False
Q3) What was the significance of the Chinese decision to end the journeys of Zheng He? Why did Yongle send Zheng He out in the first place? Compare Zheng He's journeys of exploration to their European equivalents.Why were the Chinese journeys stopped? What did this change mean for China?
Q4) What were the Portuguese objectives in the exploration of the coast of west Africa? What did they accomplish?
Q5) The best-known long-distance traveler of Mongol times was the Venetian Marco Polo.
A)True B)False
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Q1) The astrolabe was designed to measure A)latitude.
B)velocity.
C)distance.
D)longitude.
E)depth.
Q2) Russian territorial expansion into northern Eurasia began in the A)fifteenth century.
B)sixteenth century.
C)seventeenth century.
D)eighteenth century.
E)nineteenth century.
Q3) On 12 October 1492,Columbus made landfall on an island that the native Taíno called A)Palos.
B)Guanahaní.
C)Calicut.
D)San Salvador. E)Gao.
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Q1) Which of the following states developed constitutional governments in the seventeenth century?
A)England and France
B)Spain and the Netherlands
C)Russia and Italy
D)the Netherlands and France
E)England and the Netherlands
Q2) Examine the career of Martin Luther.What were the foundations of his Reformation? What legacy did he leave Europe? Why did earlier reformers not have the same impact?
Q3) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres was written by A)Ptolemy.
B)Galileo Galilei.
C)Isaac Newton.
D)Jonathan Swift.
E)Nicolaus Copernicus.
Q4) What were the foundations of the scientific revolution? Could there be a disadvantage to the period's new emphasis on reason? What,if anything,was missing from this new intellectual universe?
Q5) What were the circumstances of the English Reformation?
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Q1) The population of the Caribbean went from about 4 million in 1492 to ________ in the 1540s.
A)8 million
B)5 million
C)4 million
D)2 million
E)a few thousand
Q2) What factors help to explain the rapid Spanish conquest of Central and South America? What advantages did the Spanish enjoy? What events were important?
Q3) Examine the social structure of colonial life in North America.How was it different from the social structure of life in Central and South America? What explains the differences? In what ways did the different societies intermingle?
Q4) Why did slavery eventually become more common than indentured servitude in the colonies?
Q5) What was distinctive about the European exploration and settlement of Australia?
Q6) Examine the exploration and colonization of Australia and Oceania.Compare and contrast it to the European settlement of the Americas.
Q7) Explain how sugar production came to dictate so much of colonial Brazilian life. To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
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Q1) The ruler of the kingdom of Kongo,Afonso I,converted to what religion and encouraged his subjects to convert as well?
A)Islam
B)Antonianism
C)Christianity
D)Judaism
E)Buddhism
Q2) Slaves resisted in numerous ways: slow work,sabotage of equipment,running away,and slave revolts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Like Islam,Christianity would not make compromises with the traditional beliefs and customs of sub-Saharan peoples.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Examine the increasing role of Islam and Christianity in sub-Saharan Africa.In what ways did these religions transform sub-Saharan Africa? What happened to the indigenous religions?
Q5) How was the kingdom of Kongo transformed by its contacts with the Portuguese?
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Q1) Examine the changing social world of the Ming and Qing period.What were the most important changes taking place? In what ways did the older traditions survive?
Q2) How did the Tokugawa shogunate come to power in the sixteenth century in Japan? What steps did the shoguns take to control the daimyo?
Q3) Examine the decision to close Japan to foreign trade.What events inspired this decision? How successful was this attempt? What were its results?
Q4) What are some of the principles of Confucianism that influenced Chinese notions of government and society at this time?
Q5) In what ways might the Great Wall of China be symbolic of both the strengths and weaknesses of China? Was it successful in its purpose?
Q6) What factors led to the collapse of the Ming dynasty? How did Manchurian invaders gain control of China?
Q7) How was Chinese society structured? Which classes enjoyed the greatest status? Which had the least?
Q8) Think about the picture of Kangxi on page 435.What did Kangxi and Qianlong contribute to Chinese history? How influential was the Qing dynasty?
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Q1) The Mughal emperor Akbar was a devout Muslim who was not tolerant of other religions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The leader of the fully revitalized Safavid empire,who moved the capital to the central location of Isfahan,was
A)Shah Ismail.
B)Aurangzeb.
C)Akbar.
D)Ibrahim the Crazy.
E)Shah Abbas.
Q3) Examine the military power of the Ottoman empire.What factors allowed for its success? What would later lead to its decline?
Q4) Examine the concept of society held by the Islamic states.How were they influenced by their steppe traditions and the new areas that they conquered?
Q5) What aspects of the Islamic empires made political succession so uncertain? What often happened when the ruler died?
Q6) What factors led to the economic and military decline of the Islamic empires?
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Q1) Compare the unification of Italy with the unification of Germany.
Q2) Describe the ways in which the Congress of Vienna remade the political order of Europe.In what ways did it support or detract from conservative or nationalist ideas?
Q3) What events led to the slave rebellion of Saint-Domingue (Haiti)? Why was this rebellion successful when so many other slave revolts failed?
Q4) Examine Locke's notion of the social contract.How does it relate to the "divine right" theory of kingship? How does it relate to these revolutions? What important Enlightenment ideas played a key role in these revolutions?
Q5) The guiding principles of the French revolution are summed up in the phrase
A)"no taxation without representation."
B)"peace,bread,land."
C)"let them eat cake."
D)"all men are created equal."
E)"liberty,equality,fraternity."
Q6) What kind of states emerged in Mexico,Gran Colombia,and Brazil after the revolutions?
Q7) What factors led the western powers to abolish the slave trade and then slavery in the nineteenth century?
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Q1) Cheaper iron was produced after 1709 when British smelters began to use what substance as a fuel?
A)kerosene
B)coke
C)charcoal
D)wood
E)gasoline
Q2) Marx and Engels suggested that music,art,and literature
A)should be used by the communists to facilitate the revolution.
B)were the "opiate of the masses."
C)were the only aspects of the modern world that had not been contaminated by the capitalists.
D)served the purposes of the capitalists because they diverted the workers from their misery.
E)represented the peasants and were thus useless.
Q3) What was the impact of the industrial revolution on working-class families? Consider the changes for working-class men,women,and children.
Q4) What inventions led to the mechanization of the cotton industry after 1750? Why was the textile industry so prominent at this time?
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Q1) Railroads decisively influenced economic development in the United States,providing cheap transportation for agricultural and manufactured goods as well as for individual travelers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What factors contributed to the tremendous economic growth of the United States in the late nineteenth century? What were some of the problems generated by that economic growth?
Q3) As it expanded westward,the United States enacted assimilation policies that undermined Native American cultural traditions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Caudillos were
A)democratic reformers who played an important role in the Mexican revolution.
B)powerful Catholic priests who were suspicious of reform.
C)regional military leaders who provided order in Latin America.
D)economic reformers who promoted industrialization in Latin America.
E)leftist guerillas in Mexico.
Q5) What have been the central ethnic conflicts in Canadian history?
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Q1) In 1824,Thomas Stamford Raffles founded the port of A)Sydney.
B)Rangoon.
C)Manila.
D)Singapore.
E)Hong Kong.
Q2) Where did the Japanese direct their ambitions as a new imperial power? How successful were they?
Q3) Between 1859 and 1893,Vietnam,Cambodia,and Laos all fell under the control of A)England.
B)France.
C)the Dutch.
D)Germany.
E)the United States.
Q4) Compare and contrast European imperialism in central and southeast Asia,Africa,and Oceania.Were there any fundamental differences that would influence later history?
Q5) Examine imperialism in Africa.What were the major goals of the Europeans? Why was Africa treated differently than other colonies? How did the carving up of Africa lead to tension among the European nations?
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Q1) The last tsar of Russia was
A)Alexander II.
B)Ivan IV.
C)Nicholas II.
D)Ivan III.
E)Alexander III.
Q2) The nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities was most threatening to which of the following states?
A)England
B)Austria-Hungary
C)Spain
D)France
E)Germany
Q3) Why did Japan enter WWI? What did they gain?
Q4) What was the intent of the League of Nations? What were the weaknesses of this body?
Q5) What were the fundamental mistakes of the negotiators at Paris who drew up the Treaty of Versailles? Were they doomed from the start? Was World War II inevitable?
Q6) How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks come to power?
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Q1) One of the most significant results of the artistic experimentation of the 1920s and 1930s was that
A)artists learned to adhere to accepted public definitions of reality.
B)photography was no longer considered a legitimate art form.
C)generally accepted standards that distinguished between "good" and "bad" art disappeared.
D)impressionism was recognized as the single best art form.
E)a set of criteria was established that allowed art students to distinguish between "good" and "bad" art.
Q2) In a purely scientific sense,the uncertainty principle proposes that
A)cloning is essentially impossible because of the difficulty of accounting for genetic mutation.
B)it is impossible to specify simultaneously both the position and velocity of a subatomic particle.
C)complex factors make accurately predicting economic trends essentially impossible.
D)a country's successful transition to democracy is dependent on internal rather than external factors.
E)human behavior is driven more by psychological than by physiological factors.
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Q1) The Long March
A)destroyed Mao Zedong's credibility with the Chinese.
B)left Jiang Jieshi in complete control of the Chinese Communist Party.
C)forced Mao Zedong to flee China and hide in the Soviet Union.
D)greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position.
E)was the final victory for the Guomindang.
Q2) Mexican President ________ nationalized his country's oil industry,thus posing a challenge to the U.S.policy of nonintervention in Latin American affairs.
A)Lázaro Cárdenas
B)Diego Rivera
C)José Carlos Mariátegui
D)Juan Batista Sacasa
E)Anastacio Somoza Garcia
Q3) Jiang Jieshi launched a political and military offensive known as the Northern Expedition,which aimed to unify the nation and bring China under Guomindang rule.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What factors caused Africans to challenge European authority during the Great War?
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Q1) What steps did the United States take to support the Allies,both in Asia and in Europe,before Pearl Harbor?
Q2) What was the "final solution"? How did it represent Hitler's philosophy?
Q3) Although many tried,women were not allowed to join the military services or work on factory assembly lines during World War II.
A)True
B)False
Q4) At the Wannsee Conference,Nazi bureaucrats decided to evacuate all Jews in Europe to work and extermination camps.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The European part of World War II began with the A)Soviet invasion of Romania.
B)Polish invasion of Germany.
C)German invasion of Poland.
D)German takeover of Austria.
E)Munich Conference.
Q6) What were some of the forms of resistance to occupying forces? How effective were these efforts? Why was resistance so difficult?
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Q1) Look at map 33.1 Occupied Germany,1945-1949.Why was Germany divided and occupied? What problems did this division cause? What would be the significance of the Berlin Wall and Berlin airlift?
Q2) In 1954 Gamal Abdel Nasser abolished French rights to the Suez Canal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Imre Nagy
A)launched the Prague Spring in 1968.
B)was the president of West Germany when the Berlin Wall was torn down.
C)announced Hungary's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact in 1956.
D)pursued a foreign policy independent of Soviet control in Yugoslavia.
E)led the Contras in their fight against the Sandinistas.
Q4) Compare and contrast American foreign policy during the cold war with that of the Soviet Union.In what ways were their policies similar? In what ways did they differ? What impact did decolonization have on their respective policies?
Q5) Kwame Nkrumah said that "it is clear that we must find an African solution to our problems,and that this can only be found in African unity." Why was political fragmentation such a threat to the newly independent Africa? Why was Nkrumah such a symbol for African nationalism?
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Q1) AIDS is the last stage in the progress of A)HIV.
B)cancer.
C)influenza.
D)pneumonia.
E)HAART.
Q2) What have been the principal causes of mass migration since World War II? What are some of the challenges presented by these migrations to host countries?
Q3) Medical experts first identified AIDS in 1981 among members of which group(s)?
A)intravenous drug users
B)homosexual men
C)sub-Saharan African families
D)both intravenous drug users and homosexual men
E)heterosexual women
Q4) What factors led to the oil embargo of 1973-1975? What were the results?
Q5) What are some of the significant nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)operating in the world since WWII? What causes do these groups address?
Q6) What events led to the invasion of Afghanistan by the United States and the Northern Alliance in 2001?
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